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IntroductionForkhead box E1 (FOXE1) is a transcription factor with a crucial role in thyroid morphogenesis and differentiation. Promoter hypermethylation downregulates FOXE1 expression in different tumor types; nevertheless, its expression and relationship with methylation status in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remain unclear.MethodsA total of 33 pairs of matched samples of PTC tumors and non-tumors were included. Tumor cell cultures were treated with either 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine demethylating agent or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to assess FOXE1 expression. The methylation status was quantified using bisulfite sequencing. A luciferase gene assay was used to determine CpG-island functionality. Gene expression and promoter methylation of FOXE1 and FOXE1-regulated genes were also analyzed with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid samples.ResultsAfter demethylating treatment, increased FOXE1 mRNA was observed concomitantly with reduced promoter methylation of CpGisland2. A negative correlation between mRNA downregulation and an increased methylation level of CpGisland2 was observed in tumors. Diminished protein expression was also detected in some DTC cell lines and in some tumor samples, suggesting the involvement of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. CPGisland2 was proved to be an enhancer. TCGA data analysis showed low FOXE1 mRNA expression in tumors with a negative correlation with methylation status and a positive correlation with the expression of most of its target genes. Reduced FOXE1 expression, accompanied by a high methylation level, was associated with PTC aggressiveness (tall cell variant, advanced extra thyroid extension, T4 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification), age at diagnosis (over 45 years old), and presence of a BRAFV600E mutation.ConclusionFOXE1 mRNA was downregulated in DTC compared with non-tumors, followed by high CpGisland methylation. A coupling of low mRNA expression and high methylation status was related to characteristics of aggressiveness in DTC tumors.

A BNCC estabeleceu competências para garantir aprendizagens essenciais na educação básica: entre essas, institui que tratar o jogo como conteúdo significa ir além de tratá-lo como meio para atingir um fim externo. Considerando este marco na legislação, o presente trabalho parte do interesse em analisar a produção atual do campo da Educação Física (EF) sobre o tema do jogo com intuito de identificar a produção de trabalhos que promovam a reflexão sobre o mesmo como conteúdo (fim em si mesmo). Realizou uma triagem nos principais periódicos da EF brasileiros, identificando 75 artigos no período de 2011 a 2022. Constatou-se que a maioria dos trabalhos debatem a utilização do jogo como um meio para atingir um objetivo externo, o que tende para a sua funcionalização. Esta constatação levou ao movimento de análise que aporta uma discussão sobre o jogo como conteúdo da EF, a partir da psicologia sócio-interacionista, ressaltando-se a necessidade de mais trabalhos que tratem das potencialidades formativas do jogo em si.

Analog computing is based upon using physical processes to solve formal mathematical problems. In the past, it was the predominant instrument of scientific calculations. Now, as the physical limits imposed on digital devices compel research into alternate computing paradigms, a reexamination of the potentialities of analog computing is warranted. This work studies the application of analog CMOS cells toward the simulation of dynamical systems, and, more generally, solving sets of coupled time-dependent ordinary differential equations. Following a brief review of the fundamentals of systems theory and analog computing, the main set of computing elements is introduced, each comprising analog cells designed in a 130 nm process. These are subsequently applied to the realization of practical, special-purpose analog computing modules. Illustrative systems from various fields are selected for simulation. Though by no means comprehensive, these case studies highlight the capabilities of contemporary analog computing, especially in solving nonlinear problems. Circuit simulations show good agreement with solutions obtained from high-order numerical methods, at least over a limited range of system parameters. The article concludes with a brief discussion of broader analog computing applications, offering future prospects toward further exploration of its potentialities and limitations in a wide range of domains.

The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil is predominantly characterized by subtype B, except in the southern states, where subtype C (HIV-1C) is more prevalent. Continuous monitoring of this profile is essential to maintain an accurate understanding of the molecular landscape of the HIV epidemic in Brazil. In this study, we isolated and sequenced seven new HIV-1C strains from the state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region of Brazil. To reconstruct the phylogenetic history of HIV-1C in the Northeast and investigate its connections with other regions of the country and globally, we first compiled a dataset of 3631 HIV-1C sequences from Brazil, Africa, and Europe. As expected, most of the new HIV-1C sequences from Bahia (n = 6) clustered within the well-known Brazilian clade. However, one sequence from Bahia clustered within the African clade, suggesting a possible new introduction of HIV-1C into Brazil. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the HIV-1C cases in Bahia likely originated from southern states, particularly Santa Catarina. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular profile of the HIV epidemic in Brazil, expanding our understanding of HIV-1C beyond the Southern region.

This study aimed to analyze how active versus passive rest periods after a warm-up influence performance in psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVT). Twenty amateur karate athletes participated in a randomized cross-over study consisting of two sessions with either a 20 min active rest involving kata techniques or passive rest. PVT was administered before and after these conditions to assess the changes in reaction time. The results revealed that the active rest condition significantly improved reaction times compared to both the passive rest condition (F(1,31) = 5.34, p = 0.03, η2 partial = 0.14) and control condition (F(1,31) = 5.49, p = 0.02, η2 partial = 0.15). No significant time-on-task effects were observed, F(4,120) = 2.31, p = 0.06, and there were no significant interactions between effort condition and time-on-task, F(4,120) = 1.89, p = 0.11). Participating in an active rest period post-warm-up improves cognitive performance in karate athletes, as evidenced by quicker reaction times in the PVT. This finding supports the use of active rest strategies (involving kata techniques) to maintain and improve cognitive readiness in young karate athletes.

