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Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of systemically administered caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in periodontitis. Materials and methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental periodontitis (LPS), CAPE 5: LPS+5 μmol/kg/day CAPE, and CAPE 10: LPS+10 μmol/kg/day CAPE. Following lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental periodontitis, CAPE was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Gingival and serumal total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Gingival tissue TAS was significantly higher with CAPE application compared with the LPS group and was highest in the CAPE 10 group (p

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BAS, BURCU/0000-0003-0593-3400 WOS: 000398929400011 Repair of postsurgical maxillofacial bone defects is still problematic. Herein, the biomechanical advantages of calcified triglyceride bone cement, a newly developed bioabsorbable graft material, are presented for this purpose. Eighteen ribs from recently killed cows were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, no defect was created. In groups 2 and 3, mid-section defects (2 cm in diameter) were created, then left empty (group 2) or filled with calcified triglyceride bone cement (group 3). Each rib was subsequently tested on a three-point biomechanical model simulating masticatory compression loads. Mean values (medians) of loads exerted were recorded for statistical analysis. Significant differences were identified in comparing groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.043) and groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.046), but groups 1 and 3 (p = 1) did not differ significantly. Bones filled with calcified triglyceride bone cement are thus comparable to normal bone in terms of mandibular resistance and may display sound biomechanical stability postoperatively.

How smoking affects periodontal inflammation and healing still needs to be revealed with all its mechanisms. In this study, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of: (a) interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interleukin-17E(IL-17E) with their ratios and (b) oxidative stress by means of total oxidative stress (TOS), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC), and their ratios as the oxidative stress index (OSI) were evaluated and compared for smoking and non-smoking periodontitis patients after a periodontitis management process including both the non-surgical and surgical treatments.Fifteen smoker and 15 non-smoker generalized periodontitis patients as 2 distinct groups participated in the study. Conventional clinical and radiographical examinations were utilized for the periodontitis diagnosis. The clinical data and GCF samples were collected at baseline, 4 week after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), and 4 weeks after surgical periodontal treatment (SPT). IL-17A, IL-17E, TOS, and TAOC were determined by ELISA and Rel Assay.Clinical parameters in both smokers and non-smokers improved following periodontal treatment (P .001) and their clinical data were similar for all the examination times (baseline, NSPT, and SPT) (P .05). Following the treatment phases, the IL-17A concentration decreased and the IL-17E concentration increased in both the smokers and non-smokers (P .01). The total amount of IL-17A decreased while the total amount of IL-17E increased in smokers throughout NSPT and SPT (P .01). Such an alteration was seen only at SPT compared to NSPT and baseline in non-smokers (P .01). The concentration and total amount of IL-17A were higher at baseline, and the concentration and total amount of IL-17E were lower at all examination time points in non-smokers as compared to smokers (P .01). The 17A/E ratio decreased in both groups following the treatment phases and was higher in smokers at all the examination times (P .01). TOS were higher and TAOC were lower in smokers versus non-smokers at all the time points, but the differences were significant only for TOS levels (P .01). Throughout the treatment phases, the concentration and total amount of TOS decreased in smokers(P .01) and only the total amount of TOS decreased in non-smokers (P .01). The concentration and total amounts of TAOC increased throughout the treatments in both smokers and non-smokers without significant changes (P .05). The baseline OSI was higher in smokers, and it decreased only in smokers following the treatment phases (P .01).Smoking and periodontal inflammation were found to alter IL-17A, IL-17E, and oxidant/anti-oxidant statuses in periodontitis patients. The intra-group assessments in smokers demonstrated more apparent alterations in the oxidant/anti-oxidant statuses and IL-17A and IL-17E levels after periodontitis management.

TUNCEL, OZGUR KORHAN/0000-0002-2989-5894 WOS: 000399263300018 PubMed: 28367895 Osteoporosis and periodontal disease are linked by an altered receptor activator of nuclear factor B-K ligand and osteoprotegerin ratio (RANKL/OPG), and medical treatment with bisphosphonate (BP) may help control these molecules. The effect of BP on clinical findings and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) values of RANKL and OPG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was evaluated in postmenopausal women; 13 patients with both chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis (group A), 12 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (group B), 12 periodontally healthy patients with osteoporosis (group C), and 10 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (group D). Recordings were repeated at the end of months 1, 6, and 12 in groups A, B, and C. At the baseline, groups A and B exhibited the lowest OPG values (P < 0.05). After periodontal treatment, OPG values were markedly increased at the end of 6th month in group A and 12th month in group B (P < 0.008). There was no significant difference in GCF RANKL values among groups (P > 0.05) or during the observation period (P > 0.008). The use of BP may be effective in preventing periodontal breakdown by controlling the levels of these markers in osteoporosis as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. Ondokuz Mayis University Research FoundationOndokuz Mayis University [PYO.DIS.1901.13.010] The study was financially supported by a grant from the Ondokuz Mayis University Research Foundation (PYO.DIS.1901.13.010).

