182 results on '"Findlow, J"'
Search Results
2. Induction of Immunological Memory in UK Infants by a Meningococcal A/C Conjugate Vaccine
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Borrow, R., Fox, A. J., Richmond, P. C., Clark, S., Sadler, F., Findlow, J., Morris, R., Begg, N. T., and Cartwright, K. A. V.
- Published
- 2000
3. The effect of medical nutrition therapy on changes in dietary knowledge and DASH diet adherence in older adults with cardiovascular disease
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Racine, E., Troyer, J. L., Warren-Findlow, J., and McAuley, William J.
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- 2011
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4. Meningococcal meningitis in two patients with primary antibody deficiency treated with replacement intravenous immunoglobulin
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Lear, S, Eren, E, Findlow, J, Borrow, R, Webster, D, and Jolles, S
- Published
- 2006
5. Potential coverage of the 4CMenB vaccine against invasive serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis isolated from 2009 to 2013 in the Republic of Ireland
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Mulhall, R, Bennett, D, Cunney, R, Borrow, R, Lucidarme, J, Findlow, J, Jolley, K, Bray, J, Maiden, M, Moschioni, M, Serino, L, Stella, M, and Medini, D
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porA ,4CMenB ,MenB ,NHBA ,vaccine ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,fHbp ,MATS ,Neisseria meningitidis ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,NadA - Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults worldwide. The 4CMenB vaccine (Bexsero), developed to combat meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) disease, contains subcapsular antigens that may induce immunity against strains of N. meningitidis, regardless of serogroup. Owing to differential levels of expression and peptide diversity in vaccine antigens across meningococcal strains, the meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) was developed to estimate the potential MenB strain coverage of 4CMenB. Prior to introducing the 4CMenB vaccine into routine use, we sought to estimate the potential 4CMenB coverage against invasive MenB strains isolated in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) over four consecutive epidemiological years. MATS was applied to a panel of 105 invasive MenB strains isolated during July 2009 to June 2013. Sequence data characterizing the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) alleles and the major 4CMenB target peptides were extracted from isolate genome sequence data, hosted in the Bacterial Isolate Sequencing database (BIGSdb). MATS data indicated that 4CMenB may induce protective immunity against 69.5% (95% confidence interval [CI95%], 64.8% to 84.8%) of circulating MenB strains. Estimated coverage was highest against the most prevalent disease-causing lineage, cc41/44, where the most frequently observed sequence types, ST-154 and ST-41 (21% of isolates, collectively), were typically covered by three antigens. No significant temporal trends were observed. Overall, these data provide a baseline of strain coverage prior to the introduction of 4CMenB and indicate that a decrease in invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is predicted following the introduction of 4CMenB into the routine infant immunization schedule in the RoI. IMPORTANCE The meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures both the levels of expression and the immune reactivity of the three recombinant 4CMenB antigens. Together with PorA variable-region sequence data, this system provides an estimation of how susceptible MenB isolates are to killing by 4CMenB vaccine-induced antibodies. Assays based on subcapsular antigen phenotype analyses, such as MATS, are important in situations where conventional vaccine coverage estimations are not possible. Subcapsular antigens are typically highly diverse across strains, and vaccine coverage estimations would require unfeasibly large efficacy trials and screening of an exhaustive strain panel for antibody functional activity. Here, MATS was applied to all invasive meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) strains isolated over four consecutive epidemiological years (n = 105) and predicted reasonably high 4CMenB vaccine coverage in the Republic of Ireland.
- Published
- 2018
6. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) seroprevalence and current epidemiology in England and Wales
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Collins, S, Litt, D, Almond, R, Findlow, J, Linley, E, Ramsay, M, Borrow, R, and Ladhani, S
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INTRODUCTION: The introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine in the United Kingdom resulted in a rapid decline in invasive Hib disease across all age groups. However, a resurgence in 2000-2002 prompted the introduction of additional control measures, including a routine 12-month booster in 2006. Here we describe results from a national serosurvey in children eligible for the 12-month booster and recent Haemophilus influenzae epidemiology in England and Wales. METHODS: A national serosurvey was performed to determine the prevalence of anti-polyribosyl-phosphate (anti-PRP) IgG antibodies in 1000 residual samples from children up to 8 years of age in 2013-2014. Data were compared to previous national serosurveys performed by the same laboratory. Current epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae disease in England and Wales is also reported. RESULTS: Median anti-PRP IgG concentrations were highest among 1 year olds at 4.5 µg/mL (95%CI, 0.93-33.6; n = 55) and then declined rapidly but remained ≥1.0 µg/mL across the age-groups in the cohort eligible for the 12-month booster. Overall, 89% of children (719/817) had anti-PRP concentrations ≥0.15 µg/mL, the putative threshold for short-term protectionagainst invasive Hib disease. During 2012-2016, annual Hib disease incidence remained below one case per million population, with only 67 of 3523 (2.5%) laboratory-confirmed H. influenzae cases and one case of Hib meningitis during the 5-year period. There were only two deaths within 30 days over the five-year period (case fatality rate, 3.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Hib control in England and Wales is currently the best achieved since the vaccine was introduced more than two decades ago. However, Hib antibodies wane rapidly after the 12 months booster. Although most children remain protected against disease, antibody levels may not be high enough to prevent carriage among toddlers. Ongoing monitoring is essential to inform future vaccination policy.
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- 2018
7. An international invasive meningococcal disease outbreak due to a novel and rapidly expanding serogroup W strain, Scotland and Sweden, July to August 2015
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Lucidarme, J., Scott, K.L., Ure, R., Smith, A., Lindsay, D., Stenmark, B., Jacobsson, S., Fredlund, H., Cameron, J.C., Smith-Palmer, A., McMenamin, J., Gray, S.J., Campbell, H., Ladhani, S., Findlow, J., Mölling, P., and Borrow, R.
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The 23rd World Scout Jamboree in 2015 took place in Japan and included over 33,000 scouts from 162 countries. Within nine days of the meeting ending, six cases of laboratory-confirmed invasive serogroup W meningococcal disease occurred among scouts and their close contacts in Scotland and Sweden. The isolates responsible were identical to one-another by routine typing and, where known (4 isolates), belonged to the ST-11 clonal complex (cc11) which is associated with large outbreaks and high case fatality rates. Recent studies have demonstrated the need for high-resolution genomic typing schemes to assign serogroup W cc11 isolates to several distinct strains circulating globally over the past two decades. Here we used such schemes to confirm that the Jamboree-associated cases constituted a genuine outbreak and that this was due to a novel and rapidly expanding strain descended from the strain that has recently expanded in South America and the United Kingdom. We also identify the genetic differences that define the novel strain including four point mutations and three putative recombination events involving the horizontal exchange of 17, six and two genes, respectively. Noteworthy outcomes of these changes were antigenic shifts and the disruption of a transcriptional regulator.
