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Abstract Background The benefits of physical activity (PA) and adequate sleep are well documented, and their importance strengthens with the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity (MM). Interventions to promote physical activity and sleep that use commercial activity trackers may be useful non-pharmacological approaches to managing individual health; however, limited evidence exists on their use to improve physical activity in older adult patients with MM. Methods This study aims to measure the effects of behavioral change techniques (BCTs) delivered by a wearable device on physical activity and quality of sleep (QS) in older adult patients with MM. We designed an open-label randomized controlled trial with participants recruited through primary care and a specialist outpatient clinic. Participants must be more than 65 years old, have MM, and have access to smartphones. All eligible participants will receive PA promotion content and will be randomly assigned to wear a smartwatch. The primary outcome will be the participants’ PA measurement at baseline and at six months using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Secondary outcomes will include changes in the participants’ frailty status, biometric measurements, quality of life, and biopsychosocial assessments. A sample size of 40 participants per arm was calculated to detect group differences, with 50 participants planned to recruit and randomize into each arm. Discussion This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of PA patterns and the impact of wearable-based PA interventions in patients with MM. In addition, we aim to contribute to more knowledge about the relationship between PA patterns, Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs), and healthcare resource utilization in patients with MM. To achieve this, the study will leverage a locally developed PROMs registry and assess data from participants’ medical records, in order to understand the added impact of wearable data and medical information data on predicting PROMs and unplanned hospital admissions. Trial registration NCT05777291

AA contribuição de Dietrich Bonhoeffer para a teologia do século XX é imensurável pela sua dedicação pastoral à igreja cristã, bem como pelo empenho e rigor acadêmico e teológico que ele teve, o que faz com que sua teologia seja difundida e trabalhada em diversas partes do mundo, de forma aberta, ecumênica e crítica. O mártir luterano é o assunto principal deste artigo, sobretudo no que concerne a uma percepção do seu pensamento sobre a esperança. Como objetivo, o artigo propõe uma leitura ainda pouco explorada de Bonhoeffer à luz dessa temática, apenas abordada de forma mais contundente em Ética, mais especificamente nos conceitos de “último”, “penúltimo” e “preparação de caminho”. A partir desses conceitos, defende-se o agir responsável como o resultado da tensão escatológica entre o derradeiro e o penúltimo, isto é, prepara-se o caminho para que o penúltimo aceite sua realidade última, que virá – está vindo –, e dela obtenha dignidade e valor. A partir de uma metodologia bibliográfica exploratória e qualitativa dos escritos do autor, o trabalho será dividido em três partes, passando pela sua compreensão cristológica e eclesiológica para chegar à esperança.

Abstract Results well known in the actuarial community about closed-form expressions to Gompertz and Gompertz-Makeham life expectancies for a person aged x are still being independently rediscovered to this day. This note seeks to acknowledge previous results about closed-form expressions to Gompertz-Makeham life expectancies, especially in the actuarial science field, hoping to stimulate interdisciplinarity and provide the background for further developments, especially since the derivation of closed-form expressions for life expectancy (and annuities) based on particular mortality laws are matters of interest for multiple fields such as actuarial science, biology, demography, statistics among others.

In the last few years, the industrial, scientific, and technological fields have been subject to a revolutionary process of digitalization and automation called Industry 4.0. Its implementation has been successful mainly in the economic field of sustainability, while the environmental field has been gaining more attention from researchers recently. However, the social scope of Industry 4.0 is still somewhat neglected by researchers and organizations. This research aimed to study Industry 4.0 and sustainability themes using data science, by incorporating open data and open-source tools to achieve sustainable Industry 4.0. To that end, a quantitative analysis based on open data was developed using open-source software in order to study Industry 4.0 and sustainability trends. The main results show that manufacturing is a relevant value-added activity in the worldwide economy; that, foreseeing the importance of Industry 4.0, countries in America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania are incorporating technological principles of Industry 4.0 in their cities, creating so-called smart cities; and that the industries that invest most in technology are computers and electronics, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, and IT (information technology) services. Furthermore, the G7 countries have a prevalent positive trend for the migration of technological and social skills toward sustainability, as it relates to the social pillar, and to Industry 4.0. Finally, on the global scale, a positive correlation between data openness and happiness was found.

