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3. Therapeutic mammaplasty is a safe and effective alternative to mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction

Author

S Potter, A Trickey, T Rattay, R L O'Connell, R Dave, E Baker, L Whisker, J Skillman, M D Gardiner, R D Macmillan, C Holcombe, Nicola L P Barnes, Jane Blazeby, Elizabeth Conroy, Rajiv V Dave, Matthew D Gardiner, Adrian Harnett, Chris Holcombe, Shelley Potter, Tim Rattay, Joanna Skillman, Paula Williamson, Rajgopal Achuthan, Shweta Aggarwal, Elizabeth Baker, Naren Basu, Lisa Brock, Patricia Fairbrother, Charlotte Ives, Abhilash Jain, Baek Kim, R Douglas Macmillan, John Murphy, Dennis Remoundos, Richard Sutton, Adam Trickey, Philip Turton, Kathryn Williams, Alain Curnier, Amir Tadros, Ivan Depasquale, Mairi Fuller, Roger Bourne, Steven Heys, Ishrak Hamo, Fatima Aloraifi, Laura Fopp, Radhika Bali, Sarah Bache, Sarah L Benyon, Michael S Irwin, Amit Agrawal, Charles M Malata, Claire Murphy, Adam Misky, Dennis Wayne Chicken, Nassreen Abdullah, Arnold D K Hill, Carolyn Cullinane, Gareth Irwin, Stuart A McIntosh, Sigi Refsum, Samantha Sloan, Peter Mallon, Chiara Sirianni, Ilyas Khattak, Geerthan Nagachandra, Pasupathy Kiruparan, Debasish Debanth, Simon Davey, Terry-Ann Curran, Matilda Svenning, Sasirekha Govindarajulu, Zenon Rayter, Rachel Ainsworth, Simon Cawthorn, Ajay Sahu, Sherif Wilson, Elena Prousskaia, Antonello Accurso, Nicola Rocco, Rosa Di Micco, Gennaro Limite, Raffaele Ceccarino, Raffaele Liccardo, Guido Coco, Metin Nizamoglu, Mary Morgan, Venkat Ramakrishnan, Giuseppe Catanuto, Alex Wilkins, Penelope McManus, Peter Kneeshaw, Kartikae Grover, Tapan Mahapatra, Brendan Wooler, Bilal Elahi, Naila Ihsan, Alexandra Bucknor, Dimitris Reissis, Judith Hunter, Simon Wood, Navid Jallali, Francis P Henry, Liaquat S Verjee, Jason Lee, Shazia M Khan, Iman Azmy, Julia Massey, Ciaran Hollywood, Michael Oluwajana, Sonia Bathla, Joanna Seward, Claudia Harding-MacKean, Risha Lane, Kothandaraman Murali, Bashishta Biswas, Pawel Trapszo, Seema Seetharam, Katy Kennedy, Louise Alder, Tomasz Graja, Khalid Amin, Jalal Kokan, Chandeena Roshanlall, Emma Gill, Dhananjay Kulkarni, J M Dixon, Oliver Young, Talha Saleem, M Biddle, Marie Kearns, Eva Weiler-Mithoff, Ben Chew, Andy Malyon, John Scott, David McGill, Iain Mackay, Salena Bains, Sara Barrows, Simon Pilgrim, Sheila Shokuhi, Kelly Lambert, Frances Kenny, Kalliope Valassiadou, Monika Kaushik, Jaroslaw Krupa, Dimitris Dragoumis, Pavlos Lampropoulos, Sarah Moss, Haitham Khalil, Anwar Haq, Balapathiran Balasubramanian, Petros Charalampoudis, Hisham Hamed, Ashutosh Kothari, Tibor Kovacs, Michael Douek, Iftikhar Mehmood, Biswajit Ray, Matthew Adelekan, Laura Humphreys, Salim Tayeh, Christina Choy, Laila Parvanta, Silvia Michieletto, Tania Saibene, James O'Brien, Sue Down, Sarah Downey, Jerome Pereira, A S Sami, Anzors Gvaramadze, Jibril A Jibril, Dinesh Thekkinkattil, S Udayasankar, Saira Khawaja, Yousef Shariaha, Simon Holt, Ruth James, Hirah Rizki, Katharine Kirkpatrick, Duraisamy Ravichandran, Deepak Shrestha, Ellora Barua, Deepika Akolekar, Ahmed Hamad, Eleftheria Kleidi, Susan Hignett, Vanessa Pope, Salma Naseem, Jennifer Isherwood, Rachel Soulsby, Amanda Taylor, Kian Chin, Dai Nguyen, Francesca Guest, Amanda Thorne, Valentina Lefemine, Chris Kirchhoff, Declan C Murphy, Michelle Lo, Ruth Harcourt, Simon J Pain, Maged I Hussien, Katalin Zechmeister, E M Sassoon, Andrea Figus, Richard M Haywood, Rozina Ali, Susanna Alexander, Konstantinos Geropantas, Daniel Epurescu, Rebecca Lewis, Oladapo Fafemi, Jasdeep Gahir, Tasha Gandamihardja, Jennett Kelsall, Nazli Muhibullah, Charlene Otieno, Fayyaz Mazari, Marta Dauria, Lisa Whisker, Douglas Macmillan, Eleanor Gutteridge, Tuabin Rasheed, Hazem Khout, Kristjan Asgeirsson, Stephen McCulley, Maria Donatella Mariniello, Manuela Roncella, Matteo Ghilli, Livio Colizzi, Elena Rossetti, Lo Russo Marzia, Loredana Fustaino, Alessandro Quattrini Li, Kate L Harvey, Rebecca Windle, Dionysios Dennis Remoundos, Pankaj Roy, Gael MacLean, Asha Adwani, Elena Popa, Steven Goh, Geeta Shetty, Sarah Clark, Lorenzo Bernaudo, Avi Agrawal, Lucy Mansfield, Sally Tebbal, Ashraf Patel, Veronica Grassi, Ojas Pujji, Kathryn Hamnett, Emily Granger, Michael