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer systems have attracted attention for their potential applications, such as implanted medical devices, radio frequency identification, and portable electronic devices in general. In this context, a compact model for short-range NF-WPT systems operating in ISM frequency bands is proposed, employing the concept of ground plane aperture resonators or Defected Ground Structures (DGS). This technique allows the miniaturization of the resonator, which leads to the development of compact NF-WPT systems. The model proposed in this work aims at possible applications that require simultaneous energy and data transfer. This model operates in dual band in 433 MHz and 900 MHz frequency bands and makes use of overlapping circular DGS in order to shrink the resonator device and obtain high values of Figure of Merit (FoM) commonly used in this research area. The proposed model was designed using the electromagnetic analysis and built using Rogers RO4003 dielectric material. The designed dual-band DGS resonators have a total area of 11.7 × 10.2 mm$^{2}$ and when placed at a distance of 15 mm between transmitter and receiver, they have measured FoM values of 0.71 and 1.07 at 440 MHz and 918 MHz, respectively. The results were compared with related works found in the literature, and indicate a $\eta _{WPT}$ of 40.9% and 49.2 %.

ABSTRACTThe manufacturing industry faces a new revolution, grounded on the intense digitalization of assets and industrial processes and the increasing computation capabilities imposed by the new data-driven digital architectures. This reality has been promoting the Digital Twin concept and its importance in the industrial companies’ business models. However, with these new opportunities, also new threads may rise, mainly related to industrial data protection and sovereignty. Therefore, this research paper will demonstrate the International Data Spaces reference model’s application to overcome these limitations. Following a pilot study with a Portuguese machine producer/maintainer enterprise, this paper will demonstrate the development of a cutting and bending machine Digital Twin, leveraged on an International Data Spaces infrastructure for interoperability, for the plastic and metal industry and its importance to introduce this machine manufacturing company in a new business-to-business marketplace from the EU project Market 4.0.

The intricate interplay between maternal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the transfer of protective factors to the fetus remains unclear. By analyzing mother-neonate dyads from second and third trimester SARS-CoV-2 infections, our study shows that neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are infrequently detected in cord blood. We uncovered that this is due to impaired IgG-NAb placental transfer in symptomatic infection and to the predominance of maternal SARS-CoV-2 NAbs of the IgA and IgM isotypes, which are prevented from crossing the placenta. Crucially, the balance between maternal antiviral response and transplacental transfer of IgG-NAbs appears to hinge on IL-6 and IL-10 produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, asymptomatic maternal infection was associated with expansion of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgM and NK cell frequency. Our findings identify a protective role for IgA/IgM-NAbs in gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection and open the possibility that the maternal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection might benefit the neonate in 2 ways, first by skewing maternal immune response toward immediate viral clearance, and second by endowing the neonate with protective mechanisms to curtail horizontal viral transmission in the critical postnatal period, via the priming of IgA/IgM-NAbs to be transferred by the breast milk and via NK cell expansion in the neonate.

Abstract Fire might occur under natural conditions in the Pantanal of Brazil; however, with climate change, severe periods of drought potentiated the devasting fires in 2020, resulting in substantial wildlife loss. Considering that mammal communities are strongly affected by fire and habitat alterations, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in mammal diversity and the number of records before and one year after the fire in one region of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Parque SESC Baía das Pedras - PSBP). The data collection was performed using camera trapping between 2015 and 2017 and 2021, together with visual field observations in PSBP. We observed that the mammal assemblage composition was similar before and one year after the fire. Four species were more or less frequent in burned areas than in unburned ones. Since the fire was controlled in this area, avoiding its total destruction, and the species that fled from the surrounding areas, which were completely burnt, might be using PSBP as a refuge while the vegetation recovers elsewhere. Therefore, the PSBP might have contributed to protecting mammal species after the fire and maintaining and conserving biodiversity on a regional scale in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Abstract In studies of avian diversity, many different methods have been applied. Since methodological approaches may affect research results, the choice of a given methodology must be consistent with the scientific objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate how different methodologies with their intrinsic limitations help detect and monitor birds to evaluate how they complement each other in the survey of species. Three different assessment methods, mist nets, point counts, and autonomous acoustic recordings were used to serve this purpose in a study of different Pantanal habitats, such as savannas and forests. The point counts detected more species (126 species) than the two other methods autonomous acoustic recordings (113 species) and mist nets (79 species). We observed significant differences in the number of species detected by mist nets and the other two methods. Each survey method identified exclusive species. When comparing habitats, all three methods showed significant differences in bird species composition. Savannas were richer in bird species than forests, and replacement was the main driver responsible for the differences in beta diversity between the habitats. The three methodologies, when applied together, proved to be complementary in avian species detection.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate clinical, cosmetic, and strength midterm outcomes in arthroscopic biceps tenotomy and subpectoral biceps tenodesis using bicortical endobutton and interference screw. Methods: In this retrospective study, inclusion criteria were long head of the biceps (LHB) pathologies treated either with tenotomy or an additional tenodesis. Postoperative assessment included Long Head of Biceps Score (LHBS), age-adjusted Constant-Murley Score, and Subjective Shoulder Value. Elbow flexion and forearm supination strength were measured. The presence of Popeye sign, cramps, and tenderness over the bicipital grove was evaluated. Statistical analysis of continuous variables without normal distribution was performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Grouped analysis was performed using 2-way analysis of variance. Binominal data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: A total of 73 patients with a mean age of 63.1 ± 9.6 years and a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 0.5 years were included. Tenotomy was performed in 34 and tenodesis in 39 patients. Tenodesis group displayed a significantly higher LHB score (P = .0006), but no significant differences were detected for the age-adjusted Constant-Murley Score and Subjective Shoulder Value. Tenodesis group showed a significantly lower rate of Popeye deformities (P = .0007) and tenderness over the bicipital groove (P = .004). Patients from the tenotomy group with biceps deformity showed a significantly higher mean contralateral supination strength (P = .002) but no significant difference in contralateral elbow flexion compared with patients without biceps deformity. There was one (1.4%) complication in the tenotomy group (postoperative shoulder stiffness). Conclusion: Both techniques resulted in comparable outcome scores on preselected patients, with tenodesis leading to better LHB function. Tenodesis did not improve elbow flexion and forearm supination strength beyond the tenotomy; however, it reduced the frequency of biceps deformities and tenderness over the bicipital groove. Patients with a strong contralateral forearm supination strength could be at risk of developing a biceps deformity after tenotomy.

