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This paper presents a comparative analysis on the historical process of nation-building in Romania and Ukraine, highlighting the role of state and non-state actors and the path taken by both countries that led them to the current day situation. This comparison will explore the role of socio-cultural prerequisites in each country’s transition, specifically civil society and social movements., {"references":["Aliyev, H. (2017). When Informal Institutions Change. University of Michigan Press. doi:10.3998/mpub.8772004","Andrukhovych, Y. (2020). The Festival Age: Origins of a Phenomenon. IWMpost 126: Democracy in Question. Retrieved from IWMpost.","Bădescu, G., & Uslaner, E. (2004). Civil Society Development and Democratic Values in Romania and Moldova. East European Polity and Societies, 18(2).","Baker, S. (2006). Changing times. The countries in transition in Eastern Europe. Sustainable Development, 186-210.","Barany, Z. D. (2004, January). NATO's Peaceful Advance. 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