Durbar, Panagiotis Pikoulas, Clare Garnsey, Philip Walker, Angela J Vollermere, Ioannis Michalakis, Robin Jones, Mina Youssef, Mohammad Masood, Julie Dunn, Sisse Olsen, Douglas Ferguson, Rachel Tillett, Anna Allan, Alex Woollard, Rebecca Canny, Alexander Woollard, Afshin Mosahebi, Stephen Hamilton, Jagdeep Chana, Nilesh Sojitra, Ibby Younis, Dick Rainsbury, Natalie Chand, Vasileios Kalles, Anne Stebbing, Kevin Harris, Siobhan Laws, Anne Tansley, Geraldine Mitchell, Emma de Sousa, Julia Henderson, Mysore Chandrashekar, Bernadette Pereira, Chloe Constantinou, Dalia Elfadl, Foivos Irakleidis, Izaro Hernan, Miriam Byrne, Rachel O'Connell, Jennifer Rusby, Peter Barry, Katerine Krupa, William Allum, Fiona MacNeill, Nicola Roche, Gerald Gui, Kelvin Ramsey, Paul Harris, Stuart James, Jamie McIntosh, Nicola Laurence, Louise MacLennan, Robert Milligan, Henry Cain, Adam Critchley, Joe O'Donoghue, Loraine Kalra, Nick Collis, Gina Weston-Petrides, Roanne Fiddes, Victoria Brown, Anna Aertssen, Diana Slade-Sharman, Mansoor Khan, Caroline McGuiness, Vittoria Amorosi, Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio, Georgios Exarchos, Natasha Jiwa, Jennifer Hu, Serena Ledwidge, Laura Johnson, Anthony Peel, Naseem Dhooma, Eric Farrell, Liam Devane, Ruth Tevlin, Enda McDermott, Ruth Prichard, Denis Evoy, Jane Rothwell, James Geraghty, Colin Morrison, Catriona Lawlor, Fiona Langlands, Lauren Taylor, Raj Achuthan, Kieran Horgan, Shireen Mckenzie, Brian Hogan, Mark Lansdown, Channegowda Navin, Liz Sherwin, Caroline Mortimer, Neeraj Garg, Rahma Adam, Tahera Arif, Zbigniew Kryjak, Deedar Ali, Ravi Sowdi, Elena Fage, Senthurun Mylvaganam, Pilar Matey, Raghavan Vidya, Tapan Sircar, Oubida Asaad, Pud Bhaskar, Matei Dordea, Ada Chrysafi, Damian McCartan, Rajiv Dave, Rachel Foster, Rebecca Wilson, Sylvia Okwemba, Yousef Majeed, Ciara O'Brien, Vinod Mathen, Nicola Barnes, Ashu Gandhi, James Harvey, Cliona C Kirwan, Richard Johnson, Krupali Patel, Maria Dalmau Ribas, Natali Vigneswaran, Tom Challoner, Alan Park, Maged Rizkalla, Abigail Tomlins, Kat McEvoy, Sadaf Jafferbhoy, Soni Soumian, Sankaran Narayanan, Robert Kirby, Sladana Bajrusevic, Joseph Maalo, Michalis Charalambous, Lee Min Lai, Kelvin Chong, Simon Thomson, Sherif Monib, Leena Chagla, Riccardo Audisio, Rieka Taghizadeh, Azhar Iqbal, Karen James, Maria Callaghan, Shabbir Poonawala, Jonathan Lund, Raman Vinayagam, Steven Thrush, Rachel Bright Thomas, Michelle Mullan, Jevan Taylor, Ryo Yoshimura, Tom Mathew, Ben Mancey Jones, Kailas Munot, Rana Nasr, Jenny Piper, Deena El-Sharief, Mohammed Mustafa, Caitlin MacLeod, Elizabeth Smyth, Nina Saeed, Yazan Masannat, Amir Tan Mohd-Amin, Sam Sloan, Stuart McIntosh, Abdulla Ibrahim, Rathi Rathinaezhil, Eiman Khalifa, Penny McManus, Alexander Leeper, Jennifer McIlhenny, James Mansell, Keith Ogsto, Laszlo Romics, Shelia Shokuhi, Xiang Wei Jonathan Lee, Asmaa Al-Allak, Clare Fowler, Eleanore Massey, Fiona Court, Richard Hunt, Sarah Vestey, Mohsen Elgammal, Arish Noshirwani, Tehera Arif, Farah H Syed, Gazalla Safdar, Mohammed El-Abbar, Fiona Hogg, Pauline McGee, Vassilis Pitsinis, Jenny Smith, Sundus Makkiyah, Syed Mustafa, Dana Photiou, Ellie Gutteridge, Georgette Oni, Kelly Hallam, Kristjan Asgeirron, Marta D'Auria, Samim Al-zubaidi, James Bailey, Alexandra Tenovici, Dionysios-Dennis Remoundos, Nikos Chaidos, Oana Predescu, Jan Rezulski, Tholkifl Abdullah, Sujatha Udayasankar, Adam Talbot, Jagdeep Singh, Amy Smith, Angela Volleamere, Sarah Dean, Lashan Peiris, Olivia Sjokvist, Emma De Sousa, Aikaterini Micha, Amy Godden, Katherine Krupa, John Henton, Ruth Bennett, Stewart Nicholson, Guido Paolini, Luca Francesco Renzi, Santanelli Di Pompeo, Vitto Ria, Rebecca S Lewis, Sirwan Hadad, Anup Sharma, Delia Toomey, Dibyesh Banerjee, Sarah Shuk Kay Tang, Shireen McKenzie, Tanvir Ahmad, Kate Williams, Mohammed Absar, Nabila Nasir, Igor Jerzy Rychlik, Lynn Darragh, Ruth Johnston, Stephen Kirk, Jacqueline Rees-Lee, Michael Green, Abhishek Sharma, Jia Choong, Zaker Ullah, Ommen Koshy, Tamara Kiernan, Ajay Ashok Bhojwani, Rachel Bright-Thomas, Ged Byrne, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Lyndsey Highton, Owen Morris, Sumohan Chatterjee, Cliona Kirwan, Ben Mancey-Jones, Denna El Sharief, and Richard Frame