I suggest here ecologies of the nascent state, posing the following general questions: what is this state and what is it to live, to fabricate modes of life, in its immanence? I believe populating this state is, by right, ‘ecological’, even if what I offer here is only a sketch or glimpse, playful as it is, of the possibility of such modes of life, of dwelling. As I develop it here, the nascent is in flight of being. It is populated by lesser, minoritarian existences. If it is ‘ecological’, it is because these existences, or modes of becoming, are themselves, in their own right, ‘ecologies’, that is, modes of dwelling, of life, on the ‘other side of existence’, as Antonin Artaud put it once, in exile from Being. The power to return eternally to the nascent state is the power to live, to dwell, in the absolute forgetfulness of Being, in the interstice where philosophy supposedly ends, but where it nevertheless begins again, in oblivion itself, where being is never already the verticality of Being, its difference with beings, but always nascent, in the beginning, eternally so.

In biological systems, liquid and solid-like biomolecular condensates may contain the same molecules but their behaviour, including movement, elasticity, and viscosity, is different on account of distinct physicochemical properties. As such, it is known that phase transitions affect the function of biological condensates and that material properties can be tuned by several factors including temperature, concentration, and valency. It is, however, unclear if some factors are more efficient than others at regulating their behaviour. Viral infections are good systems to address this question as they form condensates de novo as part of their replication programmes. Here, we used influenza A virus (IAV) liquid cytosolic condensates, AKA viral inclusions, to provide a proof of concept that liquid condensate hardening via changes in the valency of its components is more efficient than altering their concentration or the temperature of the cell. Liquid IAV inclusions may be hardened by targeting vRNP (viral ribonucleoprotein) interactions via the known NP (nucleoprotein) oligomerising molecule, nucleozin, both in vitro and in vivo without affecting host proteome abundance nor solubility. This study is a starting point for understanding how to pharmacologically modulate the material properties of IAV inclusions and may offer opportunities for alternative antiviral strategies.

Abstract This study focuses on incubation parameters, egg morphometrics, and body mass development, hatching, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress within a colony of freshwater-breeding Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) located in the private nature reserve of Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) in the northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Temperatures of nest, eggs, and surface substratum, as well as the development of embryos, were surveyed using thermal imaging, a method allowing digital recording from a distance and in a fraction of the time of traditional measuring techniques. The mean egg dimensions (n = 71) were 4.48 (± 0.13) × 3.27 (± 0.07) cm; the mean mass at hatching was 24.3 (± 1.9) g, with a significant decrease over incubation time. The mean surface temperature of eggs varied from 30.9℃ to 39.7℃, while the sand surface temperature was 20℃ at 06:00 h, rising to 47.7℃ at 11:00 h. There was a significant increase (7%) in egg surface temperature throughout incubation. Incubation-bout durations (n = 2108) were correlated with the microclimatic conditions of the substratum, becoming shorter with increasing sand-surface temperature around midday. Egg hatching lasted one day, and siblings hatched no more than 24 h apart. The mean body mass on Day 1 after hatching was 16.8 (± 1.6) g (n = 6). Three days after hatching, chicks moved to new sand depressions provided by parents near the original nest, where they remained motionless or tried to hide under riparian vegetation. The single chick that fledged had a growth rate of K = 0.117 and a t₁?₀₋₉₀ value of 37.3 days. On Day 7, dorsal pintail feathers and primaries appeared, which were open on Day 15. After 14 days, the chick was able to regulate its body temperature, and no more feeding by parental birds during the daytime was observed. On Day 21, the immature plumage was fully developed. Fledging was completed on Day 27. Our study demonstrates that thermal imaging is a useful method of surveying egg and embryo development in the Black Skimmer, reducing nest disturbance and observation efforts.

(1) Background: The HIV subtype D is generally associated with a faster decline in CD4+ T cell counts, a higher viral load, and a faster progression to AIDS. However, it is still poorly characterized in Brazil. In this study, we used genomics and epidemiological data to investigate the transmission dynamics of HIV subtype D in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. (2) Methods: To achieve this goal, we obtained four novel HIV-1 subtype D partial pol genome sequences using the Sanger method. To understand the emergence of this novel subtype in the state of Bahia, we used phylodynamic analysis on a dataset comprising 3704 pol genome sequences downloaded from the Los Alamos database. (3) Results: Our analysis revealed three branching patterns, indicating multiple introductions of the HIV-1 subtype D in Brazil from the late 1980s to the late 2000s and a single introduction event in the state of Bahia. Our data further suggest that these introductions most likely originated from European, Eastern African, Western African, and Southern African countries. (4) Conclusion: Understanding the distribution of HIV-1 viral strains and their temporal dynamics is crucial for monitoring the real-time evolution of circulating subtypes and recombinant forms, as well as for designing novel diagnostic and vaccination strategies. We advocate for a shift to active surveillance, to ensure adequate preparedness for future epidemics mediated by emerging viral strains.