- Published
- 2016
8. Characterization of fHbp, nhba (gna2132), nadA, porA, sequence type (ST), and genomic presence of IS1301 in group B meningococcal ST269 clonal complex isolates from England and Wales
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Lucidarme, J, Comanducci, M, Findlow, J, Gray, SJ, Kaczmarski, EB, Guiver, M, Kugelberg, E, Vallely, PJ, Oster, P, Pizza, M, Bambini, S, Muzzi, A, Tang, CM, and Borrow, R
- Abstract
Highly effective glycoconjugate vaccines exist against four of the five major pathogenic groups of meningococci: A, C, W-135, and Y. An equivalent vaccine against group B meningococci (menB) has remained elusive due to the poorly immunogenic capsular polysaccharide. A promising alternative, the investigational recombinant menB (rMenB)- outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine, contains fHBP, NHBA (previously GNA2132), NadA, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from the New Zealand MeNZB vaccine. MenB currently accounts for 90% of meningococcal disease in England and Wales, where the multilocus sequence type (ST) 269 (ST269) clonal complex (cc269) has recently expanded to account for a third of menB cases. To assess the potential cc269 coverage of the rMenB-OMV vaccine, English and Welsh cc269 isolates from the past decade were genetically characterized with respect to fHBP, NHBA, and NadA. All of the isolates harbored fHbp and nhba alleles, while 98% of the cc269 isolates were devoid of nadA. Subvariant profiling of fHbp, nhba, and porA against STs revealed the presence of two broadly distinct and well-defined clusters of isolates, centered around ST269 and ST275, respectively. An additional molecular marker, insertion sequence IS1301, was found to be present in 100% and
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- 2016
9. 57th American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene annual meeting
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Haidara, F.C., Sow, S.O., Brown, O., Diallo, A., Iosi, M.P.P., Marcheti, E., Chaumont, J., Tapia, M., Agdebola, R., Idoko, I., Arduin, Pascal, Borrow, R., Carlone, G., Akinsola, A., Parulekar, V., Plikyatis, B., Findlow, J., Elie, C., Laforce, M., Kulkarni, P., and Viviani, S.
- Published
- 2008
10. Immunogenicity and safety of three doses of a bivalent (B : 4 : P1.19,15 and B : 4 : P1.7-2,4) meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine in healthy adolescents
- Author
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Boutriau D, Poolman J, Borrow R, Findlow J, Domingo J, Puig-Barbera J, Baldo J, Planelles V, Jubert A, Colomer J, Gil A, Levie K, Kervyn A, Weynants V, Dominguez F, Barbera R, and Sotolongo F
- Abstract
An experimental bivalent meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine (B:4:P1.19,15 and BA: P1.7-2,4) has been developed to provide wide vaccine coverage particularly of the circulating strains in Europe. A randomized, controlled phase II study (study identification number, 710158/002; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number, NCT00137917) to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of three doses of the OMV vaccine when given to healthy 12- to 18-year-olds on a 0-2-4 month (n = 162) or 0-1-6 month schedule (n = 159). A control group received two doses of hepatitis A and one of conjugated meningococcal serogroup C vaccine on a 0-1-6 month schedule (n = 157). Immune response, defined as a fourfold increase in serum bactericidal titer using a range of vaccine-homologous or PorA-related and heterologous strains, was determined for samples taken before and 1 month after vaccination; assays were performed at two laboratories. As measured at the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) laboratory, the OMV vaccine induced an immune response against homologous or PorA-related strains (in at least 51% of subjects against strains of serosubtype P1.19,15 and at least 66% against strains of serosubtype P1.7-2,4) and against a set of three heterologous strains (in 28% to 46% of subjects). Both laboratories showed consistent results for immune response rates. The OMV vaccine had a similar reactogenicity profile for each schedule. Pain preventing normal activities occurred in approximately one-fifth of the subjects; this was significantly higher than in the control group. The immune responses induced by the bivalent OMV vaccine demonstrated the induction of bactericidal antibodies against the vaccinehomologous/PorA-related strains but also against heterologous strains, indicating the presence of protective antigens in OMVs and confirming the potential of clinical cross-protection.
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- 2007
11. Qualitative Research in JG:SS--"I'll Take a Side of Coleslaw With That"
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Warren-Findlow, J., primary
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- 2013
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12. Polysaccharide–protein conjugate vaccination induces antibody production but not sustained B-cell memory in the human nasopharyngeal mucosa
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Clarke, E T, primary, Williams, N A, additional, Dull, P M, additional, Findlow, J, additional, Borrow, R, additional, Finn, A, additional, and Heyderman, R S, additional
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- 2013
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13. Haemophilus influenzae serotype B (Hib) seroprevalence in England and Wales in 2009
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Ladhani, S N, primary, Ramsay, M E, additional, Flood, J S, additional, Campbell, H, additional, Slack, M P, additional, Pebody, R, additional, Findlow, J, additional, Newton, E, additional, Wilding, M, additional, Warrington, R, additional, Crawford, H, additional, Min, S Y, additional, Gray, K, additional, Martin, S, additional, Frankland, S, additional, Bokuvha, N, additional, Laher, G, additional, and Borrow, R, additional
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- 2012
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14. Intergenerational Transmission of Chronic Illness Self-care: Results From the Caring for Hypertension in African American Families Study
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Warren-Findlow, J., primary, Seymour, R. B., additional, and Shenk, D., additional
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- 2010
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15. Primary care providers' sources and preferences for cognitive health information in the United States
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Warren-Findlow, J., primary, Price, A. E., additional, Hochhalter, A. K., additional, and Laditka, J. N., additional
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- 2010
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16. Immunisation of immunocompromised children against pneumococcus: which vaccine should now be used?: Abstract G164 Table 1
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Finn, A, primary, Dymond, S, additional, Findlow, J, additional, Webb, N, additional, Nagra, A, additional, Borrow, R, additional, and McGraw, M, additional
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- 2010
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17. Pilot study of human experimental challenge with neisseria lactamica
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Evans, C., primary, Gorringe, A., additional, Matheson, M., additional, Pratt, C., additional, Borrow, R., additional, Findlow, J., additional, and Read, R.C., additional
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- 2008
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18. Effects of a long-term community-based exercise program on older adults with multiple chronic illnesses
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Prohaska, T. and Warren-Findlow, J.
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Health ,Seniors - Abstract
To date, exercise health promotion programs with older adults have targeted healthier individuals and have examined short-term outcomes. Studies looking at the effect of exercise on persons with chronic illness focus on outcomes relating to a single specific chronic illness. This longitudinal study targeted older, frail adults, especially African Americans, who have multiple chronic illnesses. The major premise is that an exercise program that links exercise with chronic disease management will increase adherence in older adults with multiple chronic illnesses. Assessments of physical functioning, psychological functioning, depression, illness and symptom management, and fitness performance measures are analyzed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months using General Estimating Equations (GEE). Results indicate that improvements in measures of function, health status, and symptom management have been achieved at early assessment periods. The findings indicate that linking positive health outcomes of exercise to chronic disease management motivates participants to adhere to an exercise regimen and to make other life style changes.
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- 2002
19. Explanatory models of heart disease in older Black women and their influence on illness management behaviors
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Warren-Findlow, J.
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Health ,Seniors - Abstract
Older Black women in the United States are at high risk for the consequences of heart disease, both from co-morbidities and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Persons with non-obstructive heart disease (those who have not had an acute cardiac event or surgical procedure) are recommended to begin exercising, eat a low-fat diet, take medications, quit smoking and lose weight. It is unclear what older Black women believe about their heart disease and possible preventive behaviors. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to elicit the illness perceptions of older Black women diagnosed with non-obstructive heart disease. Using Kleinman's explanatory models of illness as the basis for the interview guide, women discussed perceptions of their illness etiology, onset, pathophysiology, sick role, treatment strategy, and the behaviors they practiced to treat or prevent their illness. These behaviors were categorized as being either physician-prescribed or alternative. This presentation will report on the relationship between women's explanatory models and the illness management behaviors that they undertake to treat their disease.
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- 2002
20. Meningococcal C conjugate vaccines in children and adolescents: The effect of prior, concurrent or subsequent administration of DT vaccine
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Robinson, A., primary, Borrow, R., additional, Andrews, N., additional, Southern, J., additional, Findlow, J., additional, Martin, S., additional, Thornton, C., additional, Burrage, M., additional, Goldblatt, D., additional, Richmond, P., additional, and Miller, E., additional
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- 2002
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21. The chemical speciation of aluminium in milk
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Findlow, J. Andrew, primary, Duffield, John R., additional, and Williams, David R., additional
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- 1990
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22. Ability of 3 different meningococcal C conjugate vaccines to induce immunologic memory after a single dose in UK toddlers.
