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8. 3D inversion of an integrated ground-based and waterborne TEM survey

Author

Xiao, Longying, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip K., and Christiansen, Anders Vest

Abstract

Recent instrument advancements in the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method enable waterborne applications, as well as traditional ground-based surveys. We investigate a common framework to handle combined datasets from ground-based and waterborne TEM surveys under one model-domain. The modeling complexity increases for two main reasons: i) multidimensionality effects are unavoidable in data from settings with strong conductivity contrasts. ii) different systems have different sensitivity footprints, which is challenging to integrate into a common domain. We address these challenges using a previously developed 3D inversion scheme: First, octree-based forward modeling is used to describe the multi-dimensional environment for more accurate field simulations. Second, a decoupling between forward and inversion mesh offers the flexibility of modeling individual soundings to minimize computational costs, while allowing a commonly shared model-domain for the inversion. We validate the method through synthetic and field case studies. The synthetic studies show that: i) a careful forward mesh refinement is required for models with thin and highly conductive top layers. ii) compared to 3D forward responses, 1D modeling has an approximate 300% error directly over the coastline decreasing to a 10% error 50 m away. iii) the 3D inversion outperforms the 1D inversion by a lower data misfit and more accurate model reconstruction. The field case further underlines better consistency of 3D inversion, which delineates the lithological transition from sand to clay and is verified by a better agreement with existing borehole data. Based on these experiments, we conclude that i) 3D inversion is preferred over strong resistivity contrasts arising along a coastline; ii) careful mesh refinement and decoupling of the forward and inversion mesh is an efficient approach to handle computational challenges on forward while maintaining a common inversion mesh; iii) more focus on optimization is required to realize full-scale 3D inversion for integrated surveys in a coastal area.

Published
2023

9. Airborne and Ground Induced Polarization integration: new insights for exploration

Author

Dauti, Francesco, Viezzoli, Andrea, Fernandez, Isla, Royall, Jim, and Fiandaca, Gianluca

Subjects
Induced Polarization, Airborne Electromagnetics, Mineral Exploration
Abstract

It is known and recognized that Induced Polarization effects can affect the Airborne Electromagnetic measurements. These effects, if not treated properly, can represent a source of artifacts, bad fitting, and false recovered structures during the inversion process. At the same time, recognize and properly model the polarization effects can provide a mapping of the spectral content of the recorded data, adding extra information to the results, and allows to properly model the EM. With this work, we modelled the spectral content of Airborne EM data and compared the results with ground IP measurements acquired in the same area. For the modelling procedure, we propose to use the same approach, in order to be more consistent in the modelling procedure. The data we used are from the Iberian Pyrite Belt, one of the most important mining districts in Europe and with the highest concentration of VMS worldwide. Given the geological complexity of the area and the different signatures of the mineralisation style, with our data integration we aim to evaluate the potentialities of the AIP modelling and its role for exploration., Open-Access Online Publication: May 29, 2023

Published
2023
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17. Heterodox transients in time-domain induced polarization

Author

Fiandaca, Gianluca, Olsson, Per-Ivar, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Kühl, Anders, Bording, Thue, Dahlin, Torleif, Auken, Esben, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Olsson, Per-Ivar, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Kühl, Anders, Bording, Thue, Dahlin, Torleif, and Auken, Esben

Abstract

Negative induced polarization (IP) time-domain transients, sign-changing or non-monotonically decaying transients are currently often considered as measurement errors and removed in the data processing. These transients, here named heterodox in the sense of other than generally accepted signals, might originate from measurement errors, inductive effects, or poor signal processing, but synthetic modelling and field measurements show that these transients are physically possible. A simple theoretical explanation of the basic mechanism for their origin can be found through the superposition of contributions from regions with different sensitivities and such heterodox transients can be identified through the processing of full-waveform IP data. A mathematical classification of orthodox and heterodox IP transients into six different types is introduced based on the temporal development of the sign of their amplitude and derivative. The basic mechanism for IP transients with heterodox shapes is further investigated by considering the subsurface Cole-Cole parameter sensitivities and time-varying IP potential for 2D synthetic models. The time-domain forward response and sensitivities are computed through a time transformation that accounts for the current waveform. This approach allows for quantitative unbiased estimates of the time-domain transients and sensitivities, different from the estimates obtained when using multiple direct-current forward computations, as often done in the inversion of time-domain IP data. Time-domain IP transients may differ from the traditionally expected decaying-like transients when the electrode geometry has IP potential sensitivities with different signs for areas with different IP parameters. Hence, previously disregarded IP transients containing valuable information of the subsurface can be kept for inversion and contribute to the final parameter distribution. Increased understanding of theoretically possible IP transients makes way for mo