Subjects
Adult, therapeutic mammaplasty, medicine.medical_specialty, Mammaplasty, medicine.medical_treatment, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030230 surgery, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, cohort study, medicine, Adjuvant therapy, Humans, breast reconstruction, Young adult, Mastectomy, collaborative, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Immediate breast reconstruction, oncological safety, conservative treatment, mastectomy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Breast reconstruction, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Therapeutic mammaplasty (TM) may be an alternative to mastectomy, but few well designed studies have evaluated the success of this approach or compared the short-term outcomes of TM with mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Data from the national iBRA-2 and TeaM studies were combined to compare the safety and short-term outcomes of TM and mastectomy with or without IBR.The subgroup of patients in the TeaM study who underwent TM to avoid mastectomy were identified, and data on demographics, complications, oncology and adjuvant treatment were compared with those of patients undergoing mastectomy with or without IBR in the iBRA-2 study. The primary outcome was the percentage of successful breast-conserving procedures in the TM group. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications and time to adjuvant therapy.A total of 2916 patients (TM 376; mastectomy 1532; mastectomy and IBR 1008) were included in the analysis. Patients undergoing TM were more likely to be obese and to have undergone bilateral surgery than those having IBR. However, patients undergoing mastectomy with or without IBR were more likely to experience complications than the TM group (TM: 79, 21·0 per cent; mastectomy: 570, 37·2 per cent; mastectomy and IBR: 359, 35·6 per cent; P 0·001). Breast conservation was possible in 87·0 per cent of patients who had TM, and TM did not delay adjuvant treatment.TM may allow high-risk patients who would not be candidates for IBR to avoid mastectomy safely. Further work is needed to explore the comparative patient-reported and cosmetic outcomes of the different approaches, and to establish long-term oncological safety.La mamoplastia terapéutica (therapeutic mammaplasty, TM) puede ser una alternativa a la mastectomía, pero hay pocos estudios bien diseñados que hayan evaluado el éxito de esta estrategia o hayan comparado los resultados a corto plazo de la TM con la mastectomía con o sin (+/-) reconstrucción mamaria inmediata (immediate breast reconstruction, IBR). Para comparar la seguridad y los resultados a corto plazo de la TM y la mastectomía +/- IBR se combinaron los datos de los estudios nacionales iBRA-2 y TeaM. MÉTODOS: En el estudio TeaM se identificó el subgrupo de pacientes al que se realizó una TM para evitar la mastectomía y se compararon los datos demográficos, las complicaciones, los resultados oncológicos y el tratamiento adyuvante con las pacientes sometidas a mastectomía +/- IBR del estudio iBRA-2. La variable principal fue el porcentaje de éxito de la cirugía conservadora de mama en el grupo TM. Las variables secundarias fueron las complicaciones postoperatorias y el intervalo de tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento adyuvante.Se incluyeron en el análisis 2.916 pacientes (TM n = 376; mastectomía n = 1.532; IBR n = 1.008). La TM era más frecuente en pacientes obesas o en las sometidas a cirugía bilateral en comparación con las pacientes con IBR. Sin embargo, las pacientes sometidas a una mastectomía +/- IBR tenían más probabilidades de desarrollar complicaciones que las del grupo TM (TM n = 79, 21,0%; mastectomía n = 570, 37,2%; mastectomía y IBR n = 359, 35,6%; P 0,001). La conservación de la mama fue posible en el 87% de las pacientes con TM y el procedimiento no retrasó el inicio del tratamiento adyuvante. CONCLUSIÓN: La TM puede permitir que pacientes de alto riesgo que no serían candidatas a IBR eviten la mastectomía de una forma segura. Se necesitan más trabajos para comparar los resultados percibidos por las pacientes y los estéticos de las diferentes estrategias terapéuticas y establecer la seguridad oncológica a largo plazo.

