Search

É conhecido o facto de Fernando Pessoa ter traduzido vários poetas quer para o inglês quer para o português. Pouco sabemos contudo do seu trabalho enquanto tradutor da própria produção literária. Se Álvaro de Campos, por exemplo, se dedicou à auto-tradução de dois dos seus poemas, deixando-nos versos de "Opiary" e de "Naval Ode", já o ortónimo escolheu "O Marinheiro" – seu "drama estatico n'um quadro" publicado no no. 1 da revista Orpheu em 1915 – para o verter para as línguas francesa e inglesa. Nunca publicados e deixados em estado fragmentário, estes textos revelam não apenas uma condição de translinguismo muito evidente na restante obra de Pessoa como também processos de experimentação interlinguística que merecem ser analisados. Compararei passagens escolhidas, verificando se as versões diferem consoante as línguas de chegada. Com base nesta análise, procurarei finalmente apurar se se trata de traduções da versão portuguesa ou antes de esboços de criação poética directamente em francês e em inglês. Em anexo ao artigo serão apresentadas imagens de todos os manuscritos e dactiloscritos referentes a "O Marinheiro" nas três línguas, com respectivas transcrições e variantes.

In order to better facilitate scaling up of classroom innovations, two complementary strategies have often been discussed. The "community-based strategy" emphasizes the necessity for professional learning communities and their embedding in institutional settings. The "material-based strategy" starts from well-designed teaching materials, which are considered catalysts for bringing teaching approaches to many classrooms. The implementation project reported on in this study systematically combines both strategies and takes a third strategy into account: the systemic strategy of addressing higher levels of the school system, such as the school and district levels. The goal of the project is to help teachers to better support low-achieving students at the beginning of German secondary schools (grades 5 and 6). The results of the accompanying research in a quasi-experimental study, reported in this article, show that a combination of strategies can be effective: the participating low-achieving students had higher learning gains than a control group did. The deeper analysis provides insights into the complexities of the interplay of community aspects, institutional backgrounds, and the power of substantial teaching materials.

While the preponderance of morbidity and mortality in medulloblastoma patients are due to metastatic disease, most research focuses on the primary tumor due to a dearth of metastatic tissue samples and model systems. Medulloblastoma metastases are found almost exclusively on the leptomeningeal surface of the brain and spinal cord; dissemination is therefore thought to occur through shedding of primary tumor cells into the cerebrospinal fluid followed by distal re-implantation on the leptomeninges. We present evidence for medulloblastoma circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in therapy-naive patients and demonstrate in vivo, through flank xenografting and parabiosis, that medulloblastoma CTCs can spread through the blood to the leptomeningeal space to form leptomeningeal metastases. Medulloblastoma leptomeningeal metastases express high levels of the chemokine CCL2, and expression of CCL2 in medulloblastoma in vivo is sufficient to drive leptomeningeal dissemination. Hematogenous dissemination of medulloblastoma offers a new opportunity to diagnose and treat lethal disseminated medulloblastoma.

While molecular subgrouping has revolutionized medulloblastoma classification, the extent of heterogeneity within subgroups is unknown. Similarity network fusion (SNF) applied to genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression data across 763 primary samples identifies very homogeneous clusters of patients, supporting the presence of medulloblastoma subtypes. After integration of somatic copy-number alterations, and clinical features specific to each cluster, we identify 12 different subtypes of medulloblastoma. Integrative analysis using SNF further delineates group 3 from group 4 medulloblastoma, which is not as readily apparent through analyses of individual data types. Two clear subtypes of infants with Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma with disparate outcomes and biology are identified. Medulloblastoma subtypes identified through integrative clustering have important implications for stratification of future clinical trials.