Published
2022

20. Inversion-based automatic processing of AEM data

Author

Fiandaca, Gianluca

Subjects
Airborne EM, noise, processing, coupling, minimum support
Abstract

Data processing is a mandatory step before inversion for any geophysical inversion, because data outliers significantly affect the inversion process, often forbidding to reach reasonable inversion models and misfits. In the processing of Airborne Electromagnetic (AEM) data, the specificity consists in the necessity to cull out capacitive and galvanic coupled data, with the latter more difficult to recognize in data space alone. In this study I propose to use a generalization of the minimum support norm, namely the asymmetric generalized minimum support (AGMS) norm, for defining the data misfit in the objective function of an iterative reweighted least squared (IRLS) gauss-newton inversion. The AGMS norm in the data misfit puts a cap on the weight of non-fitting data points, allowing for the inversion to focus on the data points that can be fitted. Outliers can be identified after the AGMS inversion computing a classic L2 misfit from the final inversion model. Inversions on AEM data with and without manual processing are compared, with the AGMS inversion able to recognize outliers in the same areas in which data are manually culled out because of coupling, with comparable final inversion models. Moreover, the processing scheme can recognize not only data which are affected by noise, but also data that are not modelled correctly, for instance because of the dimensionality of the forward response: in this case, it can be used for identifying the appropriateness of the modelling within the inversion area. This inversion-based automatic processing scheme is very robust and works well also with a significant number of outliers; furthermore, it is fully general and can be applied not only to AEM data, but to any geophysical problem simply using the appropriate forward modelling., Open-Access Online Publication: March 03, 2023

Published
2021
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21. Inversion of Airborne IP data with a multi-mesh approach for parameter definition

Author

Fiandaca, Gianluca and Viezzoli, Andrea

Subjects
induced polarization, AEM
Abstract

The interest on Induced Polarization in AEM data (AIP) has significantly increased in recent years, both within the research community and in the industry. However, the inversion of AIP data is particularly ill-posed, especially when spectral modelling, such as Cole-Cole modelling, is used. In this study we present a novel approach for model space definition, in which the AIP inversion parameters are defined on model meshes which do not coincide with the forward meshes used for data modelling: the link between model and forward meshes is obtained interpolating the model mesh parameters into the forward mesh discretization. This spatial decoupling allows for defining the AIP model parameters, e.g. the Cole-Cole ones, on different model meshes, for instance one for each inversion parameter. In this way, it is possible to define the spectral parameters, like the time constant and the frequency exponent in the Cole-Cole model, on meshes coarser than the resistivity and chargeability ones, vertically and/or horizontally, with a significant improvement in parameter resolution. However, the novel approach is completely general, and allows for incorporating any kind of prior information through the definition of parameters in problem-tailored meshes. The novel inversion approach is tested on a VTEM AIP survey, highlighting the improvements in model resolution when compared to standard inversion approaches., Open-Access Online Publication: March 03, 2023

Published
2021
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24. Spectral induced polarization of limestones: time domain field data, frequency domain laboratory data and physicochemical rock properties

Author

Johansson, Sara, Lindskog, Anders, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Dahlin, Torleif, Johansson, Sara, Lindskog, Anders, Fiandaca, Gianluca, and Dahlin, Torleif

