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1. High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization

Author

Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Gorenz, D, Blake, K, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Booth, R, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland K., Van Lange P. A. M., Gorenz D., Blake K., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Boonyasiriwat W., Booth R. W., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Fischer R., Friese M., Gómez Á., González R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Ilustrisimo R. D., Jiga-Boy G. M., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Gorenz, D, Blake, K, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Booth, R, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland K., Van Lange P. A. M., Gorenz D., Blake K., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Boonyasiriwat W., Booth R. W., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Fischer R., Friese M., Gómez Á., González R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Ilustrisimo R. D., Jiga-Boy G. M., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization—that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life—as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as “disgust”, “hurt”, and “respect’). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people’s everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.

Published
2024

2. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.

Published
2023

3. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Author

Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Dejonckheere E., Rhee J. J., Baguma P. K., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Gomez A., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J. A., Novak L., Ausmees L., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Onyishi I. E., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. -L., Amiot C. E., Boonyasiriwat W., Peker M., Van Lange P. A. M., Vauclair C. -M., Kuppens P., Bastian B., Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Dejonckheere E., Rhee J. J., Baguma P. K., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Gomez A., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J. A., Novak L., Ausmees L., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Onyishi I. E., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. -L., Amiot C. E., Boonyasiriwat W., Peker M., Van Lange P. A. M., Vauclair C. -M., Kuppens P., and Bastian B.

Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.

Published
2022

4. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries

Author

Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, Yeung, VWL, Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, and Yeung, VWL

Abstract

What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our 'moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness-that is, the size of people's moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Published
2023

5. A 32‐society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping

Author

Tanjitpiyanond, P, Jetten, J, Peters, K, Ashokkumar, A, Barry, O, Billet, M, Becker, M, Booth, R, Castro, D, Chinchilla, J, Costantini, G, Dejonckheere, E, Dimdins, G, Erbas, Y, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Hatano, A, Hartwich, L, Jarukasemthawee, S, Karunagharan, J, Novak, L, Kim, J, Kohút, M, Liu, Y, Loughnan, S, Onyishi, I, Onyishi, C, Varela, M, Pattara‐angkoon, I, Peker, M, Pisitsungkagarn, K, Rizwan, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Turner, R, Vanhasbroeck, N, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wacera, G, Wang, Z, Wibisono, S, Yeung, V, Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida, Jetten, Jolanda, Peters, Kim, Ashokkumar, Ashwini, Barry, Oumar, Billet, Matthew, Becker, Maja, Booth, Robert W., Castro, Diego, Chinchilla, Juana, Costantini, Giulio, Dejonckheere, Egon, Dimdins, Girts, Erbas, Yasemin, Espinosa, Agustín, Finchilescu, Gillian, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Goto, Nobuhiko, Hatano, Aya, Hartwich, Lea, Jarukasemthawee, Somboon, Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar, Novak, Lindsay M., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Liu, Yi, Loughnan, Steve, Onyishi, Ike E., Onyishi, Charity N., Varela, Micaela, Pattara‐angkoon, Iris S., Peker, Müjde, Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya, Rizwan, Muhammad, Suh, Eunkook M., Swann, William, Tong, Eddie M. W., Turner, Rhiannon N., Vanhasbroeck, Niels, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Vauclair, Christin‐Melanie, Vinogradov, Alexander, Wacera, Grace, Wang, Zhechen, Wibisono, Susilo, Yeung, Victoria Wai‐Lan, Tanjitpiyanond, P, Jetten, J, Peters, K, Ashokkumar, A, Barry, O, Billet, M, Becker, M, Booth, R, Castro, D, Chinchilla, J, Costantini, G, Dejonckheere, E, Dimdins, G, Erbas, Y, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Hatano, A, Hartwich, L, Jarukasemthawee, S, Karunagharan, J, Novak, L, Kim, J, Kohút, M, Liu, Y, Loughnan, S, Onyishi, I, Onyishi, C, Varela, M, Pattara‐angkoon, I, Peker, M, Pisitsungkagarn, K, Rizwan, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Turner, R, Vanhasbroeck, N, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wacera, G, Wang, Z, Wibisono, S, Yeung, V, Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida, Jetten, Jolanda, Peters, Kim, Ashokkumar, Ashwini, Barry, Oumar, Billet, Matthew, Becker, Maja, Booth, Robert W., Castro, Diego, Chinchilla, Juana, Costantini, Giulio, Dejonckheere, Egon, Dimdins, Girts, Erbas, Yasemin, Espinosa, Agustín, Finchilescu, Gillian, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Goto, Nobuhiko, Hatano, Aya, Hartwich, Lea, Jarukasemthawee, Somboon, Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar, Novak, Lindsay M., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Liu, Yi, Loughnan, Steve, Onyishi, Ike E., Onyishi, Charity N., Varela, Micaela, Pattara‐angkoon, Iris S., Peker, Müjde, Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya, Rizwan, Muhammad, Suh, Eunkook M., Swann, William, Tong, Eddie M. W., Turner, Rhiannon N., Vanhasbroeck, Niels, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Vauclair, Christin‐Melanie, Vinogradov, Alexander, Wacera, Grace, Wang, Zhechen, Wibisono, Susilo, and Yeung, Victoria Wai‐Lan

Abstract

There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor.