Background: The integral model of Palliative Care recognizes the community as essential element in improving quality of life of patients and families. It is necessary to find a formula that allows the community to have a voice. The aim of this scoping review is to identify barriers and facilitators to engage community in PC. Methods: Systematic search was conducted in NICE, Cochrane Library, Health Evidence, CINAHL and PubMed database. Keywords: Palliative care, End of life care, community networks, community engagement, public engagement, community participation, social participation, barriers and facilitators. Results: Nine hundred seventy-one results were obtained. Search strategy and inclusion criteria yielded 13 studies that were read in detail to identify factors influencing community engagement in palliative care, categorized into: Public health and public engagement; Community attitudes towards palliative care, death and preferences at the end of life; Importance of volunteers in public engagement programs; Compassionate communities. Conclusion: Societal awareness must be a facilitated process to catalyse public engagement efforts. National policy initiatives and regional system support provide legitimacy and focus is essential for funding. The first step is to get a sense of what is important to society, bearing in mind cultural differences and to channel those aspects through health care professionals; connecting the most assistential part with community resources. The process and long-term results need to be systematically evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Austria, specialized palliative care (SPC) access is limited, with unclear referral criteria, making it challenging to identify hospitalized patients requiring SPC and determine referral timing and mortality at the palliative care unit (PCU). Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed patients who underwent a palliative care (PC) needs assessment between March 2016 and November 2021 and were subsequently admitted to the PCU of Austria's largest academic hospital. Demographic, clinical, and standardized referral form data were used for analysis, employing descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Out of the 903 assessed patients, 19% were admitted to the PCU, primarily cancer patients (94.7%), with lung (19%) and breast cancer (13%) being most prevalent. Common referral reasons included pain (61%) and nutritional problems (46%). Despite no significant differences in referral times, most patients (78.4%) died in the PCU, with varying outcomes based on cancer type. Referral reasons like pain (OR = 2.3), nutritional problems (OR = 2.4), and end-of-life care (OR = 6.5) were significantly associated with the outcome PCU mortality. Conclusions: This study underscores Austria's SPC access imbalance and emphasizes timely PC integration across disciplines for effective advance care planning and dignified end-of-life experiences in PCUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent medulloblastoma and ependymoma are universally lethal, with no approved targeted therapies and few candidates presently under clinical evaluation. Nearly all recurrent medulloblastomas and posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymomas are located adjacent to and bathed by the cerebrospinal fluid, presenting an opportunity for locoregional therapy, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. We identify three cell-surface targets, EPHA2, HER2 and interleukin 13 receptor [alpha]2, expressed on medulloblastomas and ependymomas, but not expressed in the normal developing brain. We validate intrathecal delivery of EPHA2, HER2 and interleukin 13 receptor [alpha]2 chimeric antigen receptor T cells as an effective treatment for primary, metastatic and recurrent group 3 medulloblastoma and PFA ependymoma xenografts in mouse models. Finally, we demonstrate that administration of these chimeric antigen receptor T cells into the cerebrospinal fluid, alone or in combination with azacytidine, is a highly effective therapy for multiple metastatic mouse models of group 3 medulloblastoma and PFA ependymoma, thereby providing a rationale for clinical trials of these approaches in humans. Intraventricularly delivered monovalent and trivalent CAR T cells exhibit greater therapeutic efficacy as compared with intravenously delivered CAR T cells in medulloblastoma xenograft mouse models and show potency in ependymoma xenograft mouse models., Author(s): Laura K. Donovan [sup.1] [sup.2] , Alberto Delaidelli [sup.3] , Sujith K. Joseph [sup.4] [sup.5] , Kevin Bielamowicz [sup.4] [sup.5] , Kristen Fousek [sup.4] [sup.5] , Borja L. Holgado [...]

Background: Given the increasing demand for palliative and end-of-life care, along with the introduction of costly new treatments, there is a pressing need for robust evidence on value. However, comprehensive guidance is missing on methods for conducting economic evaluations in this field. Aim: To identify and summarise existing information on methodological challenges and potential solutions/recommendations for economic evaluations of palliative and end-of-life care. Design: We conducted a systematic review of publications on methodological considerations for economic evaluations of adult palliative and end-of-life care as per our PROSPERO protocol CRD42020148160. Following initial searches, we conducted a two-stage screening process and quality appraisal. Information was thematically synthesised, coded, categorised into common themes and aligned with the items specified in the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement. Data sources: The databases Medline, Embase, HTADatabase, NHSEED and grey literature were searched between 1 January 1999 and 5 June 2023. Results: Out of the initial 6502 studies, 81 were deemed eligible. Identified challenges could be grouped into nine themes: ambiguous and inaccurate patient identification, restricted generalisability due to poor geographic transferability of evidence, narrow costing perspective applied, difficulties defining comparators, consequences of applied time horizon, ambiguity in the selection of outcomes, challenged outcome measurement, non-standardised measurement and valuation of costs as well as challenges regarding a reliable preference-based outcome valuation. Conclusion: Our review offers a comprehensive context-specific overview of methodological considerations for economic evaluations of palliative and end-of-life care. It also identifies the main knowledge gaps to help prioritise future methodological research specifically for this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]