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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is constituted by different networks and institutions. I demonstrate that while the symptoms associated with FASD do not differ from childhood to adulthood, their conceptualization and thus societal and governmental responses to individuals with FASD change dramatically. This research is theoretically grounded in Rose's work on psy-identities and Hacking's concept of a looping effect. To unpack the reconstitution of the FASD identity from childhood to adulthood I have identified two linked but distinctive loops--that of the promising child and the deviant adult. These two loops conceptualize the different institutions, stakeholders, and knowledges that take interest in the 'FASD child' and those that constitute the 'FASD adult' identity within the criminal justice system. Keywords: fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; identity; looping effect; psy-discipline; critical criminology; First Nations/Metis/Inuit communities Les definitions liees a l'ensemble des troubles causes par l'alcoolisation foetale (ETCAF) proviennent de differents systemes de reseaux et institutions. Je demontre que la conceptualisation des TCAF et les approches sociales et gouvernementales envers ceux qui en souffrent changenr radicalement malgre le fait que les symptomes associes aux TCAF demeurent les memes de l'enfance a l'age adulte. A l'interieur de cette recherche, je me refere au travail de Rose sur les <> et de Hacking sur l'effet de boucle. Afin de reveler la reconstitution de l'identite associee a l'adulte qui souffre de TCAF, j'ai identifie deux boucles qui sont a la fois liees et distinctes--celle de l'enfant prometteur et celle de l'adulte delinquant. Ces deux boucles nous aident a conceptualiser les differentes institutions, les parties prenantes et les connaissances qui s'interessent a <> et ceux qui servent a definir l'adulte TCAF a l'interieur du systeme penal. Mots cles: l'ensemble des troubles causes par l'alcoolisation foetale; l'identite; l'effet de boucle, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is constituted by different actors, networks and institutions. Whereas in childhood, the FASD (2) identity is salvageable victim, in adulthood the FASD identity is deviant, [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.006 Byline: Anne M. Koponen (a), Mirjam Kalland (b)(d), Ilona Autti-Ramo (c) Keywords: FASD; Alcohol exposure; Caregiving environment; Children; Socio-emotional development; Foster family care Abstract: The study investigated the role of the postnatal caregiving environment in the socio-emotional development of children under the age of 16 who had been exposed to alcohol in utero and placed in foster family care (n =38). Quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis were utilized. Based on psychological examinations, most of the children (76%) were reported to have at least one developmental problem; concentration, attention and language/speech problems being the most typical. The critical issues affecting children's development were 1) the range of somatic illnesses and disabilities that had impaired their functional capacity, 2) children's age at the time of the first placement and of entry into long-term foster family care, and 3) the number of traumatic experiences. Placement outside a biological family at an early age decreased, and traumatic experiences, illnesses and disabilities increased socio-emotional problems (including neuropsychological problems). Undiagnosed children had more behavioural problems measured by the Child Behaviour Checklist than children with foetal alcohol syndrome, but in general the differences between the diagnostic categories were small. Damage to the central nervous system by prenatal alcohol exposure together with lack of constructive early interaction seems to launch a process which may make it difficult for the child to form a coherent picture of him-/herself and to control his/her feelings and behaviour. Author Affiliation: (a) Folkhalsan Research Center and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland (b) Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Finland (c) Department of Child Neurology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland (d) Folkhalsan Research Center, Finland Article History: Received 18 December 2008; Revised 6 May 2009; Accepted 7 May 2009

A sample of 63 licensed foster parents was asked, 'What motivates you to foster a child who has a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?' The responses to this question were grouped together by licensed foster parents. The grouped data were subjected to multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Results indicated that foster parents were motivated to care for children with alcohol-related disabilities by witnessing positive changes in the children in their care, helping children focus on their strengths, using their own parenting experience, earning an income, assisting children who have disabilities, and helping children stay connected to their families and communities. Foster parents who foster children with alcohol-related disabilities foster for similar reasons to those who foster children with special needs in general. Differences between the literature on foster parent motives and study results were described. Foster parents who are caring for children with alcohol-related disabilities see their care as specialized, see their roles as long-term helpers facilitators to children, their birth families and home communities, and emphasize positive experiences of fostering. Keywords Foster parents * Fetal alcohol syndrome * Motivation * Canada * Concept map

The medical model inscribing much of disability's discourse draws on a body of research where terms change constantly. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome describes the neurological and physical consequences of alcohol on pregnant mothers. The term Fetal Alcohol Effect was introduced in 1978 to describe people who did not have all the markers characteristic of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.