Abstract

With advances in data acquisition and processing methods, spectral inversion of time domain (TD) induced polarization (IP) data is becoming more common. Geological interpretation of inverted spectral parameters, for instance Cole–Cole parameters, often relies on results from systematic laboratory measurements. These are most often carried out with frequency domain (FD) systems on sandstone samples. However, the two different methods of measuring the spectral IP response differ in both measurement technique and scale. One of the main objectives of this study is, thus, to perform a direct comparison of inverted spectral parameters from TD IP field data with FD IP spectra from laboratory measurements. To achieve this, field measurements were carried out before a ∼50-m-long rock core was drilled down along one of the measurement lines. Solid parts of the core were vacuum-sealed in plastic bags to preserve the natural groundwater in the samples, after which the core samples were measured with FD spectral IP in laboratory. The results showed that the inverted Cole–Cole parameters closest to the borehole were comparable to the IP spectra measured at the core samples, despite differences in measurement techniques and scale. The field site chosen for the investigation was a limestone succession spanning over a well-known lithological boundary (the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary). Little is known in previous research about varying spectral IP responses in limestones, and an additional objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate possible sources of these variations in the laboratory. The IP spectra were interpreted in light of measured lithological and physicochemical properties. The carbonate texture differed strongly across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary from fine-grained calcareous mudstone (Cretaceous) to more well-lithified and coarse-grained wackestone and packstone (Palaeogene). Both laboratory and field spectral IP results showed that these differences c

Published
2020

29. Two-dimensional inversion of wideband spectral data from the capacitively coupled resistivity method – first applications in periglacial environments

Author

Mudler, Jan, Hördt, Andreas, Przyklenk, Anita, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Hauck, Christian, Mudler, Jan, Hördt, Andreas, Przyklenk, Anita, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, and Hauck, Christian

Abstract

The DC resistivity method is a common tool in periglacial research because it can delineate zones of large resistivities, which are often associated with frozen water. The interpretation can be ambiguous, however, because large resistivities may also have other causes, like solid dry rock. One possibility to reduce the ambiguity is to measure the frequency-dependent resistivity. At low frequencies (< 100 Hz) the corresponding method is called induced polarization, which has also been used in periglacial environments. For the detection and possibly quantification of water ice, a higher frequency range, between 100 Hz and 100 kHz, may be particularly interesting because in that range, the electrical properties of water ice exhibit a characteristic behaviour. In addition, the large frequencies allow a capacitive coupling of the electrodes, which may have logistical advantages. The capacitively coupled resistivity (CCR) method tries to combine these logistical advantages with the potential scientific benefit of reduced ambiguity. In this paper, we discuss CCR data obtained at two field sites with cryospheric influence: the Schilthorn massif in the Swiss Alps and the frozen Lake Prestvannet in the northern part of Norway. One objective is to add examples to the literature where the method is assessed in different conditions. Our results agree reasonably well with known subsurface structure: at the Prestvannet site, the transition from a frozen lake to the land is clearly visible in the inversion results, whereas at the Schilthorn site, the boundary between a snow cover and the bedrock below can be nicely delineated. In both cases, the electrical parameters are consistent with those expected from literature. The second objective is to discuss useful methodological advancements: first, we investigate the effect of capacitive sensor height above the surface and corroborate the assumption that it is negligible for highly resistive conditions. For the inversion of the data, w

Published
2019

30. A parallel computing thin-sheet inversion algorithm for airborne time-domain data utilising a variable overburden

Author

Boesen, Tue, Auken, Esben, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Fiandaca, Gianluca, and Schamper, Cyril

Subjects
Inversion, Electromagnetics, Modelling
Abstract

Accurate modelling of the conductivity structure of mineralisations can often be difficult. In order to remedy this, a parametric approach is often used. We have developed a parametric thin-sheet code, with a variable overburden. The code is capable of performing inversions of time-domain airborne electromagnetic data, and it has been tested successfully on both synthetic data and field data. The code implements an integral solution containing one or more conductive sheets, buried in a half-space with a laterally varying conductive overburden. This implementation increases the area of applicability compared to, for example, codes operating in free space, but it comes with a significant increase in computational cost. To minimise the cost, the code is parallelised using OpenMP and heavily optimised, which means that inversions of field data can be performed in hours on multiprocessor desktop computers. The code models the full system transfer function of the electromagnetic system, including variable flight height. The code is demonstrated with a synthetic example imitating a mineralisation buried underneath a conductive meadow. As a field example, the Valen mineral deposit, which is a graphite mineral deposit located in a variable overburden, is successfully inverted. Our results match well with previous models of the deposit; however, our predicted sheet remains inconclusive. These examples collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of our thin-sheet code.