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Richmond, Peter, Borrow, Ray, Findlow, Jamie, Martin, Sarah, Goldblatt, David, Morris, Rhonwen, Cartwright, Keith, Miller, Elizabeth, Richmond, P, Borrow, R, Goldblatt, D, Findlow, J, Martin, S, Morris, R, Cartwright, K, and Miller, E
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JUVENILE diseases ,IMMUNOLOGIC memory ,NEISSERIA meningitidis ,VACCINES - Abstract
To test for immunologic memory after a single dose of meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in toddlers, 226 children 12-18 months old were randomized to receive 1 of 3 MCC vaccines, with a C polysaccharide booster 6 months later. The protein conjugate was diphtheria mutant toxoid in 2 vaccines (MCC-CRM(197)) and was tetanus toxoid in the third (MCC-TT). One month after the MCC vaccines, 91%-100% of children had serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers > or =8, and 89%-100% had a > or =4-fold increase. Geometric mean titer (GMT) increased from <4 to 215 (95% confidence interval [CI], 166-279). MCC-TT induced higher SBA GMTs (P<.001) and higher proportions with SBA > or =8 (P=.02) than did the MCC-CRM(197) vaccines. By 6 months, GMTs had decreased to 55.1 (95% CI, 40-76), but IgG antibody avidity increased (P<.001). Induction of immunologic memory was confirmed by a GMT of 1977 (range, 1535-2547) after the polysaccharide booster and a further increase in avidity. This evidence justified the use of a single dose in a catch-up immunization program for children 1-18 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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23. Induction of immunological memory in UK infants by a meningococcal A/C conjugate vaccine
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*, R. BORROW, §, FOX, A. J., RICHMOND, P. C., CLARK, S., SADLER, F., FINDLOW, J., MORRIS, R., BEGG, N. T., and CARTWRIGHT, K. A. V.
- Abstract
The induction of immunological memory to serogroup A and C polysaccharides in UK infants immunized with three doses of a meningococcal A/C oligosaccharide CRM
197 conjugate vaccine was investigated. Forty UK infants vaccinated previously with three doses of a meningococcal A/C oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine at 2, 3 and 4 months of age, were revaccinated at a mean age of 145·6 weeks with either a 10 or 50 μg dose of licensed meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine. Serogroup-specific antibody and serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum bactericidal assays, respectively. Following challenge, anti-serogroup A and C polysaccharide antibody levels rose from pre-booster geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of 3·1 and 2·1 μg/ml respectively to 19·6 and 21·0 μg/ml 1 month post-booster. Serum bactericidal antibody geometric mean titres (GMTs) for serogroups A and C increased 156- and 113-fold from 2·1 and 7·1 pre-booster respectively to 327·4 and 800·7 post-booster. A serogroup A control group of 45 children received a 10 μg dose of licensed meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine (with no prior history of serogroup A vaccination) had serogroup A SBA GMTs of 2·3 pre- vaccination rising to 8 post-vaccination with corresponding GMCs of 0·8 and 10·8 μg/ml. These rises in SBA following serogroup A/C conjugate vaccination are indicative of immunological priming.- Published
- 2000
24. Predicted strain coverage of a meningococcal multicomponent vaccine (4CMenB) in Europe: a qualitative and quantitative assessment
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Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio, Morgan Ledroit, Anna Carannante, Fabio Rigat, Maurizio Comanducci, Cecilia Fazio, Raquel Abad, Giacomo Frosi, Jamie Findlow, Dominique A. Caugant, Ulrich Vogel, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, John J. Donnelly, Duccio Medini, Jay Lucidarme, Danielle Thompson, Davide Serruto, Martin Musilek, Maria Stella, Stefanie Gilchrist, Alessandro Muzzi, Paola Stefanelli, Ala Eddine Deghmane, Luca Orlandi, Eva Hong, Stefania Bambini, Ray Borrow, Heike Claus, Giuseppe Boccadifuoco, Julio A. Vázquez, Marzia Monica Giuliani, Paula Kriz, Rino Rappuoli, Jan Oksnes, Matthias Frosch, Mariagrazia Pizza, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology [Wuerzburg], University of Würzburg, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Health Protection Agency [Manchester], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), National Institute of Public Health [Prague], Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics [Siena], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Novartis Vaccines, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics., Vogel, U, Taha, M, Vazquez, J, Findlow, J, Claus, H, Stefanelli, P, Caugant, D, Kriz, P, Abad, R, Bambini, S, Carannante, A, Deghmane, A, Fazio, C, Frosch, M, Frosi, G, Gilchrist, S, Giuliani, M, Hong, E, Ledroit, M, Lovaglio, P, Lucidarme, J, Musilek, M, Muzzi, A, Oksnes, J, Rigat, F, Orlandi, L, Stella, M, Thompson, D, Pizza, M, Rappuoli, R, Serruto, D, Comanducci, M, Boccadifuoco, G, Donnelly, J, Medini, D, Borrow, R, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB)
- Subjects
MESH: Adhesins, Bacterial ,MESH: Geography ,Predictive Value of Test ,Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B ,Group B ,MESH: Meningococcal Vaccines ,MESH: Genotype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Data sequences ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Quantitative assessment ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0303 health sciences ,Geography ,Strain (biology) ,MESH: Meningitis, Meningococcal ,Meningococcal Vaccine ,MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,MESH: Predictive Value of Tests ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,3. Good health ,Europe ,MESH: Reproducibility of Results ,MESH: Multilocus Sequence Typing ,Infectious Diseases ,Population Surveillance ,SECS-S/01 - STATISTICA ,MESH: Genes, Bacterial ,Human ,DNA, Bacterial ,Genotype ,Reproducibility of Result ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Meningococcal Vaccines ,Meningitis, Meningococcal ,Biology ,MESH: Bacterial Typing Techniques ,MESH: Population Surveillance ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antigen ,Bacterial Typing Technique ,Predictive Value of Tests ,MESH: Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B ,Humans ,Typing ,Adhesins, Bacterial ,Antigens, Bacterial ,MESH: Humans ,030306 microbiology ,Reproducibility of Results ,MESH: DNA, Bacterial ,Bacterial adhesin ,Genes, Bacterial ,Multilocus sequence typing ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,MESH: Europe ,MESH: Antigens, Bacterial ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
Summary Background A novel multicomponent vaccine against meningococcal capsular group B (MenB) disease contains four major components: factor-H-binding protein, neisserial heparin binding antigen, neisserial adhesin A, and outer-membrane vesicles derived from the strain NZ98/254. Because the public health effect of the vaccine, 4CMenB (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy), is unclear, we assessed the predicted strain coverage in Europe. Methods We assessed invasive MenB strains isolated mainly in the most recent full epidemiological year in England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, and Norway. Meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) results were linked to multilocus sequence typing and antigen sequence data. To investigate whether generalisation of coverage applied to the rest of Europe, we also assessed isolates from the Czech Republic and Spain. Findings 1052 strains collected from July, 2007, to June, 2008, were assessed from England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, and Norway. All MenB strains contained at least one gene encoding a major antigen in the vaccine. MATS predicted that 78% of all MenB strains would be killed by postvaccination sera (95% CI 63–90, range of point estimates 73–87% in individual country panels). Half of all strains and 64% of covered strains could be targeted by bactericidal antibodies against more than one vaccine antigen. Results for the 108 isolates from the Czech Republic and 300 from Spain were consistent with those for the other countries. Interpretation MATS analysis showed that a multicomponent vaccine could protect against a substantial proportion of invasive MenB strains isolated in Europe. Monitoring of antigen expression, however, will be needed in the future. Funding Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics.
- Published
- 2013
25. 'It's Not Like a One-Way Street': Using Photovoice to Understand How College Students With Intellectual Disability Experience Interdependence.
