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Objective: To explore the evolution of orthodontics with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), highlighting past achievements and future directions in diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient engagement. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted to examine the historical progression of orthodontics, with a specific focus on the transformative role of AI. Key areas of focus include diagnostic accuracy, virtual surgical planning, and teledentistry. The review also discusses the clinical and non-clinical applications of AI in orthodontics and the challenges faced in its widespread adoption. Results: AI has significantly improved diagnostic precision through automated cephalometric analyses. Personalized treatment planning and AI-driven virtual simulations have optimized orthognathic surgery. AI tools enhance patient communication and engagement through virtual assistants and telemedicine platforms. Challenges such as data security, ethical concerns, and financial barriers limit AI's seamless integration into orthodontics. Conclusion: AI is revolutionizing orthodontics, enhancing diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient experience. Despite significant advancements, the integration of AI requires careful consideration of ethical, financial, and data security issues to ensure responsible and sustainable use in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective: A contemporary concept states that dental midline deviation towards the direction of facial flow line (FFL) can mask the compromised smile esthetics. This study aimed to identify a range of midline deviations that can be perceived towards or away from the FFL influencing smile esthetics. Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a frontal smile photograph of an adult female. The photograph was altered on Adobe Photoshop software into six different photographs by deviating the dental midlines towards and away from the FFL. A constant deviation of chin towards the left side was incorporated in all the photographs. Forty‐three laypersons (LP) and dental professionals (DPs) evaluated those photographs. Independent t‐test was used to compare the perception of dental midline deviation between LP and DPs. Simple linear regression was run to identify the factors associated with the scoring. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed for picture two with 4 mm towards FFL in the perception of midline deviation between LP and DPs. LP could not perceive the midline deviations up to 4 mm while DPs were able to perceive deviations above 2 mm. The greater the age the better the scores were and female raters had a greater inclination towards poor scores. Conclusions: From 2 to 4 mm of midline deviation towards the FFL can be tolerated by LP and DPs. Clinical Significance: These findings underscore the importance of considering facial symmetry in orthodontic and cosmetic dental treatments to optimize smile esthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the nose and chin on the cephalometric lip profile. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 177 adult patients with no history of orthodontic treatment were manually traced. The sample size was divided into three vertical and horizontal groups using angle ANB and MMA to assess the difference in nose and chin forms. The horizontal and vertical groups were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis. The Independent sample t -test and Mann–Whitney U were used for comparison between the two genders. The correlation of nose and chin with E, S line, and nasolabial angle was done using the Spearman correlation coefficient while the effect was assessed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the nasal variables, columellar length inversely affects the linear position of the upper lip and this was statistically significant. The nasolabial angle is also affected by the inclination of the nasal base and this was statistically significant. The linear distance of the soft tissue chin in relation to the maxilla has the most effect on the position of the upper lip. It is notable that all hard and soft tissue chin variables inversely affected the linear position of the upper and lower lips. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative measure of the effect of the nose and chin on lips is important as it allows clinicians to determine the overall effect of adjunctive procedures at pretreatment levels. Thus, corrective procedures such as rhinoplasty or genioplasty can be done at pre-orthodontic treatment stages to create a better treatment plan for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocrinopathies have a variety of orofacial presentations which span from dental malocclusion to facial disfigurement. These characteristics depend on the nature and severity of the condition. An orthodontist should understand the body’s physiological processes to be able to timely determine the optimum intervention and plan treatment stages accordingly in compromised individuals. Communication between the two specialties should be well coordinated and should help facilitate quality health care to the patient. This review was aimed to impart the basic knowledge and the pivotal guidelines for orthodontic management in these conditions. Systemic conditions require multidisciplinary management and the dental team should aim to provide quality oral health care to enhance the overall quality of life and the orthodontist plays a vital role in helping patients achieve physical and psychological health.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to understand the relationship between midline deviations and the inherent asymmetry that can be observed in a human face. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a frontal smile photograph of a female which was altered on Adobe Photoshop software version 23.0 into eight different photographs by deviating the dental midlines by 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm towards and away from the facial flow line (FFL). 4 mm of chin deviation was incorporated in all the pictures except for the first picture in which the midline and chin were kept symmetric. Orthodontic residents evaluated those photographs on an interrupted visual analogue scale (VAS) with 0 being the least attractive and 10 being the most. Simple linear regression was applied to observe factors associated with VAS score. RESULTS: Highest score was observed for picture with midline and chin on (MLCon) with a score of 9.4 ± 0.7, followed by picture with midline on and chin deviated (MLon) 8.7 ± 0.8. The deviations towards green zone received higher scores in comparison to deviations towards red zone. Linear regression revealed highly statistically significant differences between the constant and the rest of the pictures. CONCLUSIONS: The formation of green and red zones by the FFL influences the perception of midline deviation as judged by orthodontic residents. Midline when deviated towards the green zone, was judged to be more aesthetic than when shifted towards the red zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]