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Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) stand out as a remarkable subclass of ionic liquids (ILs), combining the desirable features of traditional ILs with the unique ability to respond to external magnetic fields. The incorporation of paramagnetic species into their structures endows them with additional attractive features, including thermochromic behavior and luminescence. These exceptional properties position MILs as highly promising materials for diverse applications, such as gas capture, DNA extractions, and sensing technologies. The present Review synthesizes key experimental findings, offering insights into the structural, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties across various MIL families. Special emphasis is placed on unraveling the influence of different paramagnetic species on MILs' behavior and functionality. Additionally, the Review highlights recent advancements in computational approaches applied to MIL research. By leveraging molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, these computational techniques have provided invaluable insights into the underlying mechanisms governing MILs' behavior, facilitating accurate property predictions. In conclusion, this Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on MILs, showcasing their special properties and potential applications while highlighting the indispensable role of computational methods in unraveling the complexities of these intriguing materials. The Review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the future directions of research in the field of magnetic ionic liquids.

Background and Purpose: To determine the incidence of acute neuroimaging (NI) findings and comorbidities in the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)-infected subjects in seven U.S. and four European hospitals., Methods: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19-positive subjects with the following inclusion criteria: age >18, lab-confirmed COVID-19 infection, and acute NI findings (NI+) attributed to COVID-19 on CT or MRI brain. NI+ and comorbidities in total hospitalized COVID-19-positive (TN) subjects were assessed., Results: A total of 37,950 COVID-19-positive subjects were reviewed and 4342 underwent NI. NI+ incidence in subjects with NI was 10.1% (442/4342) including 7.9% (294/3701) in the United States and 22.8% (148/647) in Europe. NI+ incidence in TN was 1.16% (442/37,950). In NI (4342), incidence of ischemic stroke was 6.4% followed by intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (3.8%), encephalitis (0.5%), sinus venous thrombosis (0.2%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (0.2%). White matter involvement was seen in 57% of NI+. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (54%) before cardiac disease (28.8%) and diabetes mellitus (27.7%). Cardiac disease (p < .025), diabetes (p < .014), and chronic kidney disease (p < .012) were more common in the United States., Conclusion: This multicenter, multinational study investigated the incidence and spectrum of NI+ in 37,950 hospitalized adult COVID-19 subjects including regional differences in incidences of NI+, associated comorbidities, and other demographics. NI+ incidence in TN was 1.16% including 0.95% in the United States and 2.09% in Europe. ICH, encephalitis, and ADEM were common in Europe, while ischemic strokes were more common in the United States. In this cohort, incidence and distribution of NI+ helped characterize the neurological complications of COVID-19., (© 2023 American Society of Neuroimaging.)

Metal-coated plastic parts are replacing traditional metallic materials in the automotive industry. Sputtering is an alternative technology that is more environmentally friendly than electrolytic coatings. Most metalized plastic parts are coated with a thin metal layer (~100-200 nm). In this work, the challenge is to achieve thicker films without cracking or without other defects, such as pinholes or pores. Chromium coatings with different thicknesses were deposited onto two different substrates, polycarbonate with and without a base coat, using dc magnetron sputtering in an atmosphere of Ar. Firstly, in order to improve the coating adhesion on the polymer surface, a plasma etching treatment was applied. The coatings were characterized for a wide thickness range from 800 nm to 1600 nm. As the thickness of the coatings increased, there was an increase in the specular reflectivity and roughness of the coatings and changes in morphology due to the columnar growth of the film and a progressive increase in thermal stresses. Furthermore, a decrease in the hardness and the number of pinholes was noticed. The maximum thickness achieved without forming buckling defects was 1400 nm. The tape tests confirmed that every deposited coating showed a good interface adhesion to both polymers.

Pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms) can survive up to a few days on surfaces and can propagate through surfaces in high percentages, and thus, these surfaces turn into a primary source of pathogen transmission. To prevent and mitigate pathogen transmission, antimicrobial surfaces seem to be a promising option that can be prepared by using resilient, mass-produced polymers with partly embedded antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled size. In the present study, a 6 nm thick Ag nanolayer was sputter deposited on polycarbonate (PC) substrate and then thermally annealed, in a first step at 120 °C (temperature below Tg) for two hours, for promoting NP diffusion and growth, and in a second step at 180 °C (temperature above Tg) for 22 h, for promoting thermal embedding of the NPs into the polymer surface. The variation in the height of NPs on the polymer surface with thermal annealing confirms the embedding of NPs. It was shown that the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) had a great impact on the antibacterial capacity, as the Ag NP-embedded polymer surface presented an inhibition effect on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The tested surface-engineering process of incorporating antimicrobial Ag NPs in a polymer surface is both cost-effective and highly scalable.

This work aims at unravelling the interactions in magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) by applying Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) calculations, as well as based on those to set-up a polarisable force field model for these liquids. The targeted MILs comprise two different cations, namely: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim] + ) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim] + ), along with several metal halides anions such as [FeCl 4 ] - , [FeBr 4 ] - , [ZnCl 3 ] - and [SnCl 4 ] 2- To begin with, DFT geometry optimisations of such MILs were performed, which in turn revealed that the metallic anions prefer to stay close to the region of the carbon atom between the nitrogen atoms in the imidazolium fragment. Then, a SAPT study was carried out to find the optimal separation of the monomers and the different contributions for their interaction energy. It was found that the main contribution to the interaction energy is the electrostatic interaction component, followed by the dispersion one in most of the cases. The SAPT results were compared with those obtained by employing the local energy decomposition scheme based on the DLPNO-CCSD(T) method, the latter showing slightly lower values for the interaction energy as well as an increase of the distance between the minima centres of mass. Finally, the calculated SAPT interaction energies were found to correlate well with the melting points experimentally measured for these MILs.

The applicability of deep eutectic solvents is determined by their physicochemical properties. In turn, the properties of eutectic mixtures are the result of the components' molar ratio and chemical composition. Owing to the relatively low viscosities displayed by alcohol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), their application in industry is more appealing. Modeling the composition-property relationships established in polyalcohol-based mixtures is crucial for both understanding and predicting their behavior. In this work, a physicochemical property-structure comparison study is made between four choline chloride polyalcohol-based DESs, namely, ethaline, propeline, propaneline, and glyceline. Physicochemical properties obtained from molecular dynamic simulations are compared to experimental data, whenever possible. The simulations cover the temperature range from 298.15 to 348.15 K. The simulated and literature experimental data are generally in good agreement for all the studied DESs. Structural properties, such as radial and spatial distribution functions, coordination numbers, hydrogen bond donor (HBD)-HBD aggregate formation, and hydrogen bonding are analyzed in detail. The higher prevalence of HBD:HBD and HBD:anion hydrogen bonds is likely to be the major reason for the relatively high density and viscosity of glyceline as well as for lower DES self-diffusions.

The poor adhesion and chemical and thermal stability of plasmonic nanostructures deposited on solid surfaces are a hindrance to the longevity and long-term development of robust localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based systems. In this paper, we have deposited gold (Au) nanolayers with thicknesses above the percolation limit over glass substrates and have used a thermal annealing treatment at a temperature above the substrate's glass transition temperature to promote the dewetting, recrystallization, and thermal embedding of Au nanoparticles (NPs). Due to the partial embedding in glass, the NPs were strongly adherent to the surface of the substrate and were able to resist to the commonly used cleaning procedures and mechanical adhesion tests alike. The reflectivity of the embedded nanostructures was studied and shown to be strongly dependent on the NP size/shape distributions and on the degree of NP embedding. Strong optical scattering bands with increasing width and redshifted LSPR peak position were observed with the Au content. Refractive index sensitivity (RIS) values between 150 and 360 nm/RIU (concerning LSPR band edge shift) or between 32 and 72 nm/RIU (concerning LSPR peak position shift) were obtained for the samples having narrower LSPR extinction bands. These robust LSPR sensors can be used following a simple excitation/detection scheme consisting of a reflectance measurement at a fixed angle and wavelength.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gas sensors are gaining increasing importance due to their unique tuneable functional properties. Au-WO 3-x nanocomposite coatings, in particular, can be outstandingly sensitive to many different gases. However, a proper understanding of their optical properties and the way in which those properties are correlated to their structure/microstructure, is still needed. In this work, Au-WO 3 nanocomposite coatings, with Au contents between 0-11 atomic percent, were grown using reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique and were characterized concerning their optical response. The precipitation of Au nanoparticles in the oxide matrix was promoted through thermal annealing treatments until 500 °C. Along with the Au nanoparticles' morphological changes, the annealing treatments stimulated the crystallization of WO 3 , together with the appearance of oxygen-deficient WO 3-x phases. Through theoretical simulations, we have related the LSPR effect with the different structural and morphological variations (namely, size and distribution of the nanoparticles and their local environment), which were a function of the Au content and annealing temperature. Our results suggest that local voids were present in the vicinity of the Au nanoparticles, for all temperature range, and that they should be present in a wide variety of Au-WO 3 nanocomposites. A theoretical study concerning the refractive index sensitivity was carried out in order to predict the optimal coating design parameters for gas sensing experiments.