Introduction: Pancreatic surgery still carries a high morbidity and mortality even in specialized centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patients’ body composition on postoperative complications and survival after pancreatic surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study on patients undergoing pancreatic surgery between March 2012 and December 2017. Demographics, clinical data, and postoperative complications classified according to Clavien-Dindo were recorded. Body composition was assessed using routine diagnostic or staging computed tomography (CT). Multiple Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted. Results: Ninety patients were included, 55% were male, and the mean age was 68 ± 10.9 years. Of these 90, 92% had a total pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy, 7% a distal pancreatectomy, and 1% a pancreaticoduodenectomy with multi-visceral resection; 84% had malignant disease. The incidence of major complications was 27.8% and the 90-day mortality was 8.8%. The ratio of visceral fat area/skeletal muscle area (VFA:SMA) was associated with an increased risk of complications (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.14–4.87, p = 0.03) and 90-day survival (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.13–4.01, p = 0.019). On simple analysis, shorter overall survival (OS) was observed in patients aged ≥70 years (p = 0.0009), with postoperative complications ≥IIIb (p = 0.01), an increased VFA:SMA (p = 0.007), and decreased muscle radiation attenuation (p = 1.6 × 10–5). In an OS model adjusted for age, disease malignancy, postoperative complications, and body composition parameters, muscle radiation attenuation remained significantly associated with survival (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90–0.98, p = 0.0016). A model which included only body composition variables had a discrimination ability (C-statistic 0.76) superior to a model which comprised conventional clinical variables (C-statistic 0.68). Conclusion: Body composition is a major determinant of postoperative complications and survival in pancreatic surgery patients.

A sífilis é uma infeção sistémica com manifestações variáveis consoante o seu estádio clínico. Conhecida como “a grande imitadora”, a sua abordagem é ainda mais desafiante quando ocorre a reação de Jarisch-Herxheimer (JH). Esta trata-se de uma reação febril aguda autolimitada que pode ocorrer nas 24 horas após tratamento de uma infeção por espiroquetas. Reporta-se o caso de um homem de 33 anos com sífilis secundária que desenvolve uma reação de JH após três horas da administração de benzilpenicilina benzatínica 2,4 milhões de unidades internacionais, apresentando febre, agravamento do exantema inicial, dor abdominal e disfunção hepatocelular, estas últimas manifestações descritas como incomuns. Os autores discutem a fisiopatologia desta reação, as suas manifestações clínicas e recomendações de abordagem à luz da evidência atual.

Abstract Ideally, life expectancy should be a decreasing function of age. When this fact is not observed, this situation is known as the life table paradox. This paper investigated the timing (and health metrics at the time) in which Brazil and its Federation Units (FU) overcame (or are expected to overcome) this paradox. The data were gathered from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and contained 3,416 sex-specific abridged life tables, from 2000 to 2060. At national level, females and males overcame the paradox in 2016 and 2018, respectively. However, when the FU were examined separately, much heterogeneity was observed. Through the decomposition analysis of the change over time in the difference between life expectancy at birth and at age one, we found that Brazil and most of its FU are expected to have both changes declining over time and the total change is expected to be decreasing and greater than zero. Nevertheless, for some Northeastern states the total change is expected to pass from a positive to a negative value; and for two Northern states the total change is expected to be neither decreasing nor increasing. In a public planning perspective, we understand that achieving balancing in the life tables is a goal to be pursued, especially because having an imbalanced table means that life expectancy at birth is still strongly influenced by high levels of infant mortality. Therefore, this knowledge could help planners to properly define strategies to accelerate the balancing process and revert unequal scenarios.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to set upper and lower bounds for the expected present value of whole life annuities and whole life insurance policies from incomplete mortality data, generalizing previous results on life expectancy. Since its inception, in the 17th century, actuarial science has been devoted to the study of annuities and insurance plans. Thus, setting intervals that provide an initial idea about the cost of these products using incomplete mortality data represents a theoretical contribution to the area and this may have major applications in markets lacking historical records or those having little reliability of mortality data, as well as in new markets still poorly explored. For both the continuous and discrete cases, upper and lower bounds were constructed for the expected present value of whole life annuities and whole life insurance policies, contracted by a person currently aged x, based on information about the expected present value of these respective financial products subscribed to by a person of age x + n and the probability that an individual of age x survives to at least age x + n. Through the bounds of a continuous annuity, in an environment where the instantaneous interest rate is equal to zero, the results shown also set bounds for the complete life expectancy, which implies that the contribution of this research generalizes previous results in the literature. It was also found that, for both annuities and insurance plans, the length of constructed intervals increases as the data gap size increases and it decreases as the survival curve becomes more rectangular. Illustratively, bounds for life expectancy at 40 and 60 years of age, for the 10 municipalities showing the highest life expectancy at birth in Brazil in 2010, were constructed by using data available in the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil.

Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is a valuable forest species in the western Mediterranean Basin due to its ecological value and the production of cork (a renewable natural material). Cork quality depends on the genetic background and cork oak environment, which has long been recognized. As no cork oak genetic trials with pedigree information were available, the inference of the genetic relatedness between individuals from molecular markers can potentially be applied to natural populations. This work aimed to investigate the potential of performing kinship prediction and pedigree reconstruction by SNP genotyping a natural cork oak population. A total of 494 trees located in Portugal were genotyped with 8K SNPs. The raw SNP set was filtered differently, producing four SNP sets that were further filtered by missing data, genotype frequency, and minor allele frequency. For each set, an identity by descent (IBD) matrix was generated to perform the relationship prediction, revealing from 22,114 to 23,859 relationships. Familial categories from the first to the third degree were able to be assigned. The feasibility of SNP genotyping for future studies on the kinship analysis and pedigree reconstruction of cork oak populations was demonstrated. The information produced may be used in further breeding and conservation programs for cork oak.

Small rural places are largely absent from early medieval written sources, but they were profuse and relevant in regional settlements and economies. Only through archaeological and archaeobotanical investigation is it possible to unveil their structure and productive strategies; however, this kind of investigation is still uncommon in Iberia. Here, the assemblage of fruits/seeds, wood charcoal, and food remains from Senhora do Barrocal (SB) (Sátão, Portugal) will be presented and discussed in order to understand the crop production, processing, and storage. The site was destroyed by a fire somewhere between the 10th and the 11th centuries AD, which allowed the preservation of abundant plant remains in a storage area. Charcoal analyses suggest that the building was made with oak and chestnut timber. The massive fruits/seeds assemblage was dominated by cereals, mostly oat and rye, but also barley, millet, and naked wheat, some fully dehusked, others still hulled. Furthermore, evidence of food products has also been found, suggesting that the area was used for the storage of multiple foods and crops at different processing stages. SB is a good example of how communities adopted a diverse set of crops and multifaceted storage strategies to prevent food shortages and to endure in a harsh environment.

O turismo é um importante elemento para a economia e para a identidade de muitas cidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender, a partir das avaliações dos turistas, quais são as experiências emocionais mais comuns vividas em suas cidades favoritas, e quais elementos as evocam. Adotou-se, para tanto, a Teoria dos Appraisals como modelo de investigação. Ela estabelece que as emoções experimentadas derivam da forma como os turistas processam as informações sobre o ambiente. A pesquisa, de base quantitativa, teve uma amostra de 310 pessoas e identificou cinco tipos de experiências emocionais que definem a preferência da pessoa por uma cidade: altruísmo/solidariedade, diversão, alegria, vínculo com o território e quebra de expectativas, sendo que cada uma pode ser incitada a partir de estímulos específicos.

