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Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) / Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi (SABİAD) is the property of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To assess the relationship between the presence of the sonographic finding of chorionic bump (CB) during first trimester and miscarriage rate or other perinatal outcomes. Methods PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Clinicaltrials.gov databases, from inception to April 8, 2021 were explored utilizing combinations of the relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms, key words, and word variants for “CB” and “pregnancy.” Prospective and retrospective case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. Odds ratios (ORs) comparing obstetrical outcomes among pregnancies with CB and normal pregnancies were determined with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random‐effects models. Primary outcome of interest was miscarriage rate. Secondary outcomes were: alive newborns (ANB) rate, adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and vaginal bleeding. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Results Five studies including 173 pregnant women with CB (study group) and 1,263 pregnant women without CB (control group) were included. Pregnancies affected by CB resulted to be associated with a significantly higher miscarriage rate (43.3% vs 20.7%; OR 2.95 95% CI 2.02–4.31, p < .00001), and conversely with a significantly lower rate of ANB (60.3% vs 82%; OR 0.35 95% CI 0.20–0.63, p = .0004). In addition, the risk of APO was around three-fold higher in the study group (52.2% vs 4.12%; OR 2.98 95% CI 1.04–8.51, p = .04), while the rate of vaginal bleeding was higher in the study group, without reaching a statistical significance (48% vs 16.4%; OR 2.21 95% CI 0.64–7.65 p = .21). Discussion The presence of CB at first trimester ultrasound significantly increases the risk of miscarriage and APO, and intact the rate of ANB. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Key message: The presence of CB on early first trimester ultrasound increases three-fold the risk of miscarriage and adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduces the rate of alive newborns. It is important to consider CB as an ultrasound marker that requires a close surveillance throughout pregnancy to prevent long-term complications and provide adequate counseling to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vasa praevia (VP) is defined as the presence of unsupported fetal blood vessels in close proximity of the internal os of the cervix. There is robust evidence from observational cohort studies and meta-analysis that prenatal diagnosis of VP is associated with excellent perinatal outcomes. We have previously proposed a two-stage strategy for prenatal diagnosis that can be implemented in routine clinical practice leading to effective prenatal diagnosis and prevention of fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity., Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of a two-stage screening strategy for prenatal diagnosis of VP in routine clinical practice and to estimate the potential impact on prevention of stillbirths and perinatal deaths., Study Design: This was an observational retrospective cohort study carried out at the Medway Fetal and Maternal Medicine Centre between January 2010 and June 2022. We examined the feasibility and effectiveness of this policy in terms of identification of a high-risk cohort and prenatal diagnosis of VP through routine 11-13 and 20-22 weeks' ultrasound assessments based on the two-stage protocol. We also examined the impact on maternal, neonatal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of VP. Absolute risks (95 %) were calculated based on rates of events in the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate independent contribution from maternal and pregnancy characteristics in prediction of VP., Results: The study population of 53,648 singleton pregnancies included 45 pregnancies with VP (0.83 per 1,000 pregnancies or an incidence of 1 in 1,192 pregnancies). VP was suspected in 56 cases and were resolved in 11 cases (19.6 %), thus leaving 45 pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of VP. The main findings that predicted VP included a low-lying placenta at 20-22 weeks', placenta praevia, bilobed placenta and a velamentous cord insertion. In our study population, pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of VP had a livebirth rate of 100 % and an intact perinatal survival rate of 97.8 %., Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that effective prenatal diagnosis of pregnancies with VP can be achieved in routine clinical practice with good perinatal outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Early diagnosis of Cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP) remains difficult. This study describes a novel sonographic marker, the FundAl Retroflexion (FAR) angle, that may be used in the first trimester. The objective of the study is to compare the FAR angle between CSP and normal pregnancies. Methods: For this case–control study, we reviewed images from our institution's database that were acquired from January 2016 to December 2019. All cases of CSP and randomly selected controls, defined as patients with history of Cesarean delivery and normal implantation, that underwent ultrasound evaluation at <14 weeks were included. The FAR angle, defined as the acute angle created between the endometrial echo and cervical canal, was measured. The mean FAR angle was then compared