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Hoyle JN, Warren-Findlow J, Wallace L, Laditka JN, and Laditka SB
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- Humans, Young Adult, Male, Female, Adult, Universities, Interpersonal Relations, Photography, Qualitative Research, Intellectual Disability psychology, Students psychology
- Abstract
Background: Many people view people with intellectual disability primarily as needing help. That perspective limits relationships and can promote discrimination. We sought to better understand social relationships among young adults with intellectual disability., Method: Seven postsecondary students with intellectual disability participated in a photovoice study, sharing photos and stories about giving and receiving help. They participated in individual interviews, a group meeting, and a photo exhibition, and helped identify results and conclusions., Results: Participants viewed themselves as helpers and recipients of help. Themes were: foundational importance of families; openness to being helped; personal growth through challenging experiences; and tension between wanting to help and risks of helping others. Participants wanted to raise awareness that people with disabilities can help others, educate them about disability, and contribute to research., Conclusions: Many young adults with intellectual disability want to contribute to relationships, which are often limited by others' expectations about disability., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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26. Time in childhood extracurricular activity and mental health of young adults with developmental disability.
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Hoyle JN, Warren-Findlow J, Wallace L, Laditka JN, and Laditka SB
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- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adolescent, Child, Adult, Leisure Activities psychology, Depression epidemiology, Psychological Distress, Anxiety epidemiology, Developmental Disabilities epidemiology, Developmental Disabilities psychology, Mental Health statistics & numerical data, Disabled Persons statistics & numerical data, Disabled Persons psychology
- Abstract
Background: People with developmental disability have higher rates of mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, psychological distress, or a limited sense of belonging to a community. Extracurricular activity can help children and adolescents build social connections beyond family, increasing social capital, which may promote mental health in the transition into adulthood. Little is known about such associations among people with developmental disability., Objective: To examine associations of childhood extracurricular activity with mental health in young adulthood among people with and without developmental disability., Methods: Data: Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID, 1968-2017), its Child Development Supplement (1997, 2002, 2007) and its Transition into Adulthood Supplement (2005-2019) (n = 2801). Time diaries measured time in activity. Outcomes were psychological distress (Kessler K6) and flourishing (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form). Adjusted linear regressions modeled associations., Results: In nationally representative results, 9.6 % (95 % confidence interval, CI 7.8, 11.4) had a disability. Children without disability reported more average weekly time in group activity, 125.1 min (CI 113.2, 136.9) vs. 93.6 (CI 55.1, 132.0; not significant at conventional levels). In adjusted results, "some" group activity (0-180 weekly minutes) was associated with greater flourishing for those with developmental disability (0.89; CI 0.16, 1.61)., Conclusion: Among people with developmental disability, group activity in childhood was associated with greater flourishing in young adulthood. More research is needed to understand the complex nature of activity participation for children with developmental disabilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no actual or potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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27. Meningococcal Vaccination of Adolescents in the United States: Past Successes and Future Considerations.
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Presa J, Findlow J, and Zimet GD
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- Humans, United States, Adolescent, Vaccines, Conjugate administration & dosage, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Neisseria meningitidis immunology, Child, Meningococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a rare but serious illness, and adolescents and young adults in the United States are at increased risk. Here, we discuss US IMD history and how successful disease prevention through routine vaccination against the most common disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, and Y) can inform future recommendations. Before the introduction of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccines, most US cases of IMD were caused by serogroups B, C, and Y. After recommendation by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for routine MenACWY vaccination of 11-12-year-olds in 2005, followed by a 2010 booster recommendation, MenCWY disease incidence declined dramatically, and vaccine coverage remains high. Two serogroup B (MenB) vaccines are licensed in the United States, but uptake is low compared with MenACWY vaccines, likely because Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends MenB vaccination subject to shared clinical decision-making rather than routinely for all adolescents. The proportion of adolescent IMD caused by MenB has now increased. Pentavalent vaccines that protect against serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y may provide an optimal strategy for improving vaccination rates to ultimately reduce MenB incidence while maintaining the historically low rates of IMD caused by serogroups A, C, W, and Y., (Copyright © 2024 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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28. Antibody persistence and revaccination recommendations of MenACWY-TT: a review of clinical studies assessing antibody persistence up to 10 years after vaccination.
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Burman C, Knuf M, Sáfadi MAP, and Findlow J
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- Humans, Time Factors, Vaccination methods, Meningococcal Vaccines immunology, Meningococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Infections immunology, Immunization, Secondary methods, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology
- Abstract
Introduction: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is potentially fatal and associated with severe sequelae among survivors. It is preventable by several vaccines, including meningococcal vaccines targeting the most common disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, Y). The meningococcal ACWY tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT [Nimenrix]) is indicated from 6 weeks of age in the European Union and >50 additional countries., Areas Covered: Using PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov and ad hoc searches for publications to June 2023, we review evidence of antibody persistence for up to 10 years after primary vaccination and up to 6 years after MenACWY-TT revaccination. We also review global MenACWY revaccination recommendations and real-world impact of vaccination policies, focusing on how these data can be considered alongside antibody persistence data to inform future IMD prevention strategies., Expert Opinion: Based on clear evidence that immunogenicity data (demonstrated antibody titers above established correlates of protection) are correlated with real-world effectiveness, long-term persistence of antibodies after MenACWY-TT vaccination suggests continuing protection against IMD. Optimal timing of primary and subsequent vaccinations is critical to maximize direct and indirect protection. Recommending bodies should carefully consider factors such as age at vaccination and long-term immune responses associated with the specific vaccine being used.
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- 2024
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29. The important lessons lurking in the history of meningococcal epidemiology.
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Borrow R and Findlow J
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- Child, Infant, Adolescent, Young Adult, Humans, Child, Preschool, Aged, Disease Outbreaks, Serogroup, Vaccines, Combined, Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines
- Abstract
Introduction: The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a rare but potentially fatal illness, is typically described as unpredictable and subject to sporadic outbreaks., Areas Covered: Meningococcal epidemiology and vaccine use during the last ~ 200 years are examined within the context of meningococcal characterization and classification to guide future IMD prevention efforts., Expert Opinion: Historical and contemporary data highlight the dynamic nature of meningococcal epidemiology, with continued emergence of hyperinvasive clones and affected regions. Recent shifts include global increases in serogroup W disease, meningococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and meningococcal urethritis; additionally, unvaccinated populations have experienced disease resurgences following lifting of COVID-19 restrictions. Despite these changes, a close analysis of meningococcal epidemiology indicates consistent dominance of serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y and elevated IMD rates among infants and young children, adolescents/young adults, and older adults. Demonstrably effective vaccines against all 5 major disease-causing serogroups are available, and their prophylactic use represents a powerful weapon against IMD, including AMR. The World Health Organization's goal of defeating meningitis by the year 2030 demands broad protection against IMD, which in turn indicates an urgent need to expand meningococcal vaccination programs across major disease-causing serogroups and age-related risk groups.
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- 2024
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30. Meningococcal Disease in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Time to Prepare.
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Bloom DE, Bonanni P, Martinón-Torres F, Richmond PC, Safadi MAP, Salisbury DM, Charos A, Schley K, Findlow J, and Balmer P
- Abstract
The global invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) landscape changed considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by decreased incidence rates due to COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as limited social contact, physical distancing, mask wearing, and hand washing. Vaccination rates were also lower during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic levels. Although policymakers may have shifted their focus away from IMD vaccination programs to COVID-19 vaccination programs, strong arguments support implementation and prioritization of IMD vaccination programs; IMD cases have increased in some countries and IMD rates may even have exceeded pre-pandemic levels. Additional concerns include increased susceptibility due to vaccination coverage gaps, increased incidence of other respiratory pathogens, immunity debt from lockdown restrictions, and increased IMD epidemiologic variability. The full range of benefits of widely available and effective meningococcal vaccines needs to be considered, especially in health technology assessments, where the broad benefits of these vaccines are neither accurately quantified nor captured in implementation policy decisions. Importantly, implementation of meningococcal vaccination programs in the current IMD climate also appeals to broader healthcare principles, including preparedness rather than reactive approaches, generally accepted benefit-risk approaches to vaccination, historical precedent, and the World Health Organization's goal of defeating meningitis by 2030. Countries should therefore act swiftly to bolster existing meningococcal vaccination strategies to provide broad coverage across age groups and serogroups given the recent increases in IMD incidence., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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31. Real-world impact and effectiveness of MenACWY-TT.
