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Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that disrupt soft tissue metabolism. The diseases separately or together increase apoptosis in gingival fibroblast cells and reduce cell renewal. We investigated the effects of diabetes and periodontitis on the composition and structure of gingival connective tissue. We used gingival biopsies from 16 healthy individuals (control group, C), 16 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (diabetes + periodontitis group, D + P) and 16 healthy chronic periodontitis patients (periodontitis group, P). Biopsies were obtained under local anesthesia. Clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were measured prior to gingival biopsies. Fibroblast cells were counted stereologically. Inflammatory cells were counted histomorphometrically. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD-2), neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were evaluated immunohistochemically. CAL, GI and PI for the C group were lower than for the other groups (p 0.05). Fibroblast cell counts were lower for the D + P group than for the other groups (p 0.05). Diabetes increased inflammatory cell numbers in the D and D + P groups compared to the C and P groups. MMP-8 levels were higher for the D + P group than for the other groups. VEGF was elevated in both the P and D + P groups compared to the C group, while HIF-1α and PLOD-2 levels were comparable. Diabetes increased tissue destruction and inflammation, and decreased fibroblast cell numbers without affecting collagen crosslinking and HIF-1α levels.

Aim: Generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) is the most severe and destructive form of periodontitis.It usually starts under the age of 30 and it is difficult to recover tissue health with sole periodontal treatment. In this case was to evaluate effect of full-mouth ozone treatment on clinical parameters and blood CRP levels in a G-AgP patient. Methodology: A 23 year-old male patient was diagnosed as G-AgP.Clinical attachment levels (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BoP) and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded.Full mouth scaling and root planning and ozone application were performed. Results: Baseline mean full-mouth PI,GI scores and CAL were 3,2 and 5.2mm respectively. 42% of sites showed a CAL of 4-6mm and 26% showed ≥7mm. 72% of the sites exhibited BOP.15 teeth had CAL ≥6mm. After treatments, PI and GI scores were both 1.0. 19% of sites had 4-6mm and 16% of sites were ≥7mm CAL; 12% exhibited BOP. Six teeth had CAL ≥6mm.Baseline CRP was 9 mg/dL and increased to 34 during treatments and decreased to 2 mg/dL after 4 weeks. Conclusion: Within limitations of this case report, it could be suggested that monitoring CRP and subgingival ozone application might be beneficial in treating GAgP. How to cite this article: Balci Yuce H, Ucan Yarkac F, Tulu F. Clinical Parameters and CRP Levels in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis Patient: Case Report. Int Dent Res 2018;8(1):39-44. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: Periodontal diseases are chronic, inflammatory and infectious diseases. Therefore, periodontal treatment aims to eliminate periodontopathogenic bacteria causing periodontal diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of a bacterial end metabolite, acetic acid, on periodontopathogenic bacteria, Streptococcus gordonii and Eikenella corrodens.Material and Method: In present research, Eikenella corrodens (ATCC® 23834™) and Streptococcus gordonii (NCTC 7870) were tested. Acetic acid was used in 5% concentration dissolved in distilled water. Negative control agent was distilled water and positive control agents were 0.012% chlorhexidine, penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial efficacy of acetic acid against bacteria was tested via disc-diffusion method, MIC test and minimum bactericidal concentration tests.Results: The inhibition zone of ciprofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, CHX and acetic acid against Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus gordonii were 32 and 37 mm, 16 and 14 mm, 21 and 16 mm, 13 and 17 mm, and 14 and 11 mm respectively. Ciprofloxacin and penicillin inhibited bacterial growth in MIC and MBC tests against both bacteria. MIC tests of acetic acid and chlorhexidine against Eikenella corrodens revealed inhibitory effect at 7.81 µl/mL and 0.97 µl/mL concentrations, respectively. Against Streptococcus gordonii, MIC of acetic acid and chlorhexidine were 1.95 µl/mL and 3.90 µl/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Acetic acid is a bacterial end product and has a daily consumption as vinegar. Due to the antibacterial efficacy against periodontopathogenic bacteria, it can be useful in adjunction to periodontal treatment. Further studies to evaluate clinical use of acetic acid as mouthwash, dentifrice, gel and/or irrigation agent are necessary.Keywords: Acetic Acid; Oral Health; Periodontopathogenic Bacteria; Short Chain Fatty Acids.

Aim: Frenulum is a sagittal fibrous fold of oral mucosa with a periostealinsertion that extends from the lip or cheek to the alveolar or gingivalmucosa. Sometimes frenulums have high attachments and wide soft tissue foldsand these high frenulums may cause functional and aesthetic problems. The aimof this study is evaluate the pain and discomfort in patients treated withconventional or diode laser frenectomy through VAS scale.Material-method: In this study, in totally 74 patients frenectomy procedure wasindicated. 39 patients had frenectomy performed with conventional surgery(Group C) and 35 patients had frenectomy performed with laser surgery (GroupL). None of the patients had systemic disease or any prescribed drug use. A VASscale was prepared in order to evaluate pain and dis- comfort in speaking andchewing. All patients were in- formed about how to fill the form in detail and aform was given to each patient. All patients were recalled at 10thday and VAS scale forms were recollected. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic data of the groups(p>0.05). Pain was found to be significantly higher in conventional group(p0.05). Ağrıkonvansi- yonel grupta lazer gurubuna oranla anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu(p