Published
2023

6. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries

Author

Kirkland, K, Crimston, CR, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Talaifar, S, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, Bastian, B, Kirkland, K, Crimston, CR, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Talaifar, S, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, and Bastian, B

Abstract

What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our ‘moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness—that is, the size of people’s moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Published
2022

7. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Author

Dejonckheere, E., Rhee, J.J., Baguma, P.K., Barry, O., Becker, M., Bilewicz, M., Castelain, T., Costantini, G., Dimdins, G., Espinosa, A., Finchilescu, G., Friese, M., Gastardo-Conaco, M.C., Gómez, A., González, R., Goto, N., Halama, P., Hurtado-Parrado, C., Jiga-Boy, G.M., Karl, J.A., Novak, L., Ausmees, L., Loughnan, S., Mastor, K.A., McLatchie, N., Onyishi, I.E., Rizwan, M., Schaller, M., Serafimovska, E., Suh, E.M., Swann W.B., Jr, Tong, E.M.W., Torres, A., Turner, R.N., Vinogradov, A., Wang, Z., Yeung, V.W.-L., Amiot, C.E., Boonyasiriwat, W., Peker, M., Van Lange, P.A.M., Vauclair, C.-M., Kuppens, P., Bastian, B., Dejonckheere, E., Rhee, J.J., Baguma, P.K., Barry, O., Becker, M., Bilewicz, M., Castelain, T., Costantini, G., Dimdins, G., Espinosa, A., Finchilescu, G., Friese, M., Gastardo-Conaco, M.C., Gómez, A., González, R., Goto, N., Halama, P., Hurtado-Parrado, C., Jiga-Boy, G.M., Karl, J.A., Novak, L., Ausmees, L., Loughnan, S., Mastor, K.A., McLatchie, N., Onyishi, I.E., Rizwan, M., Schaller, M., Serafimovska, E., Suh, E.M., Swann W.B., Jr, Tong, E.M.W., Torres, A., Turner, R.N., Vinogradov, A., Wang, Z., Yeung, V.W.-L., Amiot, C.E., Boonyasiriwat, W., Peker, M., Van Lange, P.A.M., Vauclair, C.-M., Kuppens, P., and Bastian, B.

Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.

Published
2022

8. Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations.

Author

Kirkland, K, Van Lange, PAM, Van Doesum, NJ, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, RD, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyishi, IE, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Swann, WB, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, Bastian, B, Kirkland, K, Van Lange, PAM, Van Doesum, NJ, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, RD, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyishi, IE, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Swann, WB, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, and Bastian, B

Abstract

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.

Published
2022

10. Regaining In-Group Continuity in Times of Anxiety About the Group’s Future : A Study on the Role of Collective Nostalgia Across 27 Countries

Author

Smeekes, A.N., Jetten, J., Verkuyten, M.J.A.M., Wohl, M.J.A., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Ariyanto, A., Autin, F., Ayub, N., Badea, C., Besta, T., Butera, F., Costa-Lopes, R., Cui, L., Fantini, C., Finchilescu, G., Gaertner, L., Gollwitzer, M., Gómez, A., González, R., Hong, Y.Y., Høj Jensen, D., Karasawa, M., Kessler, T., Klein, O., Lima, M., Renvik, T.A., Megevand, L., Morton, T., Paladino, P., Polya, T., Ruza, A., Shahrazad, W., Sharma, S., Teymoori, A., Torres, A.R., Bles, A.M. van der, Smeekes, A.N., Jetten, J., Verkuyten, M.J.A.M., Wohl, M.J.A., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Ariyanto, A., Autin, F., Ayub, N., Badea, C., Besta, T., Butera, F., Costa-Lopes, R., Cui, L., Fantini, C., Finchilescu, G., Gaertner, L., Gollwitzer, M., Gómez, A., González, R., Hong, Y.Y., Høj Jensen, D., Karasawa, M., Kessler, T., Klein, O., Lima, M., Renvik, T.A., Megevand, L., Morton, T., Paladino, P., Polya, T., Ruza, A., Shahrazad, W., Sharma, S., Teymoori, A., Torres, A.R., and Bles, A.M. van der

Published
2018

11. Postnatal depression - an examination of psychosocial factors

Author

Mills, E.P., Finchilescu, G, and Lea, S.J.

Abstract

Postnatal depression (PND) has been underreported in South Africa. This retrospective study investigated factors which appear to predispose women to PND. Two groups, one consisting of women who suffered from PND and the other of women free of this complaint, provided information on a number of biological, psychological and social factors. In line with current opinion it was found that no single causative factor could be isolated but that a variety of factors may contribute to the problem. Among the factors which distinguishedJhe two groups were the mothers' emotional health during pregnancy, complications after birth, marital relations, relationship with their own mothers, social support and preparation for motherhood. An alarming finding was that a large proportion of the PND sufferers had not known of the disorder's existence before their own diagnosis.