Ainda que de modo introdutório, dizemos que existe um sujeito, o perverso, no interior da filosofia de Deleuze. Mais, que é tornando-se este sujeito, fazendo do perverso um filósofo, que Deleuze dá início à sua filosofia em Diferença e repetição e na Lógica do sentido. Ou seja, que existindo um devir-perverso do próprio Deleuze, este devir condiciona uma abordagem à relação do seu pensamento com o tema da perversão, e isto por ser justamente a criação deste heterónimo, o perverso, que está na origem da sua filosofia.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It has been reported that the HTLV-1 proteins (specifically TAX and HBZ) can modulate FOXp3, resulting in an immune imbalance that can favor the progression of HAM/TSP. This review aims to summarize the literature in order to clarify the relationship between the expression of HTLV-1 mRNAs and/or viral proteins (TAX and HBZ) with the expression of mRNA and/or protein FOXp3 and their correlation with HAM/ TSP development. This systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The search strategy was performed on the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences Platform using subject descriptors. After screening, six articles were included in this review. The studies suggested that TAX and HBZ have a directly proportional correlation with FOXp3 in individuals with HAM/TSP, which also presented an increased expression of FOXp3 compared to asymptomatic controls and/or healthy donors. This systematic review indicates that TAX and HBZ can interact with FOXp3 and that interaction may influence HAM/ TSP development.

Abstract Objectives This study was conducted aiming to assess the quality of life and satisfaction of women who had mastectomy treated with and without breast reconstruction. Results A total of 81 women who had mastectomy were included, of whom 53 (65.4%) underwent breast reconstruction. Quality of life was not significantly better in the reconstruction group than the nonreconstruction group. Satisfaction with the surgically operated breast, whether reconstructed or not, was positively correlated with quality of life (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in quality of life between women with immediate and late reconstruction. This study showed that the satisfaction of patients with the operated breast, reconstructed or not, is more important in quality of life than whether the breast was reconstructed or not. When we analyzed the quality of life of women who had mastectomy who were dissatisfied with their unreconstructed breasts, we observed that nonreconstruction had a negative impact on the quality of life.

Trata de um aspecto importante para a prática pedagógica da EF: a relação possível entre o ofício de professor e o objeto de ensino, após as reformulações nas propostas progressistas. A ideia de “cultura corporal de movimento” não resolve a contradição de tomar as práticas corporais como substrato da conscientização sobre a condição humana ou engendrar as práticas corporais como forma de resistir à dominação. Busca o conceito de práticas corporais para tensionar a ideia de que há um intercâmbio direto de sentido entre corpo e cultura. Para isso, analisamos como praticantes de Futebol Freestyle se organizavam quando a prática se destacava como algo diferente do futebol através da análise de um fórum, evidenciando processos de subjetivação; e analisamos obras que tratam especificamente do tema. Entendemos que as práticas corporais apresentam imanência material, o que pode ser um caminho para as práticas pedagógicas da EF.

Background: To identify and appraise the effectiveness of the 5A-counseling-model-based interventions on indicators of physical activity in adults. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from systematic searches in Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus and Web of Science, involving studies published from its inception until May 2022. To avoid potential losses, searches also were made in Google Scholar and in reference lists. The assessment of studies, data extraction, and synthesis were carried out independently by two researchers. Results: Four studies composed the synthesis, which involved people with an average age between 40 and 55 years, most of the samples being women. It was observed that counseling was carried out in conjunction with other strategies, such as drawing up an action plan, sending text messages, and offering educational material. Only one study showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the “daily number of steps” indicator. Conclusions: Based on available studies, 5A-counseling-model-based interventions did not reflect significant findings in relation to physical activity. However, given the potential of the model, future studies are recommended with a better description of the strategies, as well as a more robust methodology, to strengthen the evidence.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer incidence increases with age, and its treatment usually has side effects such as joint pain, depression and fatigue. Insufficient physical activity can decrease muscle strength, increase fatigue and reduce quality of life. Given the above, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify the main intervention strategies based on physical activities for women during breast cancer treatment. This study considered four databases: PubMed, SportDiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo, taking into consideration studies of the last five years. The descriptors for physical activity variable were “exercise", “physical activity”, and “motor activity”. For breast cancer variable, the descriptors were “breast neoplasm”, and for participants: “women” and “adults”. Seven studies related to the benefits of physical activity were found, one of those was carried out in Brazil. The variables studied were fatigue, anthropometry, physical activity level (PAL), pain threshold, sleep quality, life quality (LQ), physical fitness (PF), and cortisol level. The types of intervention strategies were in most part through aerobic exercises, resistance/strength training, hydrotherapy, relaxation, yoga and belly dancing. Although there is no consensus on which physical activity, intensity, and frequency are best for the patients, in general, all patients increased their level of physical activity and quality of life, reduced fatigue, and were not impeded by the treatment or found necessary to interrupt it while performing such physical activities.

The main purpose of this study is to describe the development, validation and reliability of a questionnaire to measure the associated factors of physical activity counseling by health workers. The development of the questionnaire was carried out in four steps: construction of the analytical matrix; face validation; pilot study; and reliability assessment. The analytical matrix consisted of ten modules with a total of 47 questions. In the second step, 21 Brazilian experts of different knowledge backgrounds gave their opinion on the presentation, clarity and adequacy of each item. In the third step, a pilot study was carried out with 20 professionals (doctors, nurses and community health agents) from the Joao Pessoa, Paraíba Family Health Strategy. In the last step, reliability index was assessed among a sample of 53 health workers from five health units. The final version of the questionnaire was composed of 53 questions distributed in ten modules. Results showed a total validity index of 0.90 ranging from 0.83 to 0.95 in the modules. The clarity and adequacy of the scale showed mean values of 0.93 (ranging from 0.87 to 0.96) and 0.95 (ranging from 0.91 to 0.98), respectively. Eight out of ten modules showed all items with reliability greater than 0.60 (kappa). The questionnaire showed a satisfactory validity and reliability and it is recommended for studies to measure physical activity counseling and other practices in health promotion by health workers in the primary health care.