Abstract It has been shown that under the social security factor rule current contribution rates are insufficient to cover social security benefits, since the actuarially fair rates are 30.69% and 35.27% for men and women, respectively. However, if the social security reform were approved as submitted, the fair rates would be reduced to 22.25% and 21.60%, respectively. Besides the minimum age, part of this reduction is due to the proposed rules allowing pension values lower than the minimum wage. These results served the objective of this work, which was to compare the actuarially fair social security rates for the General Social Welfare Policy (GSWP), based on the social security factor rules and the minimum age proposal present in Proposed Constitutional Amendment n. 287/2016. The demographic changes that have taken place in Brazil in recent years raise questions about the sustainability of the national social security system and approving social security reform has been a government priority. Therefore, there is an undisputed need for an actuarial study that calculates actuarially fair rates and compares the current scenario with the reform proposals. Multiple decrement actuarial models were used to calculate the fair rates considering a standard family (25-year-old worker, spouse, and two children), in which the man is three years older than the woman. The IBGE 2015 Extrapolated (mortality) and Álvaro Vindas (disability) tables were adopted as biometric assumptions, and a real wage growth rate of 2% p.a. and real interest rate of 3% p.a. were used.

Abstract In this paper, we analyzed the co-authorship network between all CNPq’s productivity research fellows in the Probability and Statistics area in Brazil. Our aim was to describe and to understand how network measures influence researchers’ productivity. The data was gathered from the CNPq’s Lattes Platform using the software scriptLattes, and a link between two fellows represents the fact that they wrote an article together from 2009 to 2013. The network is disconnected and has only 4.7% of its possible connections. Through a regression analysis, we were able to infer that the centrality positions of an author matters to his/her productivity. As expected, closeness centrality had a negative effect on fellows’ productivity, while the degree centrality had a positive effect.

Experimental results for the electron impact ionization of benzene, providing double (DDCS) and triple differential cross sections (TDCS) at the incident energy of 90 eV, measured with a multi-particle momentum spectrometer, are reported in this paper. The most intense ionization channel is assigned to the parent ion (C6H6+) formation. The DDCS values are presented for three different transferred energies, namely 30, 40 and 50 eV. The present TDCS are given for two fixed values of the ejected electron energy (E2), at 5 and 10 eV, and an electron scattering angle (θ1) of 10°. Different features related to the molecular orbitals of benzene from where the electron is extracted are observed. In addition, a semi-empirical formula to be used as the inelastic angular distribution function in electron transport simulations has been derived from the present DDCS result and compared with other expressions available in the literature.

The protection, preservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems and their functions are of global importance. For European states it became legally binding mainly through the EU-Water Framework Directive (WFD). In order to assess the ecological status of a given water body, aquatic biodiversity data are obtained and compared to a reference water body. The quantified mismatch obtained determines the extent of potential management actions. The current approach to biodiversity assessment is based on morpho-taxonomy. This approach has many drawbacks such as being time consuming, limited in temporal and spatial resolution, and error-prone due to the varying individual taxonomic expertise of the analysts. Novel genomic tools can overcome many of the aforementioned problems and could complement or even replace traditional bioassessment. Yet, a plethora of approaches are independently developed in different institutions, thereby hampering any concerted routine application. The goal of this Action is to nucleate a group of researchers across disciplines with the task to identify gold-standard genomic tools and novel eco-genomic indices for routine application in biodiversity assessments of European fresh- and marine water bodies. Furthermore, DNAqua-Net will provide a platform for training of the next generation of European researchers preparing them for the new technologies. Jointly with water managers, politicians, and other stakeholders, the group will develop a conceptual framework for the standard application of eco-genomic tools as part of legally binding assessments.

Filmmakers aim to deliver some emotional and aesthetic coin to their works, which makes it possible that the boundaries between fiction and documentary genres could be diluted artistically. The documentary is a recognized genre in film studies that is considered to move on one side of the boundary between fact and fiction. Michael Rabiger defends the objectivity and fairness of documentaries due to the expectation of the viewer to accept the photographic image as true (Rabiger, 1998, p. 6). Bill Nichols reinforces this idea evoking that the documentaries that best witness a certain theme are those in which filmmakers “don’t interfere”, classifying them as “observational documentaries”, as the examples from the images captured in World War II or the political TV news (Nichols, 1991, p. 38). Therefore, the challenge that we propose aims to relate the documentary live action characteristics with the animated images, where the veracity is just an animation reflection. To better illustrate the curious fusion of nimation and documentary image, we will examine several emergent examples of this new “film genre”.