Published
2016

12. Social identity theory and intergroup attributions

Author

Finchilescu, G, Finchilescu, Gillian, Jaspars, J, and Jaspers, J

Subjects
Group identity, Intergroup relations, Attribution (Social psychology)
Abstract

The central proposition of this thesis is that intergroup attributions and explanations, like any other intergroup behaviour, are affected by the perceived relations between the groups. Social Identity Theory (SIT) was adopted as the theoretical framework within which to investigate intergroup relations. According to this theory, intergroup behaviour is affected by the relative status the groups bear to each other, together with the perceived legitimacy and stability of this status hierarchy. The thesis proposes two amendments to the theory. It is argued that perceived legitimacy and perceived stability have different effects on intergroup behaviour and hence can not be subsumed under the general category of "insecure comparisons". It is also suggested that intragroup variability exists in these perceptions. A study was conducted which confirmed these propositions, and predictions emerging from SIT concerning the effect of these perceptions on intergroup behaviour and attitudes received considerable support. In examining the effect of the intergroup perception factors on bias in intergroup attributions, the thesis focuses on two types of groups: race and gender. Three types of attribution were considered in different studies: explanations of intergroup inequality, attributions of blame for rape or robbery and attributions for individual group members' actions and outcomes. The results indicate that the relative status of the groups, together with the perceptions of the legitimacy of this status hierarchy influence the first two - the explanations for inequality and the attributions of blame made to the victim and perpetrator of crimes. In general, it appears that the 'prise de conscience' of the illegitimacy of the intergroup situation is the motivating force in rejecting the domination of the high status group over the low status group, by members of both the high and low status groups. However, the third type of attributions, the intergroup explanations made for individual group members' actions and outcomes were not in general affected by these factors. It was suggested that either the intergroup aspect of these vignettes lacked the salience to elicit an intergroup response, or that the actors in the vignettes were treated as atypical of the groups.

Published
2016

13. Revisiting the measurement of anomie

Author

Teymoori, A. (Ali), Jetten, J. (Jolanda), Bastian, B. (Brock), Ariyanto, A. (Amarina), Autin, F. (Frédérique), Ayub, N. (Nadia), Badea, C. (Constantina), Besta, T. (Tomasz), Butera, F. (Fabrizio), Costa-Lopes, R. (Rui), Cui, L. (Lijuan), Fantini, C. (Carole), Finchilescu, G. (Gillian), Gaertner, L. (Lowell), Gollwitzer, M. (Mario), Gómez, Á. (Ángel), González, R. (Roberto), Hong, Y.Y. (Ying Yi), Jensen, D.H. (Dorthe Høj), Karasawa, M. (Minoru), Kessler, T. (Thomas), Klein, O. (Olivier), Lima, M. (Marcus), Mähönen, T.A. (Tuuli Anna), Megevand, L. (Laura), Morton, T. (Thomas), Paladino, P. (Paola), Polya, T. (Tibor), Ruza, A. (Aleksejs), Shahrazad, W. (Wan), Sharma, S. (Sushama), Torres, A.R. (Ana Raquel), Van Der Bles, A.M. (Anne Marthe), Wohl, M. (Michael), Teymoori, A. (Ali), Jetten, J. (Jolanda), Bastian, B. (Brock), Ariyanto, A. (Amarina), Autin, F. (Frédérique), Ayub, N. (Nadia), Badea, C. (Constantina), Besta, T. (Tomasz), Butera, F. (Fabrizio), Costa-Lopes, R. (Rui), Cui, L. (Lijuan), Fantini, C. (Carole), Finchilescu, G. (Gillian), Gaertner, L. (Lowell), Gollwitzer, M. (Mario), Gómez, Á. (Ángel), González, R. (Roberto), Hong, Y.Y. (Ying Yi), Jensen, D.H. (Dorthe Høj), Karasawa, M. (Minoru), Kessler, T. (Thomas), Klein, O. (Olivier), Lima, M. (Marcus), Mähönen, T.A. (Tuuli Anna), Megevand, L. (Laura), Morton, T. (Thomas), Paladino, P. (Paola), Polya, T. (Tibor), Ruza, A. (Aleksejs), Shahrazad, W. (Wan), Sharma, S. (Sushama), Torres, A.R. (Ana Raquel), Van Der Bles, A.M. (Anne Marthe), and Wohl, M. (Michael)

Published
2016
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14. Revisiting the Measurement of Anomie