Objectives: To identify the body elements of the teacher that influence the teaching-learning process and to analyze their effects on university nursing students., Methods: Qualitative research with descriptive approach implemented through a dramatic play dynamics. In the second half of 2015, sixteen students from a private university center located in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) participated in the study. The data processing was carried out by using Bardin's theoretical and analytical framework., Results: Four decoding units were created. They verse about the teacher's positioning, body movements, eyes, facial expressions as well as the clothes used to teach nursing., Conclusions: The teacher's elements are capable of generating effects that influence the process of learning nursing. This leads us to believe that the body should continue to be an object of study and discussion in the higher education of nurses., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Universidad de Antioquia.)

The present qualitative study was conducted in the second semester of 2014 via interviews with 12 doctors and 13 nurses working as managers at a large hospital that serves as a reference center for urgent and emergent care in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study sought to identify the criteria that doctors and nurses use to discharge individuals with disabling neurological injury with instructions related to accessing physical rehabilitation programs. Thematic content analysis was used to examine data. The results show that the participating hospital managers still have difficulties providing adequate referrals to specialized rehabilitation services and that their patients' autonomy and independence for self-care are impaired as a result. We concluded that in addition to involving relatives and other caregivers in the discharge of patients with a neurological injury that impairs their self-care abilities, managers should assess the accessibility of the patient's home and make adequate referrals to rehabilitation services in the community in light of the poor dispersal of information about what is available within the Care for People with Disability Network.