between the two groups and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated. Results: We identified 15 cases of CSP during the study period and were able to measure the FAR angle in 14 of the cases. The mean FAR angle was larger in CSP than in normal control pregnancies (45° versus 27°, respectively, P < 0.001). Using an ROC curve, a FAR angle cut off of 40° maximizes the ability to distinguish between CSP from normal pregnancies. Conclusions: The FAR angle provides an easily obtainable and numerical measurement. CSP have larger FAR angle compared to normal controls with a distinguishing cut off of 40°. Larger studies are needed to determine if using the FAR angle can improve first trimester diagnosis for CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talipes equinovarus, also called clubfoot, is a relatively common congenital defect affecting approximately one in every 1000 live births. Most cases of clubfoot are expected to be idiopathic and unrelated to an underlying genetic syndrome. In approximately 20% of cases, a clear genetic etiology is identified. Here we present two cases of bilateral clubfoot identified via fetal ultrasound in the first trimester associated with osteogenesis imperfecta diagnosed in the second trimester. Both fetuses presented with multiple fractures and were identified to have loss-of-function variants in COL1A1. An association between clubfeet in the first trimester and osteogenesis imperfecta has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge, which leads to unique opportunities for prompt diagnosis, genetic counseling and testing, and appropriate management., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) psychologically is well described. Suboptimal attachment may have negative consequences particularly if it is associated with unhealthy maternal behaviour that may potentially increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The perception of stress or anxiety is also associated with potential adverse outcomes including preterm birth. This cross-sectional study examined MFA and perceived stress at the time of the first ultrasound examination in early pregnancy. Convenience sampling was used to recruit women after they presented to the Ultrasound Department for a routine dating ultrasound at their first antenatal visit. Informed consent was obtained and clinical and sociodemographic details were recorded. Women were invited to complete validated Cranley MFA and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. Of the 90 women recruited, 80 completed the questionnaires successfully. No association was found between the MFA score and maternal age, parity, education, marital status, previous pregnancy loss or smoking behaviour. An unplanned pregnancy was associated with a lower mean MFA score (p < 0.01) and a higher mean PSS score (p < 0.005). These relationships persisted in a multiple regression analysis controlling for maternal age and parity. In early pregnancy, an unplanned pregnancy is associated with a lower MFA and higher PSS score. Additional research is required to assess if this persists as pregnancy advances. Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA), Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS), Perceived stress scale (PSS), Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS), Standard Deviation (SD), Central Statistics Office (CSO), Body Mass Index (BMI), Relative Risk (RR) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prompt diagnosis of early pregnancy failure is a difficult dilemma. There is no single test currently available which immediately differentiates continuing from non-continuing intrauterine or tubal pregnancy. First-trimester ultrasonography is routinely performed to confirm pregnancy location and assess viability. Objective: The aim of this study was early detection of spontaneous abortion risk. Material and methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagzaig University. Sample size was 40 patients. Assuming that mean difference between Group (A) who miscarried and group (B) who continued pregnancy after 20th week in the mean gestational sac diameter 17.9 ± 3.3 and 20.7 ± 3 respectively. Results: 40 patients with mean age 27.55 ± 3.77 years old ranging from 21 to 37 years. All group were in 7th week of pregnancy. Parity was distributed as 25% were primigravida (PG) and about two third were 1-2 and only 10% had parity >2. MSD, CRL, MSD-CRL and FHR parameters were distributed as 19.98 ± 4.97, 8.42 ± 1.71, 11.56 ± 3.5 and 135.6 ± 15.13 respectively. Women in the abortion group had significantly lower MGSD, CRL, MGSD-CRL ratio and FHR values in comparison with women in the non-abortion group (12.9 ± 2.4 vs. 22.4 ± 2.9, 6.1 ± 0.91 vs. 9.2 ± 1.1, 6.8 ±1.6 vs. 13.1 ± 2.3 and 115.0 ± 8.2 vs. 142.0 ± 9.6 respectively) with p-value: < 0.001. Conclusion: Measuring serum progesterone, and first-trimester ultrasound measurements of MGSD, CRL, MGSD/CRL ratio and FHR were good predictors of early pregnancy failure and can be used as a risk assessment model that can predict the risk of early spontaneous abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Interstitial microdeletion 14q22q23 is a rare chromosomal syndrome associated with variable defects: microphthalmia/anophthalmia, pituitary anomalies, polydactyly/syndactyly of hands and feet, micrognathia/retrognathia. The reports of the microdeletion 14q22q23 detected in the prenatal stages are limited and the range of clinical features reveals a quite high variability. Case presentation We report a detection of the microdeletion 14q22.1q23.1 spanning 7,7 Mb and involving the genes BMP4 and