Author

Eriksson, K, Teymoori, A, Jetten, J, Bastian, B, Ariyanto, A, Autin, F, Ayub, N, Badea, C, Besta, T, Butera, F, Costa-Lopes, R, Cui, L, Fantini, C, Finchilescu, G, Gaertner, L, Gollwitzer, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Hong, YY, Jensen, DH, Karasawa, M, Kessler, T, Klein, O, Lima, M, Mahonen, TA, Megevand, L, Morton, T, Paladino, P, Polya, T, Ruza, A, Shahrazad, W, Sharma, S, Torres, AR, van der Bles, AM, Wohl, M, Eriksson, K, Teymoori, A, Jetten, J, Bastian, B, Ariyanto, A, Autin, F, Ayub, N, Badea, C, Besta, T, Butera, F, Costa-Lopes, R, Cui, L, Fantini, C, Finchilescu, G, Gaertner, L, Gollwitzer, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Hong, YY, Jensen, DH, Karasawa, M, Kessler, T, Klein, O, Lima, M, Mahonen, TA, Megevand, L, Morton, T, Paladino, P, Polya, T, Ruza, A, Shahrazad, W, Sharma, S, Torres, AR, van der Bles, AM, and Wohl, M

Abstract

Sociologists coined the term "anomie" to describe societies that are characterized by disintegration and deregulation. Extending beyond conceptualizations of anomie that conflate the measurements of anomie as 'a state of society' and as a 'state of mind', we disentangle these conceptualizations and develop an analysis and measure of this phenomenon focusing on anomie as a perception of the 'state of society'. We propose that anomie encompasses two dimensions: a perceived breakdown in social fabric (i.e., disintegration as lack of trust and erosion of moral standards) and a perceived breakdown in leadership (i.e., deregulation as lack of legitimacy and effectiveness of leadership). Across six studies we present evidence for the validity of the new measure, the Perception of Anomie Scale (PAS). Studies 1a and 1b provide evidence for the proposed factor structure and internal consistency of PAS. Studies 2a-c provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, assessing PAS in 28 countries, we show that PAS correlates with national indicators of societal functioning and that PAS predicts national identification and well-being (Studies 3a & 3b). The broader implications of the anomie construct for the study of group processes are discussed.

Published
2016

15. What Makes a Group Worth Dying for? Identity Fusion Fosters Perception of Familial Ties, Promoting Self-Sacrifice

Author

Swann, WB, Buhrmester, MD, Gomez, A, Jetten, J, Bastian, B, Vazquez, A, Ariyanto, A, Besta, T, Christ, O, Cui, L, Finchilescu, G, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Hornsey, M, Sharma, S, Susianto, H, Zhang, A, Swann, WB, Buhrmester, MD, Gomez, A, Jetten, J, Bastian, B, Vazquez, A, Ariyanto, A, Besta, T, Christ, O, Cui, L, Finchilescu, G, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Hornsey, M, Sharma, S, Susianto, H, and Zhang, A

Abstract

We sought to identify the mechanisms that cause strongly fused individuals (those who have a powerful, visceral feeling of oneness with the group) to make extreme sacrifices for their group. A large multinational study revealed a widespread tendency for fused individuals to endorse making extreme sacrifices for their country. Nevertheless, when asked which of several groups they were most inclined to die for, most participants favored relatively small groups, such as family, over a large and extended group, such as country (Study 1). To integrate these findings, we proposed that a common mechanism accounts for the willingness of fused people to die for smaller and larger groups. Specifically, when fused people perceive that group members share core characteristics, they are more likely to project familial ties common in smaller groups onto the extended group, and this enhances willingness to fight and die for the larger group. Consistent with this, encouraging fused persons to focus on shared core characteristics of members of their country increased their endorsement of making extreme sacrifices for their country. This pattern emerged whether the core characteristics were biological (Studies 2 and 3) or psychological (Studies 4-6) and whether participants were from China, India, the United States, or Spain. Further, priming shared core values increased the perception of familial ties among fused group members, which, in turn, mediated the influence of fusion on endorsement of extreme sacrifices for the country (Study 5). Study 6 replicated this moderated mediation effect whether the core characteristics were positive or negative. Apparently, for strongly fused persons, recognizing that other group members share core characteristics makes extended groups seem "family like" and worth dying for.

Published
2014

18. What's changed? The racial orientations of South African adolescents during rapid political change.

Author

Dawes A and Finchilescu G

Abstract

The authors outline cross-sectional studies (across time and age) of the effects of the political changes in South Africa on the intergroup orientations of adolescents, as well as their orientations to the new democracy. The study was undertaken between 1992 (before the end of apartheid) and 1996 (after apartheid), with 14-year-old and 17-year-old high school students from formerly designated Black, Coloured, White and Indian population groups. Participants completed Duckitt's Subtle Racism Anti-Black Scale, a Repertory Grid following Kelly and measures of adjustment to political change. The results indicate that levels of anti-Black African racism, particularly among Whites previously advantaged under apartheid, were high in both years, and have increased with the emergence of the new state. The study found in addition, that orientations towards the new political dispensation were related to levels of racism. Some evidence of outgroup preference for Whites was evident among Black participants, while a degree of outgroup rejection of other Black groups was also evident among these groups in 1996. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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19. Effect of incompatibility between internal and external group membership criteria on intergroup behaviour.

Author

Finchilescu, G.