Electron scattering cross sections for pyridine in the energy range 0–100 eV, which we previously measured or calculated, have been critically compiled and complemented here with new measurements of electron energy loss spectra and double differential ionization cross sections. Experimental techniques employed in this study include a linear transmission apparatus and a reaction microscope system. To fulfill the transport model requirements, theoretical data have been recalculated within our independent atom model with screening corrected additivity rule and interference effects (IAM-SCAR) method for energies above 10 eV. In addition, results from the R-matrix and Schwinger multichannel with pseudopotential methods, for energies below 15 eV and 20 eV, respectively, are presented here. The reliability of this complete data set has been evaluated by comparing the simulated energy distribution of electrons transmitted through pyridine, with that observed in an electron-gas transmission experiment under magnetic confinement conditions. In addition, our representation of the angular distribution of the inelastically scattered electrons is discussed on the basis of the present double differential cross section experimental results.

O texto apresenta uma breve reflexão sobre a possibilidade de aplicação do instituto da detração penal (art. 42 do Código Penal) em relação às medidas cautelares pessoais no processo penal brasileiro. Tal discussão parte das alterações provocadas pela Lei nº 12.403/2011 que inseriu no digesto processual penal medidas cautelares pessoais diversas da prisão (art. 319 do Código de Processo Penal). Assim, busca-se um critério através do qual se possa concluir se é ou não possível detrair no tempo de pena privativa de liberdade imposta ao sentenciado o período em que ele foi submetido a alguma das medidas cautelares pessoais diversas da prisão.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Detração penal. Medidas cautelares. Prisão provisória. Lei 12.403/11. Bis in idem.ABSTRACT: The paper presents a brief discussion about the possibility of application of the criminal institute of the detraction (art. 42 of the Penal Code) in relation to personal protective measures in the Brazilian criminal proceeding. This discussion begins with the amendments brought by Law 12,403/2011 that entered on the digest of criminal procedure several personal measures distinct from prison (art. 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). Thus, the text seeks a criterion to conclude whether or not it can detract from the time of sentence of imprisonment imposed to the sentenced the period in which he was subjected to a variety of personal protective measures different from prison.KEYWORDS: Criminal detraction. Precautionary measures. Provisional arrest. Law 12,403/11. Bis in idem.

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to apply (dynamic and static) actuarial models to calculate the balanced contribution rates for the planned (at the minimum age) retirement benefit of the General Social Security System, based on the original and substitutive texts of the reform proposed by Michel Temer’s government. Even with the regular increases in life expectancy and the long-term nature of the analyses, national studies on social security are typically based on the static mortality hypothesis. The relevance of this study is evident due to the demographic changes, particularly the increase in life expectancy, experienced by the Brazilian population in recent decades and which put in question the sustainability of the national pension system. The use of dynamic actuarial models allows for more accurate discussions about the future of social security, besides contributing to the still scarce national literature. Static and dynamic actuarial models were applied to a representative individual, adjusting mortality tables from the United Nations covering 1950 to 2100. It was verified that the actuarially fair rates calculated by the dynamic actuarial model are typically higher than those obtained by the static model, especially for women. This difference is expected to increase as gains in life expectancy become more influenced by the reduction in mortality at more advanced ages. Moreover, if the social security reform is approved (in accordance with either the original or the substitutive text), there are indications from the dynamic model that the contributions rates currently charged would be excessive for men. In turn, these rates would be excessive for women considering the original text, and closer to the actuarially fair value considering the substitutive text. The development, disclosure, and regular updating of official dynamic tables (whether for mortality or other biometric assumptions) are also recommended.