Published
2020
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7. A 3-Dimensional Model for Teaching Local Flaps Using Porcine Skin

Author

Ken Graham, Zahid Hassan, and Fiona Hogg

Subjects
Models, Anatomic, Models, Educational, medicine.medical_specialty, Swine, education, Training time, Specialty, Manikins, Surgical Flaps, Basic skills, medicine, Animals, Humans, Medical physics, Porcine skin, Surgery, Plastic, Scalp, business.industry, Dimensional modeling, Plastic Surgery Procedures, United Kingdom, Plastic surgery, Education, Medical, Graduate, Face, Cadaveric dissection, Surgery, Clinical Competence, business, Cadaveric spasm
Abstract

The European Working Time Directive and streamlined training has led to reduced training time. Surgery, as an experience-dependent craft specialty is affected more than other medical specialties. Trainees want to maximize all training opportunities in the clinical setting, and having predeveloped basic skills acquired on a simulated model can facilitate this.Here we describe the use of a novel model to design and raise local flaps in the face and scalp regions. The model consists of mannequin heads draped with porcine skin which is skewered with pins at strategic points to give a 3-dimensional model which closely resembles a cadaveric head.The advantages of this model are that it is life size and incorporates all the relevant anatomical features, which can be drawn on if required.This model was used on a recent course, Intermediate Skills in Plastic Surgery: Flaps Around the Face, at the Royal College of Surgeons England. The trainees found that practicing on the porcine skin gave them an opportunity to master the basics of flap design and implementation.In summary, this innovative 3-dimensional training model has received high levels of satisfaction and is currently as close as we can get to cadaveric dissection without the constraints and cost of using human tissue.

Published
2014
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