Sakallioglu, Umur/0000-0002-8823-755X WOS: 000399107700002 PubMed: 28403352 Natural compounds capable of modulating the host response have received considerable attention, and herbal products are suggested as adjunctive agents in periodontal disease treatment. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on periodontitis. Material and Methods: Ligature induced periodontitis was created in 40 rats and they were assigned to four equal groups. One group was fed laboratory diet (group A) while three groups received GSE additionally. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for four weeks to induce periodontitis. The GSE groups were reallocated regarding GSE consumption as: for two weeks before ligation (group B; totally eight weeks), from ligation to two weeks after removal of the ligature (group C; totally six weeks), and for two weeks from ligature removal (group D; totally two weeks). Sections were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. Inflammatory cell number (ICN), connective tissue attachment level (CAL), osteoclast density (OD), IL-10 and TGF-beta stainings in gingival epithelium (GE), connective tissue (GC), and periodontal ligament (PL) were used as the study parameters. Results: Lower ICN, higher CAL, and lower OD were observed in the GSE groups (p

Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a red cell aplasia characterized with physical abnormalities. The incidence of the disease is reported to be five to seven (5-7) cases per million births in Europe and 4-5 per million live births in the UK and Netherlands with equal sex ratio. It was first recognized in 1938 but an exact pathophysiology of the disease has not been described yet. These abnormalities are well known, however, detailed oral and dental conditions related with the disease have not been described previously. We herein presented two cases of DBA together with oral and dental findings. Our study is first to report the gingival status of the patients with a complete investigation of any orthodontic or dental abnormalities in these kind of patients. A careful follow up and preventive therapies should not be missed in these kind of patients. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:344-348)

Objective: The purpose of the proposed study was to develop an identification unit for classifying periodontal diseases using support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and artificial neural networks (ANNs).Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients was divided into two groups such as training (100) and testing (50). The codes created for risk factors, periodontal data, and radiographically bone loss were formed as a matrix structure and regarded as inputs for the classification unit. A total of six periodontal conditions was the outputs of the classification unit. The accuracy of the suggested methods was compared according to their resolution and working time.Results: DT and SVM were best to classify the periodontal diseases with a high accuracy according to the clinical research based on 150 patients. The performances of SVM and DT were found 98% with total computational time of 19.91 and 7.00 s, respectively. ANN had the worst correlation between input and output variable, and its performance was calculated as 46%.Conclusions: SVM and DT appeared to be sufficiently complex to reflect all the factors associated with the periodontal status, simple enough to be understandable and practical as a decision‑making aid for prediction of periodontal disease.Key words: Algorithm, artificial neural networks, decision tree, periodontal disease, support vector machine

Introduction. Dentin dysplasia is a rare disturbance of dentin formation characterized by normal enamel but atypical dentin formation with abnormal pulpal morphology that is inherited as an autosomal pulpal morphology.Case Presentation. A 7-year-old female who had problems in chewing function was referred to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at the Faculty of Dentistry in Ondokuz Mayıs University. In the radiographic examination, it was determined that some of the unerupted permanent teeth of the patient had short, blunted, and malformed roots with obliterated pulp chambers, although the bone below the teeth showed well-defined margins. This unusual case of generalized short roots presents a case demonstrating both classic and atypical features of dentinal dysplasia type I (DDI) in the mixed and permanent dentitions.Conclusion. There are still many issues in the diagnosis and management of patients with dentin dysplasia. Early diagnosis, clinical and radiographic findings, as well as treatment of this condition and the initiation of effective preventive strategies may help prevent or delay loss of dentition.