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Villena R, Kriz P, Tin Tin Htar M, Burman C, Findlow J, Balmer P, and Jodar L
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- Adolescent, Young Adult, Humans, Australia epidemiology, England, Netherlands epidemiology, Vaccines, Combined, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
In response to escalating cases of serogroup W (MenW) invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), multiple countries introduced quadrivalent conjugate MenACWY vaccines into their national immunization programs (NIPs). Here, we summarize the real-world impact and vaccine effectiveness (VE) data of MenACWY-TT from Chile, England, the Netherlands, and Australia. Incidence rate reductions (IRRs) and VE from baseline to post-NIP period were extracted from publications or calculated. After the administration of a single dose of MenACWY-TT, substantial IRRs of MenCWY were observed across the countries in vaccine-eligible age groups (83%-85%) and via indirect protection in non-vaccine-eligible age groups (45%-53%). The impact of MenACWY-TT was primarily driven by MenW IRRs, as seen in vaccine-eligible age groups (65%-92%) and non-vaccine-eligible age groups (41%-57%). VE against MenW was reported in vaccine-eligible toddlers (92%) in the Netherlands and in vaccine-eligible adolescents/young adults (94%) in England. These real-world data support the implementation and continued use of MenACWY-TT in NIPs.
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- 2023
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32. A pilot study of the adverse childhood experiences-dimensions questionnaire (ACE-DQ): Associations with depression.
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Cross LM, Warren-Findlow J, Bowling J, Reeve CL, and Issel LM
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- Adult, Humans, Male, Female, Pilot Projects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Abstract
Background: Recent ACE research proposed items to assess ACE dimensions, such as the frequency or timing of adverse events, that can be added to the original ACE-Study Questionnaire., Objective: The goal of our study was to pilot-test the refined ACE-Dimensions Questionnaire (ACE-DQ) to determine its predictive validity and compare scoring approaches., Participants and Setting: Cross-sectional online survey via MTurk with U.S. adults to collect data on the ACE-Study Questionnaire and the newly developed ACE dimension items, and mental health outcomes., Methods: We compared ACE exposure by assessment approach and their associations with depression outcomes. We used logistic regression to compare the predictive validity of different ACE scoring approaches for depression outcomes., Results: Participants (n = 450) were on average 36 years old, half were female, and the majority was White. Almost half reported depressive symptoms; approximately two-thirds had experienced ACEs. Participants reporting depression had significantly higher ACE scores. Using the ACE index, participants with ACEs were 45 % more likely to report depression symptoms than participants without ACEs (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.33-1.58). When using perception-weighted scores, participants had smaller, yet significant odds of reporting depression outcomes., Conclusions: Our results suggest that the ACE index may overestimate the impact of ACEs and the effects of ACEs on depression. Adding the comprehensive set of conceptual dimensions to more fully weigh participants' experience of adverse events can increase the accuracy of ACE measurement but will also increase participant burden considerably. We recommend including items to assess a person's perception of each adverse event for improved screening efforts and in research focused on cumulative adversity., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2023
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33. Assessing the Role of Infant and Toddler MenACWY Immunisation in the UK: Does the Adolescent MenACWY Programme Provide Sufficient Protection?
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Schley K, Kowalik JC, Sullivan SM, Vyse A, Czudek C, Tichy E, and Findlow J
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A combined Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)/meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) vaccine will soon be unavailable in the UK immunisation schedule due to discontinuation by the manufacturer. An interim statement by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advises stopping MenC immunisation at 12 months of age when this occurs. We undertook an analysis of the public health impact of various potential meningococcal vaccination strategies in the UK in the absence of the Hib/MenC vaccine. A static population-cohort model was developed evaluating the burden of IMD (using 2005-2015 epidemiological data) and related health outcomes (e.g., cases, cases with long-term sequelae, deaths), which allows for the comparison of any two meningococcal immunisation strategies. We compared potential strategies that included different combinations of infant and/or toddler MenACWY immunisations with the anticipated future situation in which a 12-month MenC vaccine is not used, but the MenACWY vaccine is routinely given in adolescents. The most effective strategy is combining MenACWY immunisation at 2, 4, and 12 months of age with the incumbent adolescent MenACWY immunisation programme, resulting in the prevention of an additional 269 IMD cases and 13 fatalities over the modelling period; of these cases, 87 would be associated with long-term sequelae. Among the different vaccination strategies, it was observed that those with multiple doses and earlier doses provided the greatest protection. Our study provides evidence suggesting that the removal of the MenC toddler immunisation from the UK schedule would potentially increase the risk of unnecessary IMD cases and have a detrimental public health impact if not replaced by an alternate infant and/or toddler programme. This analysis supports that infant and toddler MenACWY immunisation can provide maximal protection while complementing both infant/toddler MenB and adolescent MenACWY immunisation programmes in the UK.
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- 2023
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34. Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease worldwide from 2010-2019: a literature review.
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Pardo de Santayana C, Tin Tin Htar M, Findlow J, and Balmer P
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- Child, Infant, Adolescent, Young Adult, Humans, Child, Preschool, Aged, Serogroup, Risk Factors, Incidence, Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines
- Abstract
The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is unpredictable, varies by region and age group and continuously evolves. This review aimed to describe trends in the incidence of IMD and serogroup distribution by age group and global region over time. Data were extracted from 90 subnational, national and multinational grey literature surveillance reports and 22 published articles related to the burden of IMD from 2010 to 2019 in 77 countries. The global incidence of IMD was generally low, with substantial variability between regions in circulating disease-causing serogroups. The highest incidence was usually observed in infants, generally followed by young children and adolescents/young adults, as well as older adults in some countries. Globally, serogroup B was a predominant cause of IMD in most countries. Additionally, there was a notable increase in the number of IMD cases caused by serogroups W and Y from 2010 to 2019 in several regions, highlighting the unpredictable and dynamic nature of the disease. Overall, serogroups A, B, C, W and Y were responsible for the vast majority of IMD cases, despite the availability of vaccines to prevent disease due to these serogroups.
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- 2023
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35. National and regional differences in meningococcal vaccine recommendations for individuals at an increased risk of meningococcal disease.
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Burman C, Findlow J, Marshall HS, and Safadi MAP
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- Infant, Male, Adolescent, Young Adult, Humans, United States epidemiology, Aged, Homosexuality, Male, Vaccination, Vaccines, Conjugate, Meningococcal Vaccines, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Neisseria meningitidis
- Abstract
Introduction: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe, life-threatening condition caused by infection with Neisseria meningitidis . Currently available vaccines offer protection against the five most common meningococcal disease-causing serogroups and include monovalent and quadrivalent conjugate vaccines (MenA, MenC, MenACWY vaccines) and outer membrane vesicle- and/or recombinant protein-based vaccines (MenB vaccines)., Areas Covered: Country and regional immunization programs target populations susceptible to IMD and typically emphasize the highest-risk age groups (i.e., infants, adolescents/young adults, and the elderly); however, additional groups are also considered at an elevated risk and are the focus of the current review. Specific increased-risk groups include individuals with underlying immunocompromising medical conditions, university/college students, Indigenous people, laboratory workers, military personnel, men who have sex with men, and travelers to areas with hyperendemic IMD. This review compares established meningococcal vaccination recommendations for these vulnerable groups in Europe, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Brazil, and Turkey., Expert Opinion: Recommendations should be standardized to cover all groups at increased risk of IMD.