Subjects
*BEHAVIOR, *SOCIAL groups, *INTERPERSONAL relations, *SOCIAL psychology, *CULTURE, *SOCIAL status, *MEMBERSHIP
Abstract

Group membership generally entails that individuals are both defined, and define themselves, as members of that group. This study investigated the effect of incompatibility between these definitions on intergroup behaviour. Subjects were allocated to one of two groups of differential status such that the allocation was compatible or incompatible with their self-categorization. The results indicated that the effect of incompatibility depended on the status of the group imposed on the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1986
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20. Group-Induced Decision Polarization: Further Generalizations

Author

Foster, D.H. and Finchilescu, G.

Abstract

Three experiments on the group polarization phenomenon are reported. Experiments 1 and 2 found decision polarization on issues relevant to the South African socio-political context and among groups meeting repeatedly, over four sessions. Polarization in these more established groups was similar to that in typical single-session groups at the group decision stage, but established groups retained the degree of polarization to a greater extent. Nominal groups failed to polarize. Experiment 3 also found polarization with socially relevant items (attitudes towards women's equality) but failed to find differential effects owing to real and ‘symbolic encounters’. Overall, these results extend the generalizability of polarization, particularly to more established groups and with issues relevant to socio-political contexts. Additional findings concern group-size effects, methodological aspects, and recidivism of polarization effects.

Published
1985
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21. A 32‐society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping

Author

Porntida Tanjitpiyanond, Jolanda Jetten, Kim Peters, Ashwini Ashokkumar, Oumar Barry, Matthew Billet, Maja Becker, Robert W. Booth, Diego Castro, Juana Chinchilla, Giulio Costantini, Egon Dejonckheere, Girts Dimdins, Yasemin Erbas, Agustín Espinosa, Gillian Finchilescu, Ángel Gómez, Roberto González, Nobuhiko Goto, Aya Hatano, Lea Hartwich, Somboon Jarukasemthawee, Jaya Kumar Karunagharan, Lindsay M. Novak, Jinseok P. Kim, Michal Kohút, Yi Liu, Steve Loughnan, Ike E. Onyishi, Charity N. Onyishi, Micaela Varela, Iris S. Pattara‐angkoon, Müjde Peker, Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn, Muhammad Rizwan, Eunkook M. Suh, William Swann, Eddie M. W. Tong, Rhiannon N. Turner, Niels Vanhasbroeck, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Christin‐Melanie Vauclair, Alexander Vinogradov, Grace Wacera, Zhechen Wang, Susilo Wibisono, Victoria Wai‐Lan Yeung, Social Psychology, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, IBBA, A-LAB, Peker, Müjde, Tanjitpiyanond, P [0000-0003-4144-8816], Peters, K [0000-0001-8091-8636], González, R [0000-0002-1824-6215], Turner, RN [0000-0002-0393-8593], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Tanjitpiyanond, P, Jetten, J, Peters, K, Ashokkumar, A, Barry, O, Billet, M, Becker, M, Booth, R, Castro, D, Chinchilla, J, Costantini, G, Dejonckheere, E, Dimdins, G, Erbas, Y, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Hatano, A, Hartwich, L, Jarukasemthawee, S, Karunagharan, J, Novak, L, Kim, J, Kohút, M, Liu, Y, Loughnan, S, Onyishi, I, Onyishi, C, Varela, M, Pattara‐angkoon, I, Peker, M, Pisitsungkagarn, K, Rizwan, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Turner, R, Vanhasbroeck, N, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wacera, G, Wang, Z, Wibisono, S, Yeung, V, and Medical and Clinical Psychology

Subjects
cross-culture, Social Psychology, cross‐culture, Social Sciences, 5205 Social and Personality Psychology, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Psychology, Social, RESEARCH ARTICLES, JUSTIFICATION, RESEARCH ARTICLE, 52 Psychology, stereotyping, Psychology, social class, 10 Reduced Inequalities, social cla, economic inequality
Abstract

There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor. © 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. WOS:000880016700001 2-s2.0-85141616689 Social Sciences Citation Index Q2 Article Uluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVET 2022 YÖK - 2022-23 Kasım

Published
2022
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22. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Author

Egon Dejonckheere, Joshua J. Rhee, Peter K. Baguma, Oumar Barry, Maja Becker, Michał Bilewicz, Thomas Castelain, Giulio Costantini, Girts Dimdins, Agustín Espinosa, Gillian Finchilescu, Malte Friese, Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Angel Gómez, Roberto González, Nobuhiko Goto, Peter Halama, Camilo Hurtado-Parrado, Gabriela M. Jiga-Boy, Johannes A. Karl, Lindsay Novak, Liisi Ausmees, Steve Loughnan, Khairul A. Mastor, Neil McLatchie, Ike E. Onyishi, Muhammad Rizwan, Mark Schaller, Eleonora Serafimovska, Eunkook M. Suh, William B. Swann, Eddie M. W. Tong, Ana Torres, Rhiannon N. Turner, Alexander Vinogradov, Zhechen Wang, Victoria Wai-lan Yeung, Catherine E. Amiot, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, Müjde Peker, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Peter Kuppens, Brock Bastian, Medical and Clinical Psychology, Peker, Müjde, Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Social Psychology, IBBA, and A-LAB