Background Adults are being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, but the longitudinal protection of these vaccines is uncertain, given the ongoing appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Children remain largely unvaccinated and are susceptible to infection, with studies reporting that they actively transmit the virus even when asymptomatic, thus affecting the community. Methods We investigated if saliva is an effective sample for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in children, and associated viral RNA levels to infectivity. For that, we used a saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test, preceded or not by RNA extraction, in 85 children aged 10 years and under, admitted to the hospital regardless of COVID-19 symptomatology. Amongst these, 29 (63.0%) presented at least one COVID-19 symptom, 46 (54.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 28 (32.9%) were under the age of 1, and the mean (SD) age was 3.8 (3.4) years. Saliva samples were collected up to 48 h after a nasopharyngeal swab-RT-qPCR test. Results In children aged 10 years and under, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of saliva-RT-qPCR tests compared to NP swab-RT-qPCR were, respectively, 84.8% (71.8%–92.4%), 100% (91.0%–100%), and 91.8% (84.0%–96.6%) with RNA extraction, and 81.8% (68.0%–90.5%), 100% (91.0%–100%), and 90.4% (82.1%–95.0%) without RNA extraction. Rescue of infectious particles from saliva was limited to CT values below 26. In addition, we found significant IgM positive responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children positive for SARS-CoV-2 by NP swab and negative by saliva compared to other groups, indicating late infection onset (>7–10 days). Conclusions Saliva is a suitable sample type for diagnosing children aged 10 years and under, including infants aged

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the strategies and effects of interventions carried out by community health workers (CHW) on physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents. Data source: In August 2020, a systematic review, designed according to the PRISMA checklist items, was conducted by searches in seven electronic databases and in reference lists. Original studies were searched without restriction with regard to year of publication; they were written in Spanish, English or Portuguese and examined interventions implemented by CHW, involving theoretical and/or practical contents of PA, with a focus on children and/or adolescents between three and 19 years of age. Data synthesis: Of the 2,321 studies initially retrieved, eight were included, targeting samples with more specific characteristics (e.g., clinical, ethnic and/or socioeconomic). In all studies, CHW were trained to lead educational activities. In three non-controlled trials, positive results were observed, involving indicators such as moderate and vigorous PA and physical inactivity reduction. Also, two positive results were found in reducing sedentary behavior. Conclusions: Even though most of the interventions included did not have a significant effect on increasing PA levels, the available findings reinforce the role of CHW as an important strategy for dialogue between health services and the most vulnerable communities, and they suggest a greater articulation of these professionals in the actions developed in the school context.

Influenza A virus forms cytosolic inclusions containing viral ribonucleoproteins. Here, the authors show that viral inclusions form juxtaposed the endoplasmic reticulum and have liquid properties, likely constituting sites of assembly of epidemic and pandemic influenza genomes.

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution and host immunity is critical to control COVID-19 pandemics. At the core is an arms-race between SARS-CoV-2 antibody and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) recognition, a function of the viral protein spike. Mutations in spike impacting antibody and/or ACE2 binding are appearing worldwide, imposing the need to monitor SARS-CoV2 evolution and dynamics in the population. Determining signatures in SARS-CoV-2 that render the virus resistant to neutralizing antibodies is critical. We engineered 25 spike-pseudotyped lentiviruses containing individual and combined mutations in the spike protein, including all defining mutations in the variants of concern, to identify the effect of single and synergic amino acid substitutions in promoting immune escape. We confirmed that E484K evades antibody neutralization elicited by infection or vaccination, a capacity augmented when complemented by K417N and N501Y mutations. In silico analysis provided an explanation for E484K immune evasion. E484 frequently engages in interactions with antibodies but not with ACE2. Importantly, we identified a novel amino acid of concern, S494, which shares a similar pattern. Using the already circulating mutation S494P, we found that it reduces antibody neutralization of convalescent and post-immunization sera, particularly when combined with E484K and with mutations able to increase binding to ACE2, such as N501Y. Our analysis of synergic mutations provides a signature for hotspots for immune evasion and for targets of therapies, vaccines and diagnostics. Author summary For a SARS-CoV-2 virion to enter a cell, the spike protein displayed at its surface must be recognized by the host ACE2 receptor. Serum neutralizing antibodies, shown to develop upon natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, bind spike protein preventing the recognition by ACE2 and, consequently, infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 virus is constantly evolving, and can acquire mutations in spike that render this protein resistant to neutralizing antibodies and make vaccines ineffective. In this paper, we tested how single and a combination of mutations naturally occurring in spike, including in variants of concern, would synergize to affect antibody neutralizing capacity. We then integrated these findings with in silico analyses of amino acids binding to ACE2 and antibodies, and distributed them in a grid as amino acids important for binding to ACE2 or antibodies, or both. We found that changes in amino such as E484 and S494, which frequently interact with antibodies but not with ACE2, promptly evolve immune escape mutants, elicited by infection or vaccination, if the mutation severely alters the binding specificity of the antibody. Our work also suggests that the combination of these mutations with others promoting ACE2 binding, such as N501Y, increases their ability to escape neutralizing-antibody responses.