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- 2023
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36. Correlates of protection for meningococcal surface protein vaccines: lessons from the past.
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Findlow J, Lucidarme J, Taha MK, Burman C, and Balmer P
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- Antigens, Bacterial, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B
- Abstract
Introduction: Recombinant surface protein meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccines are available but with different antigen compositions, leading to differences between vaccines in their immunogenicity and likely breadth of coverage. The serology and breadth of coverage assessment for MenB vaccines are multifaceted areas, and a comprehensive understanding of these complexities is required to appropriately compare licensed vaccines and those under development., Areas Covered: In the first of two companion papers that comprehensively review the serology and breadth of coverage assessment for MenB vaccines, the history of early meningococcal vaccines is considered in this narrative review to identify transferable lessons applicable to the currently licensed MenB vaccines and those under development, as well as their serology., Expert Opinion: Understanding correlates of protection and the breadth of coverage assessment for meningococcal surface protein vaccines is significantly more complex than that for capsular polysaccharide vaccines. Determination and understanding of the breadth of coverage of surface protein vaccines are clinically important and unique to each vaccine formulation. It is essential to estimate the proportion of MenB cases that are preventable by a specific vaccine to assess its overall potential impact and to compare the benefits and limitations of different vaccines in preventing invasive meningococcal disease.
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- 2022
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37. Correlates of protection for meningococcal surface protein vaccines: current approaches for the determination of breadth of coverage.
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Findlow J, Borrow R, Stephens DS, Liberator P, Anderson AS, Balmer P, and Jodar L
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- Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Vaccines, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B
- Abstract
Introduction: The two currently licensed surface protein non-capsular meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccines both have the purpose of providing broad coverage against diverse MenB strains. However, the different antigen compositions and approaches used to assess breadth of coverage currently make direct comparisons complex., Areas Covered: In the second of two companion papers, we comprehensively review the serology and factors influencing breadth of coverage assessments for two currently licensed MenB vaccines., Expert Opinion: Surface protein MenB vaccines were developed using different approaches, resulting in unique formulations and thus their breadth of coverage. The surface proteins used as vaccine antigens can vary among meningococcal strains due to gene presence/absence, sequence diversity, and differences in protein expression. Assessment of the breadth of coverage provided by vaccines is influenced by the ability to induce cross-reactive functional immune responses to sequence diverse protein variants; the characteristics of the circulating invasive strains from specific geographic locations; methodological differences in the immunogenicity assays; differences in human immune responses between individuals; and the maintenance of protective antibody levels over time. Understanding the proportion of meningococcal strains, which are covered by the two licensed vaccines, is important in understanding protection from disease and public health use.
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- 2022
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38. Evolution of invasive meningococcal disease epidemiology in Europe, 2008 to 2017.
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Nuttens C, Findlow J, Balmer P, Swerdlow DL, and Tin Tin Htar M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Serogroup, Young Adult, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis
- Abstract
BackgroundInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology has fluctuated over the past 25 years and varies among serogroups, age groups and geographical locations.AimThis study analysed the evolution of European IMD epidemiology from 2008 to 2017 to identify trends.MethodsReported number of IMD cases and associated incidence were extracted from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Surveillance Atlas for Infectious Diseases for individual European countries. Epidemiology and its evolution were analysed by serogroup and age group.ResultsOverall IMD incidence decreased by 34.4% between 2008 and 2017. Serogroup B remained predominant in 2017; despite a 56.1% decrease over the 10-year period, the rate of decrease has slowed in recent years and varies by age group. Serogroup C was the second most prevalent serogroup until 2016. Its incidence decreased among individuals aged 1-24 years, the main population targeted by MenC vaccination campaigns, but increases have occurred in other age groups. Incidences of serogroups W and Y were low but increased by > 500% and > 130% (to 0.10 and 0.07/100,000) respectively, from 2008 to 2017. Considering all serogroups, a marked modification of the evolution trends by age group has occurred, with increases in incidence mainly affecting older age groups.ConclusionAlthough the overall IMD incidence decreased in Europe between 2008 and 2017, increases were observed for serogroups W and Y, and in the older population when considering all serogroups. It may be necessary to adapt current vaccination strategies to reflect epidemiological changes and their likely future evolution.
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- 2022
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39. The dimensionality of adverse childhood experiences: A scoping review of ACE dimensions measurement.
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Krinner LM, Warren-Findlow J, Bowling J, Issel LM, and Reeve CL
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- Data Collection, Humans, Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Abstract
Objective: Despite extensive research, the concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is not fully developed and there is low agreement on how the concept should be defined and measured. The purpose of this study was to 1) identify different conceptual dimensions associated with ACEs, such as timing or frequency; and 2) determine how these dimensions have been operationalized and analyzed to this point, in order to advance the conceptual understanding of ACEs., Methods: We conducted a scoping review of empirical journal articles on ACEs published after the original ACE-Study in 1998 to summarize the use of dimensions for the 10 conventional ACE domains. We used a PRISMA methodology to identify articles that assessed at least two of the 10 conventional ACE domains and at least two ACE dimensions. A standardized data extraction spreadsheet was used to record basic article information and specifics on ACE domains and dimensions., Results: Of 15,417 initial search results, 61 articles met all selection criteria. We identified four primary dimensions used for most ACE domains: frequency, timing, perception, and the role of the perpetrator. Additionally, we found several secondary and domain-specific dimensions, which relate to the intensity of the adverse event., Discussion: We identified the most commonly used ACE dimensions, but these lack standardized phrasing of items and response options. The inclusion of ACE dimensions may increase the accuracy of the association between ACEs and health outcomes and provide for more tailored treatment plans for people who have experienced ACEs. Future research should include a more comprehensive list of ACE domains and aim to develop a clearly articulated, standardized approach to assessing and analyzing ACE dimensions., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Universal Design for Measurement: Centering the Experiences of Individuals With Disabilities Within Health Measurement Research.
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Thomas EV, Warren-Findlow J, Reeve CL, Webb JB, Laditka SB, and Quinlan MM
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Disabled Persons, Universal Design
- Abstract
People with disabilities comprise roughly 25% of the U.S. adult population yet remain underrepresented in mainstream public health and evaluation research. The lack of measures of common constructs that are validated in but not specific to this population may impede their inclusion. This article describes the use of Universal Design for Measurement (UDM), a novel method for developing self-report measurement instruments validated among broad populations to minimize the need for scale adaptation. We applied UDM to the development and content validation of a new body image scale. We assessed content validity by surveying subject matter experts (SMEs) and conducted a Delphi panel study to assess consensus about scale items among community women with ( n = 18) and without ( n = 15) disabilities. Most scale items were found acceptable by SMEs and community women. The Delphi panel study was useful toward evaluating consensus about scale items among women with and without disabilities. Findings support the use of UDM in developing inclusive and psychometrically sound measurement scales to ultimately facilitate the full inclusion of people with disabilities within health research.
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- 2021
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41. Review of clinical studies comparing meningococcal serogroup C immune responses induced by MenACWY-TT and monovalent serogroup C vaccines.