Published
2018

37. Cross‐borehole geoelectrical time‐lapse monitoring of in situ chemical oxidation and permeability estimation through induced polarization.

Author

Bording, Thue, Kühl, Anders Kristian, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Christensen, Jørgen Fjeldsø, Christiansen, Anders Vest, and Auken, Esben

Subjects
OXIDATION, GEOMORPHOLOGY, POLARIZATION (Economics), JOB skills, ADOPTION
Abstract

Worldwide, soil contamination due to industrial activities is a major issue. One method for remediation of contaminated sites is in situ chemical oxidation, where an oxidizing agent is injected into the contaminated soil. Normally, monitoring wells are established in the remediation area for tracking the oxidizing agent. However, wells only provide point information of the injectant spread. This issue can be addressed using cross‐borehole resistivity and induced polarization tomography, by mapping the electrical properties in the entire remediation volume and by deriving, through petrophysical relations, the hydraulic properties of the medium. Here we present a proof‐of‐concept study, performed over one year as part of a larger remediation project, where resistivity and time‐domain induced polarization data were acquired among 10 boreholes, before and after two rounds of injection of oxidizing agents. The time‐lapse resistivity models, obtained through a focusing inversion scheme that favours compact time‐lapse changes, clearly show the oxidizing agent spread as highly conductive anomalies and confirmed by water conductivity measurements in boreholes. The time‐lapse inversions also show spatial variability in the injectant spread, with some areas not reached. The induced polarization data quality decreased significantly just after the injection rounds, because of the decrease in resistivity and induced polarization signal level, so that induced polarization time‐lapse inversions were not feasible. However, the induced polarization data were used for background characterization and to estimate permeability. In particular, there is a good match between the imaged low‐permeability zones and the areas in which the injectant did not spread, identified by the time‐lapse resistivity inversions. Furthermore, geological samples confirm the presence of fine‐grained sediments in the estimated low‐permeability zones. While time‐lapse resistivity tomography may be used for documenting the injectant spread, induced polarization permeability estimates prior to injection can be used to better tailor the remediation in terms of dimension and location of injection filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Hvordan kan 3D geologiske modeller bruges i forureningsundersøgelser?

Author

Møller, Ingelise, Høyer, Anne-Sophie, Klint, Knud Erik, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Balbarini, Nicola, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Møller, Mads George, Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Møller, Ingelise, Høyer, Anne-Sophie, Klint, Knud Erik, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Balbarini, Nicola, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Møller, Mads George, and Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup

Published
2018

39. 3D-kortlægning af hydraulisk ledningsevne med nye geofysiske målinger

Author

Christiansen, Anders Vest, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Møller, Ingelise, Auken, Esben, Balbarini, Nicola, Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Møller, Ingelise, Auken, Esben, Balbarini, Nicola, and Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup

Published
2018

40. Geofysik kortlægger grundvandsforurening

Author

Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Balbarini, Nicola, Rønde, Vinni Kampman, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Auken, Esben, Møller, Ingelise, Møller, Mads George, Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Balbarini, Nicola, Rønde, Vinni Kampman, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Auken, Esben, Møller, Ingelise, and Møller, Mads George

Published
2018

41. Geophysics Based Contaminant Mass Discharge Quantification Downgradient of a Landfill and a Former Pharmaceutical Factory

Author

Balbarini, Nicola, Rønde, Vinni Kampman, Maurya, Pradip, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Møller, Ingelise, Erik Klint, Knud, Christiansen, Anders V., Binning, Philip John, Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Balbarini, Nicola, Rønde, Vinni Kampman, Maurya, Pradip, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Møller, Ingelise, Erik Klint, Knud, Christiansen, Anders V., Binning, Philip John, and Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup

Abstract

Contaminant mass discharge is a commonly applied tool to evaluate the environmental impact of contaminated sites on water resources. At large contaminated sites with heterogeneous sources, such as landfills, the number of wells available is often not sufficient, leading to a high uncertainty of mass discharge estimates. In this study, we tackle the uncertainty of the contaminant mass discharge due to low sampling densities by interpolating limited water‐sample data with the support of surface Direct Current resistivity and Induced Polarization geophysical data. The method relies on finding a conceptual link between the bulk conductivity imaged from geophysics and the contaminant concentrations. We investigate the link between: 1) imaged bulk and electrical water conductivity, 2) water conductivity and conservative ionic species, 3) water conductivity and redox‐sensitive species, 4) water conductivity and semi‐persistent organic species, 5) water conductivity and biodegradable organic compounds. The method successfully identify similarities between the distribution of the bulk conductivity and chloride and pharmaceutical compounds in a landfill leachate plume and between the bulk conductivity data and benzene and chlorinated ethenes for a contaminant plume from a former pharmaceutical factory. Contaminant concentrations were interpolated through regression kriging, using geophysical data as the dependent variable. The distribution of concentration determined with the novel method showed a lower mean relative estimation error than the traditional method of kriging only contaminant concentration data. At large sites, the method can improve contaminant mass discharge estimates, especially if surface geophysical measurements are integrated in the site investigation at an early stage.

Published
2018

42. GEOCON – Et strategisk forskningsprojekt med udvikling og integrering af geofysiske målinger i forureningsundersøgelser

Author

Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Balbarini, Nicola, Rønde, Vinni Kampman, McKnight, Ursula S., Vest Christiansen, Anders, Auken, Esben, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Møller, Ingelise, Høyer , Anne-Sophie, Pjetursson, Bjarni, Klint, Knud Erik, Pedersen, Jørn Kristian, Fjeldsø Christensen, Jørgen, Birch Hansen, Tom, Pedersen, Jes, Møller, Mads George, Vendelbo Frandsen, John, Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup, Balbarini, Nicola, Rønde, Vinni Kampman, McKnight, Ursula S., Vest Christiansen, Anders, Auken, Esben, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Møller, Ingelise, Høyer , Anne-Sophie, Pjetursson, Bjarni, Klint, Knud Erik, Pedersen, Jørn Kristian, Fjeldsø Christensen, Jørgen, Birch Hansen, Tom, Pedersen, Jes, Møller, Mads George, and Vendelbo Frandsen, John

Abstract

Det danske samfund bruger hvert år mange midler på at undersøge, risikovurdere og oprense forurenede grunde. Det er derfor vigtigt, at vi konstant forbedrer de undersøgelser, der ligger til grund for, hvorledes vi risikovurderer og prioriterer de mange forurenede grunde til oprensning.

Published
2018

44. AEMIP robust inversion using maximum phase angle Cole–Cole model re-parameterisation applied for HTEM survey over Lamego gold mine, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, MG, Brazil.

Author

Couto Junior, Marco Antonio, Fiandaca, Gianluca, Maurya, Pradip Kumar, Christiansen, Anders Vest, Porsani, Jorge Luís, and Auken, Esben

Subjects
*GOLD mining, *INVERSE problems, *GRAPHITE, *CARBONACEOUS aerosols
Abstract

This paper presents the results of airborne electromagnetic induced polarisation inversions using the Maximum Phase Angle (MPA) model for a helicopter time domain survey in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero area, Minas Gerais State (MG), Brazil. The inversions were conducted using a laterally constrained robust scheme, in order to decrease the difficulties to recover the multi-parametric model in a very ill-posed inverse problem, often found in induced polarisation studies. A set of six flight lines over the Lamego gold mine mineralised structure were inverted using the MPA re-parameterisation of the Cole–Cole model and also the classical resistivity-only parameterisation, in order to understand the implications of the induced polarisation effect in the data and, consequently, in the resistivity model. A synthetic study was also conducted, seeking to understand what to expect from the resistivity-only inversions in the real data. According to borehole lithological data and previous structural knowledge from the literature, the results from the Maximum Phase Angle approach indicate an important chargeable body that seems to be in good agreement with a sulfide enriched carbonaceous/graphite and altered mafic unities, which are important markers for the gold mineralisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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45. SAGEEP 2018 papers with only a paragraph abstract