OBJETIVO: Associar a prevalência de Atividade Física com os hábitos alimentares em escolares de ambos os sexos com idades entre 11 a 17 anos em duas escolas públicas da cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 177 escolares de ambos os sexos, de duas escolas públicas da cidade de Ponta Grossa, utilizou-se o questionário WebCas, para analisar os dados foram distribuídos em medidas de tendência central e dispersão, e recorreu-se ao teste de Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: O número final do estudo foi de 153 participantes, sendo 52,9% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 14,3 anos (±2,0). O nível de Atividade Física da amostra em geral foi insuficientemente ativo (63,4%). Em relação aos hábitos alimentares em uma proporção de consumo semanal, os percentuais mais elevados foram direcionados ao consumo adequado de refrigerantes (69,9%), doces (64,7%), salgados e frituras (81,7%), e ao consumo inadequado de frutas (60,8%) e verduras (53,6%). A associação do nível de Atividade Física aos hábitos alimentares apresentou resultados significativos ao consumo de refrigerantes (p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se, sobre a atividade física insuficiente e o baixo consumo de frutas entre os escolares, porém a associação foi significativa com o nível de Atividade Física e o consumo de refrigerantes. Sugere-se novos estudos, especialmente de intervenção que abordem a influência do nível de Atividade Física e dos hábitos alimentares dos indicadores de saúde entre os escolares.

A partir da crítica das teorias da arte predecessoras, o artigo procura explicar e interpretar a filosofia da arte de Arthur Danto, que procura dar uma definição “curta” de arte, onde a interpretação da obra como obra de arte possui papel principal, uma teoria que só se torna historicamente possível depois do advento do ready-made de Marcel Duchamp, uma obra cujos aspectos estéticos são irrelevantes para sua condição de arte.

Este artigo combina a extraordinária análise por parte de Deleuze de Sexta-feira ou os Limbos do Pacífico, de Michel Tournier, que apresenta um Robinson Crusoé duplo, perverso, em relação ao de Daniel Defoe, com uma análise crítica de concepções como a de ser-no-mundo, resultantes da hermenêutica fenomenológica de Heidegger. O meu ponto é que sem outrem [Autrui], ou o que Deleuze chama a estrutura-outrem [structure Autrui], não é possível ‘interpretar' ser-no-mundo, que, por outras palavras, o que se descompreende sem esta estrutura é justamente uma compreensão pré-ontológica do ser, não se atingindo a facticidade do ser precisamente por se viver, se sofrer, sem outrem, um processo inverso, o de uma ‘desfactização' do próprio fato ou facticidade do ser. Proponho, portanto, uma nova concepção do limite de ser-no-mundo não em termos da morte mas de outrem, do que é perder outrem, a estrutura-outrem, e como esta perda implica a perda de ser-no-mundo, a possibilidade ela mesma de interpretar, de compreender, as suas diferentes estruturas (ser-aí, ser-com, ser-para-a-morte, etc.) O conceito de outrem funciona assim como uma gigante dobra entre ser-no-mundo e o seu avesso ou o que Artaud definiu como ‘o outro lado da existência’, mas também entre a ausência de outrem e a criação de ‘mundos sem outrem', todos eles ‘menores', ‘ilhas desertas', 'plateaus', constituídos na imanência desta ausência, do próprio ‘fora'.

No ensaio A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica, primeira versão, Walter Benjamin descreve dois modos de recepção da obra de arte, o 'recolhimento (recepção ótica) e a distração (recepção tátil). Temos dois objetivos neste artigo: mostrar como historicamente esses dois modos configuraram a relação do espectador com as obras de arte em épocas distintas; a partir do entendimento das mudanças artístico-sociais do século XX propor uma conceituação para o modo mais próprio de recepção de obras de arte hoje. Para isso, seguiremos as seguintes etapas: Na introdução, apresentar os significados de recolhimento e distração em Benjamin; a seguir, a partir de Benjamin, C. Greenberg e E.H. Gombrich, construir um paralelo entre a arte pré e pós-renascentista para entender o desenvolvimento que levou ao Modernismo, através da relação entre tridimensionalidade e bidimensionalidade da pintura. Segundo Greenberg, é possível fazer um paralelo entre a arte bizantina e moderna. Por fim, na parte final do desenvolvimento e conclusão, entender como se diferenciam dois desenvolvimentos que a arte moderna dá aos resultados adquiridos pelo impressionismo na questão da planaridade da superfície da tela e voltando a Benjamin, traçar as linhas gerais da reestruturação moderna dos modos de recepção da arte.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of sleep quality and duration and its association with the level of physical activity, screen time and nutritional status in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,432 adolescents (53.1%, female), ten to 14 years old (12.0±1.0 year) from public schools in Joao Pessoa, Northeast Brazil. Physical activity (≥300 vs. 2 h/day) and duration (

A dispneia afeta a qualidade de vida da própria pessoa e da sua família, pela dificuldade de comunicação, pelo comprometimento do desempenho das atividades de vida diária, pela ansiedade e até pelo pânico. A maior parte dos doentes com cancro vivenciam episódios de dispneia, sendo esta, resultado da patologia primária, de metástases ou resultante do próprio tratamento. Nesta fase, o doente no domicílio necessita de um cuidador informal para o ajudar nas suas atividades. Neste estudo de cariz descritivo-exploratório, participaram 14 cuidadores informais de pessoas com dispneia no domicílio. Os resultados evidenciam que os cuidadores informais diminuem as suas atividades sociais, e manifestam sentimentos dicotómicos de reconforto e tristeza por cuidarem do seu familiar. Em situações de episódios agudos de dispneia a apatia e desespero são as vivências predominantes nestes cuidadores.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of perceived barriers and their isolated and simultaneous association with the practice of counseling for physical activity by primary health care workers. This is a cross-sectional study with 591 health workers, who work in the Family Health Teams. Counseling for physical activity was defined as the accomplishment of such a practice for more than six months. The barriers investigated were lack of time, lack of knowledge, lack of professionals to guide, lack of available instructional material, lack of environmental resources and lack of financial resources of the user. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the possible relationships between perceived barriers and the practice of counseling for physical activity. Non-counselors reported a lack of time (68.8%), knowledge (68.5%) and orientation (63.2%) compared to their peer counselors (p ≤ 0.001). Professionals with three or more barriers were more likely not to advise (OR = 3.91; 95%CI: 2.10 - 7.29) when compared to those who reported no concurrent barriers. These results indicate that the simultaneity of perceived barriers is negatively associated to the practice of counseling for physical activity of health workers.

