Search

Your search keyword '"Fischer, Andreas M."' showing total 435 results
Start Over Author "Fischer, Andreas M."
435 results on '"Fischer, Andreas M."'

8. Cathepsin B- and L-like Protease Activities Are Induced During Developmental Barley Leaf Senescence.

Author

Schepetkin, Igor A. and Fischer, Andreas M.

Subjects
CYSTEINE proteinase inhibitors, CATHEPSIN B, CYSTEINE proteinases, BARLEY, FLUORESCEIN isothiocyanate
Abstract

Leaf senescence is a developmental process allowing nutrient remobilization to sink organs. Previously cysteine proteases have been found to be highly expressed during leaf senescence in different plant species. Using biochemical and immunoblotting approaches, we characterized developmental senescence of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. 'GemCraft') leaves collected from 0 to 6 weeks after the onset of flowering. A decrease in total protein and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunits occurred in parallel with an increase in proteolytic activity measured using the fluorogenic substrates Z-RR-AMC, Z-FR-AMC, and casein labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (casein-FITC). Aminopeptidase activity detected with R-AMC peaked at week 3 and then decreased, reaching a low level by week 6. Maximal proteolytic activity with Z-FR-AMC and Z-RR-AMC was detected from pH 4.0 to pH 5.5 and pH 6.5 to pH 7.4, respectively, while two pH optima (pH 3.6 to pH 4.5 and pH 6.5 to pH 7.4) were found for casein-FITC. Compound E-64, an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor, and CAA0225, a selective cathepsin L inhibitor, effectively inhibited proteolytic activity with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. CA-074, a selective cathepsin B inhibitor, was less potent under the same experimental conditions, with IC50 in the micromolar range. Inhibition by leupeptin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was weak, and pepstatin A, an inhibitor of aspartic acid proteases, had no effect at the concentrations studied (up to 0.2 mM). Maximal proteolytic activity with the aminopeptidase substrate R-AMC was detected from pH 7.0 to pH 8.0. The pH profile of DCG-04 (a biotinylated activity probe derived from E-64) binding corresponded to that found with Z-FR-AMC, suggesting that the major active proteases are related to cathepsins B and L. Moreover, immunoblotting detected increased levels of barley SAG12 orthologs and aleurain, confirming a possible role of these enzymes in senescing leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. How to provide actionable information on weather and climate impacts?–A summary of strategic, methodological, and technical perspectives

Author

Geiger, Tobias, primary, Röösli, Thomas, additional, Bresch, David N., additional, Erhardt, Bodo, additional, Fischer, Andreas M., additional, Imgrüth, Dominik, additional, Kienberger, Stefan, additional, Mainetti, Laura, additional, Mühlbacher, Gudrun, additional, and Spiekermann, Raphael, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Accuracy of an Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Algorithm Implementing a Recurrent Neural Network With Long Short-term Memory for the Automated Detection of Calcified Plaques From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

Author

Fischer, Andreas M., Eid, Marwen, De Cecco, Carlo N., Gulsun, Mehmet A., van Assen, Marly, Nance, John W., Sahbaee, Pooyan, De Santis, Domenico, Bauer, Maximilian J., Jacobs, Brian E., Varga-Szemes, Akos, Kabakus, Ismail M., Sharma, Puneet, Jackson, Logan J., and Schoepf, U. Joseph

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Artificial Intelligence-based Fully Automated Per Lobe Segmentation and Emphysema-quantification Based on Chest Computed Tomography Compared With Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Severity of Smokers

Author

Fischer, Andreas M., Varga-Szemes, Akos, Martin, Simon S., Sperl, Jonathan I., Sahbaee, Pooyan, Neumann, Dominik, Gawlitza, Joshua, Henzler, Thomas, Johnson, Colin M., Nance, John W., Schoenberg, Stefan O., and Schoepf, U. Joseph

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Climate change scenarios in use: Heat stress in Switzerland

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Casanueva, Ana, Kotlarski, Sven, Liniger, Mark A., Schwierz, C., Fischer, Andreas M., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Casanueva, Ana, Kotlarski, Sven, Liniger, Mark A., Schwierz, C., and Fischer, Andreas M.

Abstract

Under hot conditions the human body is able to regulate its core temperature via sweat evaporation, but this ability is reduced when air humidity is high. These conditions of high temperature and high humidity invoke heat stress which is a major problem for humans, in particular for vulnerable groups of the population and people under physical stress (e.g. heavy duty work without appropriate cooling systems). It is generally expected that the frequency, duration and magnitude of such unfavorable conditions will increase with further climate warming. In this respect, climate services play a crucial role by putting together climatological information and adaptation solutions to reduce future heat stress. We here assess the recently developed CH2018 scenarios for Switzerland (https://www.climate-scenarios.ch) in terms of heat stress conditions including their future projections. For this purpose, we characterize future extreme heat conditions with the use of climate analogs. By doing so, we attempt to produce more accessible climate information which might foster the use and understanding of regional-scale climate scenarios., Here heat stress is expressed through the Wet Bulb Temperature (TW), which is a relatively simple proxy for heat stress on the human body and which depends non-linearly on temperature and humidity. It is assessed in terms of single-day events and heat stress spells. Projections based on the CH2018 scenarios indicate increasing heat stress over Switzerland, which is accentuated towards the end of the century. High heat stress conditions might be about 3–5 times more frequent for an emission scenario without mitigation (RCP 8.5) than for the mitigation scenario (RCP 2.6) by the end of the 21st century. The projected increase of heat stress results in more and longer heat stress spells, thus highlighting the importance of timely and precise prevention strategies in the context of heat-health action plans. Spatial climate analogs based on heat stress spells in Switzerland greatly vary depending on the emission scenario and are found in Central Europe under a mitigation scenario and in southern Europe under unmitigated warming.