Author

Malehmir, A., primary, Pasanen, A., additional, Sims, A., additional, Brownley, Aaron, additional, Fukuda, Aaron, additional, Raef, Abdelmoneam, additional, Alhaj, Abdullah, additional, Smiarowski, Adam, additional, Aydin, Adnan, additional, Behroozmand, Ahmad-Ali, additional, Lachhab, Ahmed, additional, Hunter, Alan, additional, Morgan, Alan, additional, McClymont, Alastair, additional, Khamzin, Aleksey, additional, Cirone, Alessandro, additional, Oshkin, Alexander, additional, Saraev, Alexander, additional, Simakov, Alexander, additional, Davatzes, Alexandra, additional, Kordjazi, Alireza, additional, Liénard, Amandine, additional, Esmaeilzadeh, Amin, additional, Radjaee, Amir, additional, Collick, Amy, additional, Shober, Amy, additional, Christiansen, Anders V., additional, Pugin, Andre J. M., additional, Duncan, Andrew, additional, Katumwehe, Andrew, additional, Parsekian, Andrew, additional, Schwartz, Andrew, additional, Teeple, Andrew, additional, Konkov, Andrey, additional, Aguilar, Andrez, additional, Wagner, Anna, additional, Hantson, Anne-Lise, additional, Ebigbo, Anozie, additional, Buda, Anthony, additional, Pozdnyakova, Antonina, additional, Song, Ao, additional, Mangolds, Arnis, additional, Shlykov, Arseny, additional, Allen, Arthur, additional, Trembanis, Arthur, additional, Espana, Aubrey, additional, Devalckeneer, Aude, additional, Sullivan, Bane, additional, Dietiker, Barbara, additional, Allred, Barry, additional, Zelt, Barry, additional, Hoekstra, Bart, additional, Bloss, Benjamin, additional, Miller, Benjamin, additional, Seiderman, Benjamin, additional, Wallen, Benjamin, additional, Guillier, Bertrand, additional, Parker, Beth, additional, Jin, Biao, additional, Liu, Bin, additional, Song, Bing, additional, Wang, Bo, additional, Selfridge, Bob, additional, Pratap, Bohara, additional, Forsythe, Brandon, additional, Tober, Brandon, additional, Ewers, Brent, additional, Clark, Brian, additional, Ingamells, Brian, additional, Junck, Brian, additional, McPherson, Brian, additional, Passerella, Brian, additional, Mark, Bryan, additional, Minsley, Burke, additional, Finco, Cécile, additional, Juhlin, C., additional, Russ, Cameron, additional, Brandt, Carol, additional, Johnson, Carole, additional, DuVal, Carter, additional, SuoLiang, Chang, additional, Holzschuher, Charles, additional, Zhang, Chi, additional, Tsai, Chia-Hsing, additional, Park, Choon, additional, Bryant, Chris, additional, Linick, Chris, additional, Vogt, Christian, additional, Buckman, Christopher, additional, Yu, Chuan-tao, additional, Wang, Chuanwu, additional, Kirkendall, Clay, additional, Steelman, Colby, additional, Miazga, Colin, additional, Sweeney, Colin, additional, Armstrong, Connor, additional, Cearley, Cooper, additional, Moulton, Craig, additional, Murray, Craig, additional, Castanha, Cristina, additional, Schamper, Cyril, additional, Li, Dahu, additional, Rucker, Dale, additional, Glaser, Dan, additional, Sirota, Dana, additional, Beverly, Daniel, additional, Brown, Daniel, additional, Cook, Daniel, additional, Plotnick, Daniel, additional, Sternlicht, Daniel, additional, McPhee, Darcy, additional, Motazedian, Dariush, additional, Hall, Darrell, additional, Mortimer, Darren, additional, Hume, Dave, additional, Huntley, Dave, additional, Walsh, Dave, additional, Gunn, David, additional, Hisz, David, additional, Millar, David, additional, Redman, David, additional, Schafer, David, additional, Schieck, David, additional, Vales, David, additional, Valintine, David, additional