Interactions of low-energy electrons with the FEBID precursor Cr(CO)6 have been investigated in a crossed electron–molecular beam setup coupled with a double focusing mass spectrometer with reverse geometry. Dissociative electron attachment leads to the formation of a series of anions by the loss of CO ligand units. The bare chromium anion is formed by electron capture at an electron energy of about 9 eV. Metastable decays of Cr(CO)5− into Cr(CO)4−, Cr(CO)4− into Cr(CO)3− and Cr(CO)3− into Cr(CO)2− are discussed. Electron-induced dissociation at 70 eV impact energy was found to be in agreement with previous studies. A series of Cr(CO)nC+ (0 ≤ n ≤ 3) cations formed by C–O cleavage is described for the first time. The metastable decay of Cr(CO)6+ into Cr(CO)5+ and collision-induced dissociation leading to bare Cr+, are discussed. In addition, doubly charged cations were identified and the ration between doubly and singly charged fragments was determined and compared with previous studies, showing considerable differences.

High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption measurements in the wavelength range of 115–320 nm (10.8–3.9 eV) have been performed together with comprehensive relativistic time-dependent density functional calculations (TDDFT) on the low-lying excited sates of tungsten hexacarbonyl, W(CO)6. The higher resolution obtained reveals previously unresolved spectral features of W(CO)6. The spectrum shows two higher-energy bands (in the energy ranges of 7.22–8.12 eV and 8.15–9.05 eV), one of them with clear vibrational structure, and a few lower-energy shoulders in addition to a couple of lower-energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands reported in the literature before. Absolute photoabsorption cross sections are reported and, where possible, compared to previously published results. On the basis of this combined experimental/theoretical study the absorption spectrum of the complex has been totally re-assigned between 3.9 and 10.8 eV under the light of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effects. The present comprehensive knowledge of the nature of the electronically excited states may be of relevance to estimate neutral dissociation cross sections of W(CO)6, a precursor molecule in focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) processes, from electron scattering measurements.

A presente proposta visa apresentar os resultados do projeto de dissertação desenvolvido em ambiente institucional, realizado no campo da Ciência da Informação e área de estudos da Gestão da Informação. Teve como referente teórico a abordagem sistémica, sob a orientação metodológica quadripolar, e como contexto os museus universitários, mais especificamente o projeto do Museu Digital da U.Porto. O seu principal objetivo incidiu na contribuição para a uniformização de processos, a normalização das estruturas de dados e a criação de uma plataforma tecnológica comum a todos os museus e núcleos museológicos da U.Porto. Os resultados obtidos corporizam-se no Documento de Especificação de Requisitos de Software, para escolha da solução mais adequada às necessidades da gestão de coleções e serviços dos museus da U.Porto, e a proposta de um Manual de Procedimentos para os Museus da U.Porto.

We report novel data on ion-pair formation in hyperthermal (30–800 eV) neutral potassium collisions with neutral pyrimidine (Pyr, C4H4N2) molecules. In this collision regime, negative ions formed by electron transfer from the alkali atom to the target molecule were time-of-flight mass analyzed and the fragmentation patterns and branching ratios have been obtained. The most abundant product anions have been assigned to CN− and C2H− and the electron transfer mechanisms are comprehensively discussed. Particular importance is also given to the efficient loss of integrity of the pyrimidine ring in the presence of an extra electron, which is in contrast to dissociative electron attachment experiments yielding the dehydrogenated parent anion. Theoretical calculations were performed for pyrimidine in the presence of a potassium atom and provided a strong basis for the assignment of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals accessed in the collision process. In order to further our knowledge about the collision dynamics, potassium cation (K+) energy loss spectrum has been obtained and within this context, we also discuss the role of the accessible electronic states. A vertical electron affinity of (−5.69 ± 0.20) eV was obtained and may be assigned to a π3*(b1) state that leads to CN− formation.

Healthcare treatments might benefit from advances in artificial intelligence and technological equipment such as smartphones and smartwatches. The presence of cameras in these devices with increasingly robust and precise pattern recognition techniques can facilitate the estimation of the wound area and other telemedicine measurements. Currently, telemedicine is vital to the maintenance of the quality of the treatments remotely. This study proposes a method for measuring the wound area with mobile devices. The proposed approach relies on a multi-step process consisting of image capture, conversion to grayscale, blurring, application of a threshold with segmentation, identification of the wound part, dilation and erosion of the detected wound section, identification of accurate data related to the image, and measurement of the wound area. The proposed method was implemented with the OpenCV framework. Thus, it is a solution for healthcare systems by which to investigate and treat people with skin-related diseases. The proof-of-concept was performed with a static dataset of camera images on a desktop computer. After we validated the approach’s feasibility, we implemented the method in a mobile application that allows for communication between patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.

In recent years, research in tracking and assessing wound severity using computerized image processing has increased. With the emergence of mobile devices, powerful functionalities and processing capabilities have provided multiple non-invasive wound evaluation opportunities in both clinical and non-clinical settings. With current imaging technologies, objective and reliable techniques provide qualitative information that can be further processed to provide quantitative information on the size, structure, and color characteristics of wounds. These efficient image analysis algorithms help determine the injury features and the progress of healing in a short time. This paper presents a systematic investigation of articles that specifically address the measurement of wounds’ sizes with image processing techniques, promoting the connection between computer science and health. Of the 208 studies identified by searching electronic databases, 20 were included in the review. From the perspective of image processing color models, the most dominant model was the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color space. We proposed that a method for measuring the wound area must implement different stages, including conversion to grayscale for further implementation of the threshold and a segmentation method to measure the wound area as the number of pixels for further conversion to metric units. Regarding devices, mobile technology is shown to have reached the level of reliable accuracy.