AVCI, Bahattin/0000-0001-6471-6495; OTAN OZDEN, Feyza/0000-0003-3258-3979 WOS: 000320295200013 PubMed: 22897655 Background: This study evaluates the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: At baseline, clinical parameters were determined and GCF and saliva samples were obtained from 24 patients with CP and 24 individuals with clinically healthy periodontium. GCF, saliva samples, and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated at day 10, 1 month, and 3 months following initial periodontal therapy in patients with CP. 8-OHdG levels of GCF and saliva samples were investigated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Statistically significant higher 8-OHdG levels of GCF and a significant decrease after initial periodontal therapy were determined in the CP group (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between 8-OHdG levels of GCF and clinical periodontal measurements (P < 0.001). However, salivary levels of 8-OHdG did not differ between groups or during initial periodontal therapy (P>0.05). Conclusions: This study reveals that DNA injury and oxidative stress increase in tissue cells and especially in periodontal pockets in patients with CP, and the periodontal treatment results in a significant decrease of 8-OHdG levels in the GCF samples. To the best of our knowledge, this study evaluates for the first time, 8-OHdG levels in GCF, which is shown to be more useful as a biomarker than saliva. 8-OHdG was found to be important and may reveal the severity of periodontal disease and the effect of periodontal therapy. Scientific Research Fund of Ondokuz Mayis UniversityOndokuz Mayis University This study was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Ondokuz Mayis University. The authors are grateful to Dr. Soner Cankaya, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Division of Biometry & Genetics, University of Ondokuz Mayis, for his assistance in the statistical analysis. The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia or Heck’s disease, is a rare viral infection of the oral mucosa caused by human papillomavirus. The frequency of this disease varies widely from one geographic region to another. In Caucasians there have been only few cases reported. This paper reports a case of focal epithelial hyperplasia and demonstrates the association with HPV subtype 32 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of PCR products. A 7-year-old Caucasian girl was admitted to our clinic for investigation of multiple oral mucosal lesions in the mouth. Lesion was excised under local anesthesia without any complication. The lesion was diagnosed as focal epithelial hyperplasia according to both clinical and histopathological features. Dental staff should be aware of these kind of lesions and histopathological examination together with a careful clinical observation should be carried out for a definitive diagnosis. © 2011, Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India.

Background: Asthma is a common chronic disorder of childhood, and it is frequently accompanied by dental and other oral abnormalities. As such, oral and dental effects of asthma medications have been investigated in several studies. However, the effect of combination therapy with a long-acting β 2 -agonist and a corticosteroid on oral health in children and adolescents has not been reported in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether combination treatment with a long-acting β 2 -agonist (salmeterol) and a corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate) administered by dry powder inhaler (DPI) affects oral health in children and adolescents with moderate asthma. Methods: This 1-month, single-blind clinical study was conducted at the Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey. Male and female children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years with moderate persistent asthma, as classified by the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, were studied before and after 1 month of treatment with combination salmeterol 50 µg and fluticasone propionate 100 μg administered by DPI BID. Salivary flow rate and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) level were measured, and periodontal health was assessed by gingival and dental plaque indices for buccal surfaces and periodontal pocket depth. Results: The study enrolled 15 children and adolescents (8 girls, 7 boys; mean [SD] age, 11 years [45 months]; median age, 13 years; [range, 7-17 years]). At 1 month, mean sIgA, gingival index, buccal surface index, gingival index, dental plaque index, and periodontal pocket depth were not changed significantly from baseline, whereas mean (SD) salivary flow rate was significantly decreased (from 153.21 [39.29] to 113.16 [46.99] µL/5 s; P=0.015) and dental plaque index on the buccal surface was significantly increased (from 1.43 [0.63] to 1.61 [0.67]; P=0.01). Conclusions: In this small study, combination treatment with salmeterol 50 µg and fluticasone propionate 100 µg inhaled twice daily was associated with changes in oral health among these children and adolescents with moderate asthma. Regular follow-up of oral health status may be warranted in children and adolescents during long-term use of a long-acting β2-agonist and a corticosteroid. (Clin Ther. 2007;29:2236-2242) Copyright © 2007 Excerpta Medica, Inc.

PubMed: 17138166 A 14-year-old female with a history of unsuccessful endodontic treatment of a maxillary central incisor was referred for treatment. Radiographic examination showed an unusual foreign object in the root canal. This report describes the permanent successful treatment of the tooth. © 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000231909400010 PubMed: 16169820 Fanconi's anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia and congenital malformation of the skeleton. This study investigated the oral health status of 15 children with Fanconi's anemia, including oral lesions,gingival and periodontal status, and dental abnormalities. All children in the group were found to have a tendency to develop tooth decay and were in need of dental treatment. Two had aggressive periodontitis. In one patient supernumerary teeth were found, while in another teeth were congenitally missing. The increased tendency toward periodontal disease in patients with Fanconi's anemia may be due not only to the anemia, leukopenia, and defective detoxification of oxygen radicals that are characteristic of the disease itself, but also to medications applied during intense immunosuppressive treatment, such as prednisolone.

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of L-lysine monohydrochloride which is known to be a natural viral inhibitor based on a probable role of herpes simplex virus on recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) etiology. Method: Thirty patients were divided into placebo and lysine treatment groups. After the end of two months’ therapy, clinical changes of ulcers were recorded and the effectiveness of the study was measured by the success degrees given by the patients. Herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) presence was examined by ELISA in serumal samples and by real-time PCR technique in salivary samples of the patients. Results: The number and the recurrence of the ulcers decreased significantly in lysine group. Most patients in lysine group found the therapy more successful. The difference in HSV-1 IgG was statistically significant between the healthy and aphthous ulcer groups while the difference in HSV-1 DNA was not. Conclusion: The presence of HSV in saliva suggests a possible role in RAU etiology, and it seem to be worthwhile to attempt antiviral therapies for RAU treatment.