, Wallace, David, additional, Wishart, DeBonne, additional, Keiswetter, Dean, additional, Pinkham, Derek, additional, Ntalagiannis, Dimitrios, additional, Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios, additional, Tang, Dongchun, additional, Kutrubes, Doria, additional, Oldenburg, Douglas, additional, Thayer, Drew, additional, Robbins, Dustin, additional, Hart, Dylan, additional, Klazinga, Dylan, additional, Behrendt, E., additional, Lundberg, E., additional, Woolery, Edward, additional, Fukushima, Eiichi, additional, Goggin, Elise, additional, Menezes, Elizabeth, additional, Grunewald, Elliot, additional, Oware, Erasmus, additional, White, Eric, additional, Fischell, Erin, additional, Auken, Esben, additional, Zibulski, Eugen, additional, Torgashov, Evgeniy, additional, Zhang, F., additional, Rejiba, Fayçal, additional, Aiwekhoe, Felix, additional, Zhang, Fengkai, additional, Santos, Fernando Monteiro, additional, Kunkel, Forrest, additional, Colwell, Frederick, additional, Shubitidze, Fridon, additional, Plastow, Geoffrey, additional, Alsulaimai, Ghassan, additional, Fiandaca, Gianluca, additional, Colinet, Gilles, additional, Pope, Gina, additional, Paige, Ginger, additional, Crookston, Glenna, additional, Abrams, Greg, additional, Jorgensen, Greg, additional, Mount, Gregory, additional, Schultz, Gregory, additional, Street, Gregory, additional, Galan-Comas, Gustavo, additional, Parkin, H. Scott, additional, Nelson, Herb, additional, Liu, Haidong, additional, Yu, Haizhong, additional, Flamme, Hanna, additional, Xie, Hao, additional, Li, He, additional, Crow, Heather, additional, Speckman, Heather, additional, Willever, Heather, additional, Büsing, Henrik, additional, Yao, Hongchun, additional, Cai, Hongzhu, additional, Knox, Hunter, additional, Gottschalk, Ian Paul, additional, Shamatava, Irma, additional, Fage, Isaac, additional, Scheibz, Jürgen, additional, Park, J. Daniel, additional, Jennings, J., additional, Kaipio, J., additional, Gerhard, J.I., additional, Tronicke, J., additional, Adelson, Jordan, additional, Desmond, Jack, additional, Sheehan, Jacob, additional, Cannia, James, additional, Harris, James, additional, Hayes, James, additional, Rigby, James, additional, Simms, Janet, additional, Abraham, Jared, additional, Abraham, Jared D., additional, Payne, Jason, additional, Mugnier, Jean Louis, additional, Legault, Jean M., additional, Collet, Jean-Marie, additional, Barlow, Jeannie, additional, Abiva, Jeannine, additional, Gamey, Jeff, additional, Leberfinger, Jeffrey, additional, McKenzie, Jeffrey, additional, Munsey, Jeffrey, additional, Paine, Jeffrey, additional, Fontaine, Jeremy, additional, Pedersen, Jesper, additional, Meyer, Jessica, additional, Hu, Jiahao, additional, Sun, Jiajun, additional, Pfeiffer, Jim, additional, Keranen, Joe, additional, Ochs, Johanna, additional, Ferguson, John, additional, Herrmann, John, additional, Holt, John, additional, Jackson, John, additional, Jansen, John, additional, Kick, John, additional, Lane, John, additional, Mundell, John, additional, Miller, Jonathan, additional, Nyquist, Jonathan, additional, Wolf, Jonathan, additional, Bergstrom, Jorgen, additional, Coe, Joseph, additional, Panzik, Joseph, additional, Robinson, Judy, additional, Guillemoteau, Julien, additional, Ohan, Juliette, additional, Zhang, Jun, additional, Lee, Junghwoon, additional, Shelton, Justin, additional, Lu, Kailiang, additional, McKinley, Kate, additional, Pappas, Katherine, additional, Clark, Kathryn, additional, Decker, Kathryn, additional, Shang, Ke, additional, Sorota, Keith, additional, Maaten, Keith