A partir da crítica das teorias da arte predecessoras, o artigo procura explicar e interpretar a filosofia da arte de Arthur Danto, que procura dar uma definição "curta" de arte, onde a interpretação da obra como obra de arte possui papel principal, uma teoria que só se torna historicamente possível depois do advento do ready-made de Marcel Duchamp, uma obra cujos aspectos estéticos são irrelevantes para sua condição de arte.

It treats a peripheral aspect of teaching soccer in physical education classes: the (un)predictability. It builds on "Veneno Remédio", by José Miguel Wisnik, and "Guardiola Confidential", by Martí Perarnau, to discuss issues surrounding the subject, treating soccer as a practice that expresses particularities of Brazilian culture. It concludes that the investment in teaching the know-how of a coach presents an ethical and political advantage and is countercultural in contemporary Brazil.

Objetivos: Delinear o perfil farmacoepidemiológico de pacientes asmáticos,identificar problemas relacionados aos medicamentos (PRM) durante o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico (AF) em ambulatório de atenção terciária de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, prospectivo na área da Atenção Farmacêutica (ATENFAR) envolvendo pacientes asmáticos (n=30) sob AF durante um ano, conforme o método PWDT (Pharmacist work up drug therapy). As intervenções farmacêuticas (IF) realizadas incluíram ações diretas de educação, treinamento do manuseio de dispositivos inalatórios junto ao paciente,recomendações aos prescritores e pacientes. Para o desfecho primário estabelecido no estudo controle dos sintomas da asma a partir da orientação do farmacêutico, cada paciente recebeu o formulário de Registro Diário de Sintomas de Asma, que incluiu: ausência ou presença de sintomas; quantidade de vezes de uso do broncodilatador de alívio e, medida do pico de fluxo expiratório. Todos os dados foram analisados em programa SPSS, versão 11.0, utlizando-se teste t de Student, para as comparações, com nível de significância estatística de p< 0,05. Resultados: Uma média de 1,8 PRM/paciente foi identificada. A farmacoterapia inadequada ocasionou 64 PRM, destacando-se os problemas de cumprimento do tratamento proposto (31,2%; n=20), que decorreram, principalmente, do não entendimento por parte do paciente das instruções médicas. Os principais PRM se relacionaram á efetividade e segurança dos medicamentos, ocorrendo,respectivamente, devido à freqüência inapropriada do uso dos medicamentos inalatórios e à administração e/ou dose incorreta. Após as IF, as medidas do pico de fluxo expiratório noturno aumentaram significantemente, não sendo necessário usar broncodilatador de curta duração. Conclusão: Nossos resultados demontram que o serviço de ATENFAR prestado foi capaz diminuir os sintomas da doença e melhorar o estado de saúde dos pacientes asmáticos ambulatoriais através da otimização do uso de medicamentos.

Segundo o que se diz em O que é a filosofia?, o destino do filósofo é o de se tornar nos seus personagens conceituais, no que define uma espécie de duplo devir, não só do filósofo que se torna personagem, como do personagem que se afirma agora como filósofo. Certamente, existem vários destes personagens na filosofia. Só Nietzsche tem vários, uns que atraem, Dionísio, Zaratustra, outros que repelem, o padre, o homem superior. Kant também cria um, o juiz, Leibniz outro, o advogado. Espinosa tem os seus, o homem com paixões tristes (o escravo), o homem que se aproveita destas paixões (o tirano), e isto sem falar em Platão, onde o próprio Sócrates surge como personagem conceitual e não simplesmente como figura histórica. Sente-se, com estes personagens, o horizonte de uma abordagem alternativa à filosofia assente já não exclusivamente nos conceitos criados pelos filósofos, mas nos personagens que inventam. Todavia, não é este o horizonte com o qual lidaremos. Interessa-nos perguntar pelos personagens ou “heterônimos” de Deleuze, o que seria pensar a sua filosofia a partir deles. Identificaremos dois, o perverso e o esquizo, sendo o perverso, a nosso ver, dominante em textos tão centrais como Diferença e repetição e a Lógica do sentido, e o esquizo o personagem que o destronará, passando a ser dominante não só no projeto geral de Capitalismo esquizofrenia, mas o personagem que definirá o destino de Deleuze, o devir-esquizo da sua filosofia. Focaremos aqui numa dimensão inicial deste estudo, na concepção do perverso enquanto sujeito que cria a gênese da filosofia de Deleuze em Diferença e repetição, mas também a maneira em que questões relacionadas com a esquizofrenia levam Deleuze a desconfiar do perverso. Optaremos por fazer o perverso tremer na obra (Diferença e repetição) onde ele ainda nem vislumbra a ameaça que o esquizofrênico apresenta, sendo este um trabalho preliminar para determinar em que condições Deleuze procurará (na Lógica do sentido) ‘salvar’ o perverso do esquizofrênico, acabando por abandoná-lo, já com Guattari, em favor do esquizo a partir de Capitalismo e esquizofrenia.

The first investigations undertaken on the site of the antique theatre Haut du Verger at Autun (Saône-et-Loire), in 2013, were followed by an unusual joint effort between an architecture specialist, geophysicians and archaeologists. The analyses of the aerial photography, the geophysical prospecting and the excavation campaign data enabled them to reproduce the building’s plan as a final synthesis of the planimetric and architectural data. This synthesis also shows some geometrical features about the building’s outline that could reveal several stages of restructuration of the building. This reconstruction of the building’s plan aims to optimize the architectural development of the investigation. It seems to highlight an unusual building principle in the theatre and mostly proves the relevance of this multidisciplinary joint effort.