Subjects
Adult, SATISFACTION, Happiness, Happine, Major clinical study, PEOPLE, Humans, Peer Influence, SEEKING HAPPINESS, ASSOCIATIONS, Cross-Sectional Studie, Emotion, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, Wellbeing, human behaviour, NEGATIVE AFFECT, Multicenter study, Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica], Multidisciplinary Sciences, MODEL, Clinical indicator, Cross-Sectional Studies, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, depression, Science & Technology - Other Topics, EXPERIENCE, VALUING HAPPINESS, Perception, MENTAL-HEALTH, Human
Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some. WOS:000757537100060 2-s2.0-85124776484 PMID: 35177625 Science Citation Index Expanded Q1 Article Uluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVET Şubat 2022 YÖK - 2021-22 Şubat

Published
2022
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23. Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations

Author

Kelly Kirkland, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Niels J. Van Doesum, Cesar Acevedo-Triana, Catherine E. Amiot, Liisi Ausmees, Peter Baguma, Oumar Barry, Maja Becker, Michal Bilewicz, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, Thomas Castelain, Giulio Costantini, Girts Dimdins, Agustín Espinosa, Gillian Finchilescu, Ronald Fischer, Malte Friese, Ángel Gómez, Roberto González, Nobuhiko Goto, Peter Halama, Ruby D. Ilustrisimo, Gabriela M. Jiga-Boy, Peter Kuppens, Steve Loughnan, Marijana Markovik, Khairul A. Mastor, Neil McLatchie, Lindsay M. Novak, Ike E. Onyishi, Müjde Peker, Muhammad Rizwan, Mark Schaller, Eunkook M. Suh, William B. Swann, Eddie M. W. Tong, Ana Torres, Rhiannon N. Turner, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Alexander Vinogradov, Zhechen Wang, Victoria Wai Lan Yeung, Brock Bastian, Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Van Doesum, N, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyishi, I, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Peker, Müjde, Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, and Amsterdam Sustainability Institute

Subjects
SDG 16 - Peace, Social Psychology, Emigrants and Immigrants, immigrant, climate protection, Ecology, Environment, Verhalten, psychology, migration, Ökologie und Umwelt, community participation controlled study, Natur, ddc:150, Klimaschutz, Humans, Ökologie, controlled study, human, ddc:577, Migration, Sociology of Migration, Social sciences, sociology, anthropology, clinical article, mindfulne, Multidisciplinary, Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Ecology, Nachhaltigkeit, behavior, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, article, nature, soziale Einstellung, organization, sustainability, prejudice, Justice and Strong Institutions, social attitude, Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica], Psychologie, social capital, ddc:300, community participation, Sozialpsychologie, Vorurteil, Mindfulness, EVS, EVS 2017 (ZA7500 v5.0.0)
Abstract

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice – known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance – a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.

Published
2022
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24. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Matthew J. Hornsey, Samuel Pearson, Jemima Kang, Kai Sassenberg, Jolanda Jetten, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Lucia G. Medina, Catherine E. Amiot, Liisi Ausmees, Peter Baguma, Oumar Barry, Maja Becker, Michal Bilewicz, Thomas Castelain, Giulio Costantini, Girts Dimdins, Agustín Espinosa, Gillian Finchilescu, Malte Friese, Roberto González, Nobuhiko Goto, Ángel Gómez, Peter Halama, Ruby Ilustrisimo, Gabriela M. Jiga‐Boy, Johannes Karl, Peter Kuppens, Steve Loughnan, Marijana Markovikj, Khairul A. Mastor, Neil McLatchie, Lindsay M. Novak, Blessing N. Onyekachi, Müjde Peker, Muhammad Rizwan, Mark Schaller, Eunkook M. Suh, Sanaz Talaifar, Eddie M. W. Tong, Ana Torres, Rhiannon N. Turner, Christin‐Melanie Vauclair, Alexander Vinogradov, Zhechen Wang, Victoria Wai Lan Yeung, Brock Bastian, Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Social Psychology, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, IBBA, A-LAB, and Peker Booth, Mujde

Subjects
CONSEQUENCES, SDG 16 - Peace, Social Psychology, Psicologia social, conspiracy belief, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Conspiracy theories, Social Sciences, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Conspiració, Teories de la, Psychology, Social, conspiracies, Social psychology, Justice and Strong Institutions, GDP, Social representations, conspiracy beliefs, economic vitality, conspiracie, ORIGINS, political trust, Psychology, Representacions socials
Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis. WOS:000869285600001 2-s2.0-85132525534 Social Sciences Citation Index Q2 Article; Early Access Uluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVET October 2022 YÖK - 2022-23 Ekim

Published
2022
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25. High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization.