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Serra L, Knuf M, Martinón-Torres F, Yi K, and Findlow J
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- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Immunity, Rabbits, Serogroup, Vaccines, Conjugate, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines
- Abstract
Many countries are replacing meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccines (MCCV) with quadrivalent conjugate (MenACWY) vaccines, such as MenACWY-TT (Nimenrix®). This review examined eight studies comparing MenC immune responses induced by MenACWY-TT and MCCV to determine if these data support these changes. MenC serum bactericidal antibody levels using human (hSBA) or rabbit complement (rSBA) were evaluated at ~1 month postvaccination. Overall, ≥98.4% of infants administered 2 + 1 MenACWY-TT or MCCV schedules had rSBA titers ≥1:8 postprimary and postbooster vaccination; hSBA titers ≥1:8 were similar. In toddlers administered single MenACWY-TT or MCCV doses, ≥97.3% had rSBA titers ≥1:8 postvaccination; percentages with hSBA titers ≥1:8 were higher post-MenACWY-TT. Of children and adolescents receiving primary and booster MenACWY-TT and MCCV, ≥98.6% had rSBA titers ≥1:8; all children receiving MenACWY-TT or MCCV booster had hSBA titers ≥1:8 postdosing. MenC immune responses induced by MenACWY-TT are robust and generally comparable/superior to MCCV, supporting changes to recommendations.
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- 2021
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42. Systematic literature review of the impact and effectiveness of monovalent meningococcal C conjugated vaccines when used in routine immunization programs.
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Tin Tin Htar M, Jackson S, Balmer P, Serra LC, Vyse A, Slack M, Riera-Montes M, Swerdlow DL, and Findlow J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aged, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Child, Europe, Germany, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Vaccination, Vaccines, Conjugate, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines
- Abstract
Background: Monovalent meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MCCV) was introduced into the routine immunization program in many countries in Europe and worldwide following the emergence of meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) in the late 1990s. This systematic literature review summarizes the immediate and long-term impact and effectiveness of the different MCCV vaccination schedules and strategies employed., Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search for peer-reviewed, scientific publications in the databases of MEDLINE (via PubMed), LILACS, and SCIELO. We included studies from countries where MCCV have been introduced in routine vaccination programs and studies providing the impact and effectiveness of MCCV published between 1st January 2001 and 31st October 2017., Results: Forty studies were included in the review; 30 studies reporting impact and 17 reporting effectiveness covering 9 countries (UK, Spain, Italy, Canada, Brazil, Australia, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands). Following MCCV introduction, significant and immediate reduction of MenC incidence was consistently observed in vaccine eligible ages in all countries with high vaccine uptake. The reduction in non-vaccine eligible ages (especially population > 65 years) through herd protection was generally observed 3-4 years following introduction. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was mostly assessed through screening methods and ranged from 38 to 100%. The VE was generally highest during the first year after vaccination and waned over time. The VE was better maintained in countries employing catch-up campaigns in older children and adolescents, compared to routine infant only schedules., Conclusions: MCCV were highly effective, showing a substantial and sustained decrease in MenC invasive meningococcal disease. The epidemiology of meningococcal disease is in constant transition, and some vaccination programs now include adolescents and higher valent vaccines due to the recent increase in cases caused by serogroups not covered by MCCV. Continuous monitoring of meningococcal disease is essential to understand disease evolution in the setting of different vaccination programs.
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- 2020
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43. Broad vaccine protection against Neisseria meningitidis using factor H binding protein.
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Findlow J, Bayliss CD, Beernink PT, Borrow R, Liberator P, and Balmer P
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- Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Carrier Proteins, Complement Factor H, Humans, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B
- Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), is classified into different serogroups defined by their polysaccharide capsules. Meningococcal serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y are responsible for most IMD cases, with serogroup B (MenB) causing a substantial percentage of IMD cases in many regions. Vaccines using capsular polysaccharides conjugated to carrier proteins have been successfully developed for serogroups A, C, W, and Y. However, because the MenB capsular polysaccharide is poorly immunogenic, MenB vaccine development has focused on alternative antigens. The 2 currently available MenB vaccines (MenB-4C and MenB-FHbp) both include factor H binding protein (FHbp), a surface-exposed protein harboured by nearly all meningococcal isolates that is important for survival of the bacteria in human blood. MenB-4C contains a nonlipidated FHbp from subfamily B in addition to other antigens, including Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen, Neisserial adhesin A, and outer membrane vesicles, whereas MenB-FHbp contains a lipidated FHbp from each subfamily (A and B). FHbp is highly immunogenic and a main target of bactericidal activity of antibodies elicited by both licensed MenB vaccines. FHbp is also an important vaccine component, in contrast to some other meningococcal antigens that may have limited cross-protection across strains, as FHbp-specific antibodies can provide broad cross-protection within each subfamily. Limited cross-protection between subfamilies necessitates the inclusion of FHbp variants from both subfamilies to achieve broad FHbp-based vaccine coverage. Additionally, immune responses to the lipidated form of FHbp have a superior cross-reactive profile to those elicited by the nonlipidated form. Taken together, the inclusion of lipidated FHbp variants from both FHbp subfamilies is expected to provide broad protection against the diverse disease-causing meningococcal strains expressing a wide range of FHbp sequence variants. This review describes the development of vaccines for MenB disease prevention, with a focus on the FHbp antigen., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: JF, PL, and PB are employees of Pfizer and may hold Pfizer stock or stock options. CDB has or has had contract or collaborative interactions with GSK, Pfizer, Roche and Sanofi Pasteur. PTB is named as an inventor on patents relating to FHbp mutants with decreased binding of factor H, which have been assigned to the Children’s Hospital & Research Center at Oakland. RB performs contract research on behalf of Public Health England for GSK, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur., (Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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44. Commentary: Variant Signal Peptides of Vaccine Antigen, FHbp, Impair Processing Affecting Surface Localization and Antibody-Mediated Killing in Most Meningococcal Isolates.
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Liberator P, Donald RGK, Balmer P, Findlow J, and Anderson AS
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- 2020
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45. The Association Between Childhood Adversity and Self-Rated Physical Health in US College Students.
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Krinner LM, Warren-Findlow J, and Bowling J
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Students, Universities, Academic Success, Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Abstract
Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to unhealthy behaviors and poor self-rated health. Poor self-rated physical health (SRPH) is negatively associated with college students' grades and overall academic achievement. This study examined the effects of ACEs on SRPH among undergraduate and graduate students (n = 568; 18-30 years) from a public university in the southeast., Methods: Students completed a cross-sectional online survey in October 2018. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions to examine the relationship between ACEs and SRPH among US college students., Results: Most participants reported 1 to 4 ACEs; one-fourth reported poor SRPH. Higher ACE exposure increased the odds for poor SRPH in a curvilinear relationship. Unadjusted results indicate ACE exposure increased risk between 82% and 228%, and that higher levels of resilience and adherence to diet and physical activity guidelines reduced risk for poor SRPH. In adjusted models, moderate ACE exposure was associated with 2.46 times greater odds (95% CI = 1.28-9.34) of reporting poor SRPH. Graduate students (odds ratio [OR] = .52, 95% CI = .27-.99) and those who met healthy diet (OR = .12, 95% CI = .02-.93) and physical activity recommendations (OR = .36, 95% CI = .23-.58) had reduced odds of poor SRPH., Conclusions: Students who have experienced ACEs are at a greater risk for poor health. Student health programs on campus should take a holistic approach by screening students for childhood adversity and promoting healthy behaviors to improve physical health.
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- 2020
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46. The global meningitis genome partnership.