Van Der, additional, Enriquez, Kelly, additional, Merrill, Kelvey, additional, Maser, Ken, additional, Melton, Ken, additional, Carroll, Kenneth, additional, Williams, Kenneth, additional, Hathaway, Kent, additional, Fan, Kerui, additional, Brewer, Kevin, additional, Hon, Kevin, additional, Kingdon, Kevin, additional, Stafford, Kevin, additional, Williams, Kevin, additional, Haramy, Khamis, additional, Maharaj, Kian, additional, Davis, Kim, additional, Mwakanyamale, Kisa, additional, Tsakirmpaloglou, Konstantinos, additional, Takeuchi, Kouki, additional, Smith, Kristen, additional, Bryson, L. Sebastian, additional, Trento, L.M., additional, Ellis, Lacey, additional, Liu, Lanbo, additional, Clark, Lane, additional, Owsley, Lane, additional, He, Lanfang, additional, Golovko, Larisa, additional, Braile, Larry, additional, Lautz, Laura, additional, Sherrod, Laura, additional, Toran, Laura, additional, Beran, Laurens, additional, Slater, Lee, additional, Chen, Lei, additional, Pasion, Leonard, additional, Pozdnyakov, Lev, additional, Doyle, Liam, additional, Liu, Lichao, additional, Nie, Lichao, additional, Song, Lin-Ping, additional, Steele, Lincoln, additional, Heagy, Lindsey, additional, Madsen, Line Meldgaard, additional, Pellerin, Louise, additional, Martinez, Luis, additional, Kass, M. Andy, additional, McMaster, M., additional, Alam, MD, additional, Kymes, Madison, additional, Kotikian, Maneh, additional, Kleine, Marco de, additional, DUPREZ, Marie-Eve, additional, Carnevale, Mario, additional, Karaoulis, Marios, additional, Conradi, Mark, additional, Domaracki, Mark, additional, King, Mark, additional, Ralston, Matt, additional, Barner, Matthew, additional, Brawner, Matthew, additional, Jackson, Matthew, additional, Totten, Matthew, additional, Chapman, Melinda, additional, Best, Melvyn, additional, Bares, Michael, additional, Hendry, Michael, additional, Madcharo, Michael, additional, May, Michael, additional, Rohrer, Michael, additional, Sharer, Michael, additional, Oladunjoye, Micheal, additional, Kimball, Mindy, additional, Oyan, Mohammad Najmush Sakib, additional, Danforth, Myles, additional, Fantello, Nadia, additional, Shields, Nathaniel, additional, Eash, Neal, additional, Diamanti, Nectaria, additional, Anderson, Neil, additional, Sowko, Nicholas, 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Asch, Theodore H., additional, Martin, Thierry, additional, Kelleners, Thijs, additional, Bell, Thomas, additional, Chauveau, Thomas, additional, Hiller, Thomas, additional, Kremer, Thomas, additional, Hansen, Thomas Mejer, additional, Sexton, Thomas, additional, Rogers, Tim, additional, Lähivaara, Timo, additional, Cartwright, Timothy, additional, Johnson, Timothy, additional, Marston, Timothy, additional, Lin, Tingting, additional, Furuya, Tom, additional, King, Tom, additional, Pallesen, Tom Martlev, additional, Endres, Tony, additional, Moraes, Tony, additional, Bach, Torben, additional, Eiskjær, Tore, additional, Morii, Toshihiro, additional, Irons, Trevor, additional, Chernov, Vadim, additional, Ignatev, Vladimir, additional, Kress, Wade, additional, Caldwell, Warren, additional, Liu, Weiqiang, additional, Wang, Weizhong, additional, Li, Wenhan, additional, Zhang, Wenyuan, additional, Brown, Wesley, additional, Trainor-Guitton, Whitney, additional, Doll, William, additional, 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2018
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