Author

Kirkland K, Van Lange PAM, Gorenz D, Blake K, Amiot CE, Ausmees L, Baguma P, Barry O, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Boonyasiriwat W, Booth RW, Castelain T, Costantini G, Dimdins G, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Fischer R, Friese M, Gómez Á, González R, Goto N, Halama P, Hurtado-Parrado C, Ilustrisimo RD, Jiga-Boy GM, Kuppens P, Loughnan S, Mastor KA, McLatchie N, Novak LM, Onyekachi BN, Rizwan M, Schaller M, Serafimovska E, Suh EM, Swann WB Jr, Tong EMW, Torres A, Turner RN, Vauclair CM, Vinogradov A, Wang Z, Yeung VWL, and Bastian B

Abstract

Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization-that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life-as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as "disgust", "hurt", and "respect'). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people's everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences.)

Published
2024
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26. Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations.

Author

Kirkland K, Van Lange PAM, Van Doesum NJ, Acevedo-Triana C, Amiot CE, Ausmees L, Baguma P, Barry O, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Boonyasiriwat W, Castelain T, Costantini G, Dimdins G, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Fischer R, Friese M, Gómez Á, González R, Goto N, Halama P, Ilustrisimo RD, Jiga-Boy GM, Kuppens P, Loughnan S, Markovik M, Mastor KA, McLatchie N, Novak LM, Onyishi IE, Peker M, Rizwan M, Schaller M, Suh EM, Swann WB Jr, Tong EMW, Torres A, Turner RN, Vauclair CM, Vinogradov A, Wang Z, Yeung VWL, and Bastian B

Subjects
Humans, Mindfulness, Emigrants and Immigrants
Abstract

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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27. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations.

Author

Dejonckheere E, Rhee JJ, Baguma PK, Barry O, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Castelain T, Costantini G, Dimdins G, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Friese M, Gastardo-Conaco MC, Gómez A, González R, Goto N, Halama P, Hurtado-Parrado C, Jiga-Boy GM, Karl JA, Novak L, Ausmees L, Loughnan S, Mastor KA, McLatchie N, Onyishi IE, Rizwan M, Schaller M, Serafimovska E, Suh EM, Swann WB Jr, Tong EMW, Torres A, Turner RN, Vinogradov A, Wang Z, Yeung VW, Amiot CE, Boonyasiriwat W, Peker M, Van Lange PAM, Vauclair CM, Kuppens P, and Bastian B

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Happiness, Peer Influence, Perception
Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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28. Experiences of Gender-Based Violence at a South African University: Prevalence and Effect on Rape Myth Acceptance.

Author

Finchilescu G and Dugard J

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Students, Universities, Gender-Based Violence, Rape
Abstract

Instances of gender-based violence (GBV) on university campuses are rarely reported to the authorities. This makes it difficult to gauge the prevalence of this problem, which in turn affects efforts for prevention. This article describes a university-wide online survey aimed at assessing, first, the prevalence of GBV experienced by the three sectors in the community-students, academic and research staff, and professional/administrative staff. Many of the findings concurred with research elsewhere-students were the predominant victims of GBV; men were the main perpetrators; and instances of rape occurred mainly when the victim/survivor was under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In contrast to some of the more well-known U.S. surveys (e.g., Georgetown University), we found relatively few instances of students being exploited by staff members. Occurrences of contrapower harassment were also reported in our survey. The second aim investigated whether rape myth acceptance was related to experiences of GBV. We found that women who had these experiences were more rejecting of rape myths than women who had not had such experiences. The opposite was found for White men. White men who had experienced GBV were more accepting of the rape myths than those who had not had such experiences. It was suggested that this reflected a need for these male victims to establish their hegemonic masculine identity. In general, the level of rape myth acceptance was relatively low. This suggested that widespread victim-blame, and self-blame does not account for the low levels of GBV reports to officials. A limitation of the study was the relatively low response rate (1,350 respondents), which was likely caused by the student protests over university fees that were ongoing at the time of the survey. These protests caused considerable disturbance for all sectors of the university community.

Published
2021
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29. "Our Country Needs a Strong Leader Right Now": Economic Inequality Enhances the Wish for a Strong Leader.

Author

Sprong S, Jetten J, Wang Z, Peters K, Mols F, Verkuyten M, Bastian B, Ariyanto A, Autin F, Ayub N, Badea C, Besta T, Butera F, Costa-Lopes R, Cui L, Fantini C, Finchilescu G, Gaertner L, Gollwitzer M, Gómez Á, González R, Hong YY, Jensen DH, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Karasawa M, Kessler T, Klein O, Lima M, Mégevand L, Morton T, Paladino P, Polya T, Renvik TA, Ruza A, Shahrazad W, Shama S, Smith HJ, Torres AR, van der Bles AM, and Wohl MJA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Anomie, Australia, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Interpersonal Relations, Leadership, Political Systems, Socioeconomic Factors
Abstract

Societal inequality has been found to harm the mental and physical health of its members and undermine overall social cohesion. Here, we tested the hypothesis that economic inequality is associated with a wish for a strong leader in a study involving 28 countries from five continents (Study 1, N = 6,112), a study involving an Australian community sample (Study 2, N = 515), and two experiments (Study 3a, N = 96; Study 3b, N = 296). We found correlational (Studies 1 and 2) and experimental (Studies 3a and 3b) evidence for our prediction that higher inequality enhances the wish for a strong leader. We also found that this relationship is mediated by perceptions of anomie, except in the case of objective inequality in Study 1. This suggests that societal inequality enhances the perception that society is breaking down (anomie) and that a strong leader is needed to restore order (even when that leader is willing to challenge democratic values).