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Rodgers E, Bentley SD, Borrow R, Bratcher HB, Brisse S, Brueggemann AB, Caugant DA, Findlow J, Fox L, Glennie L, Harrison LH, Harrison OB, Heyderman RS, van Rensburg MJ, Jolley KA, Kwambana-Adams B, Ladhani S, LaForce M, Levin M, Lucidarme J, MacAlasdair N, Maclennan J, Maiden MCJ, Maynard-Smith L, Muzzi A, Oster P, Rodrigues CMC, Ronveaux O, Serino L, Smith V, van der Ende A, Vázquez J, Wang X, Yezli S, and Stuart JM
- Subjects
- Genomics, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Infant, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Meningitis, Bacterial epidemiology, Neisseria meningitidis
- Abstract
Genomic surveillance of bacterial meningitis pathogens is essential for effective disease control globally, enabling identification of emerging and expanding strains and consequent public health interventions. While there has been a rise in the use of whole genome sequencing, this has been driven predominately by a subset of countries with adequate capacity and resources. Global capacity to participate in surveillance needs to be expanded, particularly in low and middle-income countries with high disease burdens. In light of this, the WHO-led collaboration, Defeating Meningitis by 2030 Global Roadmap, has called for the establishment of a Global Meningitis Genome Partnership that links resources for: N. meningitidis (Nm), S. pneumoniae (Sp), H. influenzae (Hi) and S. agalactiae (Sa) to improve worldwide co-ordination of strain identification and tracking. Existing platforms containing relevant genomes include: PubMLST: Nm (31,622), Sp (15,132), Hi (1935), Sa (9026); The Wellcome Sanger Institute: Nm (13,711), Sp (> 24,000), Sa (6200), Hi (1738); and BMGAP: Nm (8785), Hi (2030). A steering group is being established to coordinate the initiative and encourage high-quality data curation. Next steps include: developing guidelines on open-access sharing of genomic data; defining a core set of metadata; and facilitating development of user-friendly interfaces that represent publicly available data., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest AM is an employee of the GSK group of companies. AvdE has received grants from Pfizer, consultancy fees paid directly to the institution from GSK and participated in Science Advisory Boards for Pfizer, GSK and Sanofi Pasteur. ER, LG & VS represent Meningitis Research Foundation, which receives grants from Sanofi Pasteur, GSK and Pfizer. JF is an employee of Pfizer Inc and may hold stock/stock options. JL & RB perform contract research on behalf of Public Health England for GSK, Pfizer and Sanofi Pasteur. JV acts as temporal advisor and receives grants for research from Sanofi-Pasteur, Novartis Vaccines, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, payed to his institution. LHH has served as a consultant to GSK, Merck, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur. LS is currently employed by the GSK group of companies and may hold GSK shares as part of her employee remuneration. PO is an employee of Sanofi Pasteur. SDB, HBB, SB, ABB, DAC, LF, OBH, RSH, MJvR, KAJ, BKA, SL, MLF, ML, NM, JM, MCJM, LMS, CMCR, OR, XW, SY and JMS have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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47. Body image, self-esteem, and behavioral risk for chronic disease among college students: Additional evidence for integrated prevention.
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Thomas EV and Warren-Findlow J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Body Image, Body Weight, Chronic Disease, Exercise psychology, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Students statistics & numerical data, Universities, Young Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders psychology, Health Behavior, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Students psychology
- Abstract
Objective: To examine associations between two body image constructs (body appreciation and body satisfaction) and five health behaviors (diet, physical activity, weight management, tobacco exposure, and alcohol intake) associated with risk for chronic disease, controlling for self-esteem. Participants: Three hundred and forty-four college students enrolled at a large, public university in the southeastern US. Methods: Students completed an online survey composed of measures of body appreciation, body satisfaction, self-esteem, and frequency of engagement in preventive health behaviors. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to assess relationships between constructs. Results: Body appreciation, but not body satisfaction or self-esteem, significantly and positively predicted engagement in diet-, physical activity-, and weight-related health behaviors. No associations were found for substance use outcomes. Conclusions: Results illuminate health risks among college students and provide additional evidence to support the development of holistic preventive interventions that simultaneously address aspects of mental and physical health among college students.
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- 2020
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48. Understanding immunogenicity assessments for meningococcal serogroup B vaccines.
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Balmer P, Beeslaar J, Findlow J, and Srivastava A
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- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Complement System Proteins immunology, Humans, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Rabbits, Meningococcal Infections immunology, Meningococcal Vaccines immunology, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B immunology
- Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a potentially devastating infection associated with high mortality and long-term sequelae; however, vaccines are available to protect against the five common disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, and Y). Because traditional field efficacy clinical trials were not feasible due to low IMD incidence that necessitates a very large number of participants, serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assays using rabbit (rSBA) or human (hSBA) complement were established as in vitro surrogates of meningococcal vaccine efficacy and are now routinely used to support vaccine licensure. Specifically, rSBA assays have been used to evaluate responses to meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W, and Y; the accepted correlate of protection for rSBA assays is a titer ≥1:8. Importantly, because the bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigen is conserved across strains, only one test strain that expresses an invariant polysaccharide capsule for each serogroup is required to assess coverage. rSBA assays are unsuitable for subcapsular protein-based serogroup B (MenB) vaccines, and therefore, hSBA assays have been used for licensure; titers ≥1:4 are considered the correlate of protection against IMD for hSBA. In contrast to MenACWY vaccines, because bacterial surface proteins are antigenically variable, MenB vaccines must be tested with hSBA assays using multiple test strains that represent the antigenic diversity of disease-causing isolates. As this complexity regarding SBA assessment methods can make data interpretation difficult, herein we describe the use of hSBA assays to evaluate MenB vaccine efficacy and to support licensure. In addition, we highlight how the two recently approved MenB vaccines differ in their use of hSBA assays in clinical studies to demonstrate broad protection against MenB IMD.
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- 2020
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49. Relative and Cumulative Effects of Hypertension Self-Care Behaviors on Blood Pressure.
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Warren-Findlow J, Krinner LM, Vinoski Thomas E, Coffman MJ, Gordon B, and Howden R
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Blood Pressure physiology, Health Behavior, Hypertension therapy, Self Care, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
- Abstract
New recommendations for hypertension (HTN) diagnosis and treatment highlight the role of self-care activities in managing blood pressure (BP). This cross-sectional study investigated the predictive validity of the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) measure and examined the relative and cumulative effects of HTN self-care adherence on BP. We pooled baseline data from three studies ( N = 79), resulting in a gender and racially balanced sample. Partial correlations determined the relative effects of individual self-care behaviors on BP. We modeled the relationship between adherence to self-care behaviors and BP control using logistic regression. Physical activity had the greatest correlation with systolic BP. Adherence to each additional self-care behavior increased the odds of systolic BP control by 88% (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.20, 2.96]) and diastolic BP control by 74% (95% CI = [1.10, 2.75]). Results provide further evidence that the H-SCALE is a valid assessment tool and should be adopted by clinicians to aid in improving BP management.
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- 2020
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50. Examining the Role of Childhood Adversity on Excess Alcohol Intake and Tobacco Exposure among US College Students.
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Krinner LM, Warren-Findlow J, and Bowling J
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- Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Students, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Nicotiana
- Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are often associated with substance use behaviors such as drinking excess alcohol and tobacco use. Resilience may protect individuals from engaging in these maladaptive behaviors following ACEs. Objectives: We examined the associations between ACEs and excessive alcohol consumption, and ACEs and tobacco intake and exposure among diverse college students, and whether resilience buffered this relationship. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in October 2018 with students at a large Southern university to assess ACEs, levels of resilience, and students' health behaviors. We used the Adverse Childhood Experiences - International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Brief Resilience Scale . Logistic regression modeled the relationship between ACEs and students' substance use behaviors. We adjusted for demographics, other health behaviors, and emotional health and we tested resilience as a possible buffer. Results: Participants ( n = 568) were in their early twenties, almost three-fourths were female. We had a racially/ethnically diverse sample. Over two-thirds had experienced 1-4 ACEs. ACE exposure was not associated with excess alcohol consumption but exhibited a consistent dose-response relationship in unadjusted and adjusted models. Moderate ACEs increased the odds of tobacco exposure by 227% (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.17-9.11) in adjusted models. Resilience was unrelated to either behavior. Black respondents had significantly reduced odds for both substance use outcomes. Tobacco exposure and excess alcohol intake were comorbid behaviors. Conclusion: Childhood adversity was a significant predictor for tobacco exposure among diverse US college students. Resilience did not buffer this relationship. Age, gender, and race/ethnicity were differentially associated with substance use.
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- 2020
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