Objective:: to verify whether comatose patients feel pain during the bed bath nursing procedure., Method:: nineteen patients aged 61 ± 17.39 years participated in the study. A quantitative analysis was conducted on the P substance (PS) in the saliva collected before and during a bed bath, using the ELISA method. Program Graph Pad Prisma 6 was used to analyze the data. The verification of normality was made through the Shapiro Wilk test, which determined the choice for the Wilcoxon nonparametric test., Results:: the study showed a statistically significant increase (∆= 5.62%, p<0.001) in the PS level of the patients studied during the nursing procedure., Conclusion:: when caring for comatose patients during a bed bath, professionals cause or add painful stimuli; therefore, they feel pain.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that leads to bone fragility and is associated with fracture risks and serious consequences for mobility., Objective: To verify the effects of two linear programs of resistance training (RT) on bone mineral density (BMD), functional autonomy (FA), muscular strength and quality of life (QoL) of postmenopausal women in pharmacological treatment., Study Design: Randomized controlled trial, code: RBR-6bqsw8., Methods: 52 volunteers were distributed into three groups, according to randomly parallel form: RT3times-per-week (RT3, n=20); RT2times-per-week (RT2, n=16) and control group (CG, n=16). The following assessment tools were used: bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry, 'Latin America Group for maturity' (GDLAM) protocol for FA, 10RM test for leg exercises and the 'Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire' (OPAQ) for QoL. The physical activities were planned for 13 months in cycles with different intensities. A two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test were used., Results: The results showed that the RT3/week was significantly more efficient (p<0.05) compared with RT2/week, including: All BMD variables, FA (Δ%=29.3%), leg press at 45° (Δ%=24.97%) and OPAQ (Δ%=20.23%). In addition, both RT3 and RT2 groups were more efficient (p<0.05) compared with CG, including: total BMD (Δ%=0.09%) and (Δ%=0.06%); FA (Δ%=7.1%) and RT2 (Δ%=3.78%); Leg press at 45° (Δ%=84.1%) and (Δ%=59.1%); keen extension (Δ%=15.28%) and (Δ%=20.37%); OPAQ (Δ%=57.61%) and (Δ%=37.37%), respectively., Conclusion: The study showed that both experimental groups presented favorable results for BMD, strength, FA and QoL. However, the RT3 showed the best results compared to other groups after 13 months of intervention., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The study aimed to assess the effects of a music therapy program on the level of stress for female professionals working in a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. Thirty four female volunteers with 33.3 ± 8.5 years of age from different levels of professional participated in the study. We used the Lipp's inventory of symptoms of stress for adults (ISSL) to evaluate the level of stress of participants before and after music therapy. The program consisted of twelve sessions using the techniques of music therapy Improvisation and Musical Re-creation held once a week with 50 minutes / session in a period of three months. The Wilcoxon test for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. The study showed a statistically significant decrease (Δ = - 60%, p <0.001) in the level of stress professionals studied after the music therapy program. In conclusion, the present study that the music therapy program was effective in decrease the level of stress of women health professionals working in a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.

The main goal of this descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach is to present the number of patients severely burned in alcohol plastic bottle explosions that have been cared for between 2000 and 2002 by the nursing staff of a Rio de Janeiro hospital that is a reference for the treatment of this kind of accident. The data was gathered from the nursing note book. The authors emphasize that the media refers to these victims as "burned by alcohol" rather than "burned by a bomb", since alcohol plastic bottles are potential bombs. The authors conclude that much suffering could be avoided through an effective, clear, and above all responsible communication.

Research on the scientific production on Hospital Nursing published by REBEn., Objectives: Classify the articles published from 1951 to 2001 and analyze this Review as a space for the diffusion of knowledge in that area., References: Concept of cultural diffusion and its constituent historical processes., Instrument: Form applied in 254 articles. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics and led to the following categories: "production of articles in the concerning areas", "articles' scope", "types of articles", and "articles' origin". Our findings showed significant scientific production in those areas within the focused scopes and types of articles. Our conclusions indicate REBEn as a representative space of national diffusion of knowledge on hospital nursing and professional culture, contributing to the development of Nursing as a science.

It is an essay about Care, basis of the practice and research, as place of invention, test, criticism and reconstruction of the Nursing specific knowledge. Health and well-being, quality, "L'état de l'art" and, yet, the experience of caring at the patients and Nurses' bodies are discussed.

Nursing is the science and the art of caring of the human being and it has to consider that this human being, in an integrated way, has psychological, social, biological and spiritual needs. We understand sexuality as an important dimension of the human being which requires attention considering a holistic assistance. From these principles, we have attempted to research next to a Rio de Janeiro city school hospital nurses, how these professionals deal with the sexual body and the hospitalized client sexuality expression in the context of the daily care provided for him. We have performed 10 non-structured interviews and proceeded to the analysis of their speeches contents. The analysis showed that the nurses when providing direct care to clients, regarding his sexuality, they experience difficulties that must be overdrawn so they can perform care. During the results follow-up, the nurses refer to make use of 'strategies' that hide the client's sexuality expression and demonstrate to be fully unprepared to deal with such situations. Such 'strategies' show that in the disciplined hospital space, there is no overture for the understanding of a body with historical, social and cultural scars; there is no room to deal with questions which take to emotion and human subjectiveness realms. We do believe that there is a need of treating the hospitalized client sexuality in critical and contextualized discussions linked to social and cultural fields. These discussions must be done both in care praxis to client and professional degree.