Published
2019
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30. Revisiting the Measurement of Anomie.

Author

Teymoori A, Jetten J, Bastian B, Ariyanto A, Autin F, Ayub N, Badea C, Besta T, Butera F, Costa-Lopes R, Cui L, Fantini C, Finchilescu G, Gaertner L, Gollwitzer M, Gómez Á, González R, Hong YY, Jensen DH, Karasawa M, Kessler T, Klein O, Lima M, Mähönen TA, Megevand L, Morton T, Paladino P, Polya T, Ruza A, Shahrazad W, Sharma S, Torres AR, van der Bles AM, and Wohl M

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, North America, Politics, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Anomie, Socioeconomic Factors, Trust
Abstract

Sociologists coined the term "anomie" to describe societies that are characterized by disintegration and deregulation. Extending beyond conceptualizations of anomie that conflate the measurements of anomie as 'a state of society' and as a 'state of mind', we disentangle these conceptualizations and develop an analysis and measure of this phenomenon focusing on anomie as a perception of the 'state of society'. We propose that anomie encompasses two dimensions: a perceived breakdown in social fabric (i.e., disintegration as lack of trust and erosion of moral standards) and a perceived breakdown in leadership (i.e., deregulation as lack of legitimacy and effectiveness of leadership). Across six studies we present evidence for the validity of the new measure, the Perception of Anomie Scale (PAS). Studies 1a and 1b provide evidence for the proposed factor structure and internal consistency of PAS. Studies 2a-c provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, assessing PAS in 28 countries, we show that PAS correlates with national indicators of societal functioning and that PAS predicts national identification and well-being (Studies 3a & 3b). The broader implications of the anomie construct for the study of group processes are discussed.

Published
2016
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31. What makes a group worth dying for? Identity fusion fosters perception of familial ties, promoting self-sacrifice.

Author

Swann WB, Buhrmester MD, Gómez A, Jetten J, Bastian B, Vázquez A, Ariyanto A, Besta T, Christ O, Cui L, Finchilescu G, González R, Goto N, Hornsey M, Sharma S, Susianto H, and Zhang A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Culture, Emotions physiology, Female, Humans, Identification, Psychological, Internationality, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Students psychology, Young Adult, Altruism, Attitude to Death, Family psychology, Social Identification, Social Perception
Abstract

We sought to identify the mechanisms that cause strongly fused individuals (those who have a powerful, visceral feeling of oneness with the group) to make extreme sacrifices for their group. A large multinational study revealed a widespread tendency for fused individuals to endorse making extreme sacrifices for their country. Nevertheless, when asked which of several groups they were most inclined to die for, most participants favored relatively small groups, such as family, over a large and extended group, such as country (Study 1). To integrate these findings, we proposed that a common mechanism accounts for the willingness of fused people to die for smaller and larger groups. Specifically, when fused people perceive that group members share core characteristics, they are more likely to project familial ties common in smaller groups onto the extended group, and this enhances willingness to fight and die for the larger group. Consistent with this, encouraging fused persons to focus on shared core characteristics of members of their country increased their endorsement of making extreme sacrifices for their country. This pattern emerged whether the core characteristics were biological (Studies 2 and 3) or psychological (Studies 4-6) and whether participants were from China, India, the United States, or Spain. Further, priming shared core values increased the perception of familial ties among fused group members, which, in turn, mediated the influence of fusion on endorsement of extreme sacrifices for the country (Study 5). Study 6 replicated this moderated mediation effect whether the core characteristics were positive or negative. Apparently, for strongly fused persons, recognizing that other group members share core characteristics makes extended groups seem "family like" and worth dying for.

Published
2014
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32. Postnatal depression--an examination of psychosocial factors.

Author

Mills EP, Finchilescu G, and Lea SJ

Subjects
Adult, Depressive Disorder therapy, Female, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Menstruation Disturbances complications, Mother-Child Relations, Parenting psychology, Parity, Personality, Pregnancy, Psychological Tests, Puerperal Disorders therapy, Retrospective Studies, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depressive Disorder psychology, Marriage, Puerperal Disorders psychology
Abstract

Postnatal depression (PND) has been underreported in South Africa. This retrospective study investigated factors which appear to predispose women to PND. Two groups, one consisting of women who suffered from PND and the other of women free of this complaint, provided information on a number of biological, psychological and social factors. In line with current opinion it was found that no single causative factor could be isolated but that a variety of factors may contribute to the problem. Among the factors which distinguished the two groups were the mothers' emotional health during pregnancy, complications after birth, marital relations, relationship with their own mothers, social support and preparation for motherhood. An alarming finding was that a large proportion of the PND sufferers had not known of the disorder's existence before their own diagnosis.

Published
1995

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