OTX2 in the foetus by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and verified by microarray subsequently. The pregnancy was referred to the genetic counselling for abnormal facial profile observed in the first trimester ultrasound scan and micrognathia (suspicion of Pierre Robin sequence), hypoplasia nasal bone and polydactyly in the second trimester ultrasound scan. The pregnancy was terminated on request of the parents. Conclusion An abnormal facial profile detected on prenatal scan can provide a clue to the presence of rare chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy despite the normal result of the first trimester screening test. The patients should be provided with genetic counselling. Usage of quick and sensitive methods (MLPA, microarray) is preferable for discovering a causal aberration because some of the CNVs cannot be detected with conventional karyotyping in these cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the earliest detection of this microdeletion (occurred de novo), the first case detected by MLPA and confirmed by microarray. Literature review of the genotype-phenotype correlation in similar reports leads us to the conclusion that dosage imbalance of the chromosomal segment 14q22q23 (especially haploinsuffiency of the genes BMP4 and OTX2) contributes significantly to orofacial abnormalities. Association of the region with the Pierre Robin sequence appears to be plausible.

Background: Detection of a single yolk sac on early first trimester ultrasound was previously thought to be a reliable diagnostic feature of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancies. Objectives: To determine the frequency of two yolk sacs in MCMA twin pregnancies and the association of yolk sac number with pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of MCMA twins managed at a tertiary obstetric centre from January 2003 until February 2017. All MCMA twin pregnancies were diagnosed on tertiary centre ultrasound and, where possible, placental histopathology postnatally. All MCMA twin pregnancies, including conjoined twins, with available first trimester ultrasounds from 5 to 11 weeks' gestation were included in the analysis. MCMA pregnancies without available first trimester ultrasounds and triplet pregnancies which included a MCMA pair were excluded from the study. Results: Sixty-seven MCMA cases were identified over 14 years. Thirty-eight cases were included in the analysis. There was one yolk sac identified in 26 cases (68%) and two yolk sacs in 12 cases (32%). Two yolk sacs were associated with a higher proportion of male fetuses (33%, 4 out of 12, vs. 8%, 2 out of 26; p = 0.01). There were no other significant differences between one and two yolk sacs for maternal or neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: Two yolk sacs are present in up to a third of all MCMA twin pregnancies, dispelling the original concept that a single yolk sac is diagnostic of MCMA pregnancies. Yolk sac number should not be used to determine amnionicity. The presence of two yolk sacs on first trimester ultrasound is associated with an increased rate of male fetuses. The number of yolk sacs has no other significant impact on perinatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic value of an early anomaly scan in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) in the prediction of aneuploidy. Methods: In this study we analyzed the data of pregnant women obtained at their first trimester screening in our unit. The detailed examination routinely includes measurement of NT and a scan for anatomical defects. For fetuses with an NT≥3.5 mm, the diagnostic power of early major sonographic findings (MSF) regarding abnormal karyotype was calculated. Results: A total of 7352 first trimester examinations were screened. Two hundred and twenty-two fetuses with an NT≥3.5 mm were analyzed. The median gestational age was 12.5 weeks (range 11.0–14.6) and the median NT was 5.1 mm (range 3.5–15.3). MSF were detected in 51.8% of fetuses with increased NT. Among 115 fetuses with MSF, 91 were aneuploid, yielding a positive predictive value for aneuploidy of 79.1%. In the absence of MSF, the negative predictive value was 70.1%. The presence of MSF was significantly predictive for aneuploidy both in bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: Our study underlines the importance of a detailed anatomical ultrasound in fetuses with increased NT, as MSF occurred frequently. However, the diagnostic value of MSF regarding aneuploidies appears to be moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interstitial microdeletion 14q22q23 is a rare chromosomal syndrome associated with variable defects: microphthalmia/anophthalmia, pituitary anomalies, polydactyly/syndactyly of hands and feet, micrognathia/ retrognathia. The reports of the microdeletion 14q22q23 detected in the prenatal stages are limited and the range of clinical features reveals a quite high variability. Case presentation: We report a detection of the microdeletion 14q22.1q23.1 spanning 7,7 Mb and involving the genes BMP4 and OTX2 in the foetus by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and verified by microarray subsequently. The pregnancy was referred to the genetic counselling for abnormal facial profile observed in the first trimester ultrasound scan and micrognathia (suspicion of Pierre Robin sequence), hypoplasia nasal bone and polydactyly in the second trimester ultrasound scan. The pregnancy was terminated on request of the parents. Conclusion: An abnormal facial profile detected on prenatal scan can provide a clue to the presence of rare chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy despite the normal result of the first trimester screening test. The patients should be provided with genetic counselling. Usage of quick and sensitive methods (MLPA, microarray) is preferable for discovering a causal aberration because some of the CNVs cannot be detected with conventional karyotyping in these cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the earliest detection of this microdeletion (occurred de novo), the first case detected by MLPA and confirmed by microarray. Literature review of the genotype-phenotype correlation in similar reports leads us to the conclusion that dosage imbalance of the chromosomal segment 14q22q23 (especially haploinsuffiency of the genes BMP4 and OTX2) contributes significantly to orofacial abnormalities. Association of the region with the Pierre Robin sequence appears to be plausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association and the potential predictive value of first trimester ultrasonographic parameters on the course and outcome of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken of 39 healthy women with consecutive monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. During first-trimester screening, crown-rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) were measured. The intertwin discordance in CRL and NT was determined. As pregnancy outcomes we assessed twins' live-born rates, Apgar scores, birth weight, pregnancy complications, and gestational week of delivery. Results: None of the assessed pregnancy outcomes significantly correlated with standard CRL discordance =10%. The newly established cut-off was 3.75 mm for CRL and 1.3 mm for NT. Monochorionic diamniotic twins were delivered in a later gestational week and had better chance of survival if CRL intertwin difference was <3.75 mm. Apgar scores significantly negatively correlated only with NT of corresponding twins. When intertwin NT difference was =1.3 mm, twins had lower birth weight and pregnancy complications were more frequent. Regression models show that intertwin CRL difference <3.75 mm is a significant predictor of live-born monochorionic diamniotic twins. Conclusion: CRL and NT in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies could indicate pregnancy complications and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the extent to which the distribution of crown-rump length (CRL) values may be correlated with different criteria for the quality of the CRL images.Study Design: This is a retrospective analysis of a series of 977 CRL images, by two independent observers, for the presence or the absence of 14 quality hallmarks. Inter-observer agreement for the hallmarks was assessed by the proportion of agreement and Cohen's kappa. The association between the quantiles of the CRL distribution and the presence or absence of the 14 quality hallmarks was modeled using quantile regression.Results: The overall inter-observer agreement across the 14 hallmarks was 91.7%, kappa=0.81, 95% CI [0.80-0.82]. Distribution of CRL measurements varied considerably as a function of image quality: when the fetus was in extension, the mean CRL was +5.7mm (vs. not in extension, p<0.001), when the fetus was in flexion (vs. not), the mean CRL was -4.7mm (p<0.001) and when the image magnification was <65% (vs. >65%), the mean CRL was -4.2mm (p<0.001). There was a global trend to over-estimate the CRL for the higher deciles and to under-estimate the CRL for the lower deciles when the sagittal quality hallmarks were absent. No significant impact on CRL distribution was observed in association with the precise placement of the calipers nor with the horizontal orientation of the fetus.Conclusion: Distribution of CRL measurements was influenced by the quality of CRL images. In particular, inadequate position of the fetus (flexion/extension) and insufficient image magnification were associated with systematic changes in the values of CRL. Our results show that as the quality of CRL images decreases, the associated variations in the distribution of CRL can have an impact on the chromosomal risk assessment and may lead to inappropriate obstetrical decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early ultrasound fetal sex determination is of obvious interest, particularly in the context of X-linked diseases. In the human, the anogenital distance, i.e., the distance between the caudal end and the base of the genital tubercule is sexually dimorphic. This difference is apparent from 11 weeks of gestation. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of anogenital distance measurement during the first trimester ultrasound in the early determination of fetal gender.Materials and Methods: Fetal gender was assessed by ultrasound in 310 singleton pregnancies at 11-14 weeks of gestation. The optimal cut-off was determined by the minimal p-value technic and validated using bootstrap simulation.Results: 310 women were included. A cut-off of 4.8mm was determined to predict male (≥4.8mm) or female (<4.8mm) fetuses. Sex was correctly determined for 87% of the males and 89% of the females. The inter-observer variability was excellent.Conclusion: This study presents a new sonographic sign for early fetal sex determination that has not been previously explored. It appears to be an accurate tool but it requires further validation in larger series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the reproducibility of a standardized approach to lower uterine segment (LUS) imaging by transvaginal ultrasound at 11–14 weeks. Methods: This was a “flash” study lasting for 1 month. Obstetrician-sonographers performing more