Published
2023

33. CNN-based evaluation of bone density improves diagnostic performance to detect osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with non-contrast chest CT examinations

Author

Breit, Hanns-Christian, primary, Varga-Szemes, Akos, additional, Schoepf, U. Joseph, additional, Emrich, Tilman, additional, Aldinger, Jonathan, additional, Kressig, Reto W., additional, Beerli, Nadine, additional, Andreas Buser, Tobias, additional, Breil, Dieter, additional, Derani, Ihsan, additional, Bridenbaugh, Stephanie, additional, Gill, Callum, additional, and Fischer, Andreas M., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Die Rolle der Ernährung für die Muskelgesundheit im Alter.

Author

Fischer, Andreas M. and Kressig, Reto W.

Subjects
*SARCOPENIA, *MUSCLE mass, *NUTRITION, *OLDER people, *PROTEINS, *AMINO acid synthesis, *PHYSICAL mobility, *HIGH-protein diet
Abstract

Abstract: The age-related change in the importance of nutrition for muscle health starts at the age of 50. Considering its effects on the mobility and physical independence of older people, the aging of the musculoskeletal system represents one of the greatest public health challenges and tasks for a demographically aging Switzerland. In particular sarcopenia, a pathological decrease in muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function beyond the physiological age-related changes, correlates with a significantly increased risk of falls as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. Common chronic diseases related to old age not only promote additional muscle loss but also frailty, leading to an additional decline of the quality of life. General practitioners play a crucial role in the initial assessment of changing life circumstances and activity profiles of older people. Thanks to their medical care over many years they are able to identify functional impairments of their aging patients at an early stage and address them in time. This is important because the combination of a high-protein diet and exercise may be extremely effective for improving muscle health and function. Eating more proteins (taking into account the newly revised and increased daily protein requirement for healthy seniors of 1,0–1,2g/kg body weight (bw)) can significantly slow down age-related muscle loss. Depending on age and comorbidities, the daily protein requirement might be even higher (1,5 to 2,0g/kg bw). According to current studies, a minimal protein amount of 25–35g per main dish is recommended for optimal muscle growth stimulation among older individiuals. Thanks to their highly potent boosting power on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates the amino acid L-leucine and L-leucine-rich foods play an important role in elderly people's diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. CH2018 - National climate scenarios for Switzerland : how to construct consistent multi-model projections from ensembles of opportunity

Author

Sørland, Silje Lund, Fischer, Andreas M., Kotlarski, Sven, Künsch, Hans R., Liniger, Mark A., Rajczak, Jan, Schär, Christoph, Spirig, Curdin, Strassmann, Kuno, Knutti, Reto, Sørland, Silje Lund, Fischer, Andreas M., Kotlarski, Sven, Künsch, Hans R., Liniger, Mark A., Rajczak, Jan, Schär, Christoph, Spirig, Curdin, Strassmann, Kuno, and Knutti, Reto

Abstract

The latest Swiss Climate Scenarios (CH2018), released in November 2018, consist of several datasets derived through various methods that provide robust and relevant information on climate change in Switzerland. The scenarios build upon the regional climate model projections for Europe produced through the internationally coordinated downscaling effort EURO-CORDEX. The simulations from EURO-CORDEX consist of simulations at two spatial horizontal resolutions, several global climate models, and three different emission scenarios. Even with this unique dataset of regional climate scenarios, a number of practical challenges regarding a consistent interpretation of the model ensemble arise. Here we present the methodological chain employed in CH2018 in order to generate a multi-model ensemble that is consistent across scenarios and is used as a basis for deriving the CH2018 products. The different steps involve a thorough evaluation of the full EURO-CORDEX model ensemble, the removal of doubtful and potentially erroneous simulations, a time-shift approach to account for an equal number of simulations for each emission scenario, and the multi-model combination of simulations with different spatial resolutions. Each component of this cascade of processing steps is associated with an uncertainty that eventually contributes to the overall scientific uncertainty of the derived scenario products. We present a comparison and an assessment of the uncertainties from these individual effects and relate them to probabilistic projections. It is shown that the CH2018 scenarios are generally supported by the results from other sources. Thus, the CH2018 scenarios currently provide the best available dataset of future climate change estimates in Switzerland.

Published
2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results