than 50 first trimester ultrasounds per year participated. All consecutive women attending for their 11–14 weeks scan were included. A standardized, transvaginal approach to the imaging of LUS was defined. The sonographers recorded one or two images of the LUS. The quality of the images was assessed by sonographers and reviewed by an independent fetal medicine specialist using the same scoring system. Inter and intra-reviewer variability was assessed. Results: Seventy-one sonographers and 851 pregnant women participated. The mean (±SD) and medium (IQR) scores attributed by sonographer versus reviewer were 5.01 (±0.92) and 5 [4–6] versus 4.68 (±1.14) and 5 [4–5.24],p = 0.08. The mean [95% CI] difference of −0.33 [−2.6;2] was recorded. There was good, moderate and poor agreement in 74.4%, 16.7% and 8.9% cases, respectively. Variability in inter-reviewer and intra-reviewer was low with the mean [95% CI] difference of −0.1 [−1.6;1.4] and −0.1 [−1.4;1.2] respectively. Conclusions: A standardized approach to LUS imaging at 11–14 weeks is feasible and highly reproducible in a large population. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the visualizing rate of fetal kidneys at various gestational ages in late first trimester (FT) and to establish the clinical significance of their two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) appearance in the FT. Methods. In a prospective cross-sectional study, 1456 women from an unselected population underwent a detailed assessment of fetal anatomy at 11+0 -13+4 weeks of gestation with the use of transabdominal sonography. Information on the ultrasound findings, antenatal course and perinatal outcome was obtained in 1331 cases. Results. 44 cases in which a congenital kidney disease was detected by ultrasound in the prenatal period were identified. The renal pathology was suspected in the FT in 8 cases, and confirmed by a standard test (postmortem autopsy or second-trimester scan) in 4 cases. The standard detailed second-trimester scan at 18-22 weeks diagnosed another 23 cases but refuted suspicion in 4 FT positive cases. The third trimester added another 17, all confirmed by the postpartum scan. For FT presence or absence of congenital renal anomalies, sensitivity, specificity, +LRs and -LRs of 2DUS were 9.09%, 99.69%, 29.25, and 0.91. Conclusion. FT prenatal kidneys' visualization is critically dependent on the gestational age. FT diagnosis holds uncertainty. An early diagnosis carries a risk of providing a false-positive or a false-negative result, because the differentiation of the renal system is delayed or the diagnosis is not amenable yet to prenatal ultrasound. No FT findings can exclude the mid-trimester follow-up ultrasound scan. Second and third trimester scan are relevant for congenital kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the value of the cervical length (CL) measurement at 11-14 weeks in predicting second trimester miscarriage occurring at 16-24 weeks.Methods: Prospective study in routine obstetric population using transvaginal ultrasound examination to measure the length of the endocervical canal at 11-14 weeks.Results: The study group consisted of 2836 singleton pregnancies. Eleven (0.0038%) women miscarried between 16 and 24 weeks whereas 2825 delivered after 34 weeks. CL was significantly shorter (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.001), in women that had a second trimester miscarriage in comparison to those who delivered after 34 weeks (median CL 28 mm versus 32 mm, respectively). First trimester CL was predictive of a late miscarriage (OR = 0.7093304, R(2 )= 0.1211, AUC = 0.7838, p < 0.001). The detection rate was 63.64% for 20% screen positive rate.Conclusions: First trimester endocervix is significantly shorter in women destined to miscarry between 16 and 24 weeks. In low risk singleton pregnancies, first trimester CL can be useful in predicting second trimester miscarriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Nuchal translucency is a reliable first trimester screening test for fetal structural and chromosomal defects. Neonates with increased nuchal thickness are at greater risk for anomalies. Exogenous progesterone supplementation may affect nuchal translucency and thus the first trimester anomaly screening. We aimed to study if there was a difference in nuchal thickness between women receiving progesterone in the first trimester compared to those who were not supplemented with progesterone. Material and methods Forty-seven women with documented progesterone intake in the first trimester for at least 10 continuous days before the day of the nuchal translucency scan served as the study group compared to 47 other women who did not receive progesterone. Nuchal translucency was measured between 11 and 13 weeks and six days of gestation. Results The mean nuchal translucency increased with increasing gestation in both groups. Maximum mean nuchal translucency was greatest in the age group 18-20 years (1.35 + 0.1 millimeters) in women receiving progesterone compared to 36-40 years (1.65 + 0.49 millimeters) in controls. The mean nuchal translucency in women receiving progesterone was 1.15 + 0.26 millimeters, and in those that did not receive progesterone, it was 1.23 + 0.35 millimeters (p = 0.314). Conclusions Nuchal translucency increased with increasing gestation in both groups, irrespective of progesterone supplementation. There was no significant difference in mean nuchal translucency in women supplemented with progesterone compared to those that did not receive progesterone in the first trimester., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Bagde et al.)