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The purpose of this study is to see if the Fisher’s hypothesis validation is robust in year or/and countries dimensions. We investigate whether nominal or real stock market returns are hedged against inflation rate, so as to determine the appropriate time and markets to invest in (from the 32 countries) over a period covering the 2008 global finance crisis (GFC) and the Covid 19 outbreak. Hedging property is found to be homogenous within countries and stable in time. Using either nominal or real return, based on cross-sectional data results, Fisher’s hypothesis is generally validated with a few exceptions, while the time-series based results show that the hedge property is robust only in some countries. Using time series data (cross section data), in terms of homogeneity (homogeneity and stability), there is no difference between hedge property between Euro and non-Euro countries (groups of countries or between sub-periods) for both periods covering either 2008 GFC or the Covid 19 outbreak. Robust results are also the outcome of panel data investigations with or without the interest rate role as macro control variable.

This study examines the impacts of the US inflation rate on the bond prices of G7 countries across different maturities using inflation-induced equity market volatility (EMV) to better account for bond price determinants. The regression model, a GED-GARCH (1,1) procedure, is adopted to deal with the volatility clustering and fat tail features in bond return estimation. The testing results indicate that the inflation rate has a negative effect on bond returns across different maturities, although an exception occurs for longer maturities in Japan. Evidence shows that US inflation has a significant impact on bond returns for the non-US G7 countries. The negative effects from US inflation are more profound than those from the domestic market (expect in Japan). This study introduces the equity market volatility arising from inflation or the Fed's interest rate change; this variable produces market volatility that has a positive effect on bond returns, offsetting part of the original negative effect from a rise in inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faiz oranı ile enflasyon oranı arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamaya çalışan Fisher hipotezinin uzun yıllar boyunca ampirik literatürde incelendiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de Fisher hipotezinin geçerliliğini zaman serisi analiz yöntemlerini kullanarak incelemektedir. Literatürden farklı olarak ortalama fonlama maliyeti (AOFM), kredi ve mevduat faiz oranları aynı anda kullanılarak geniş perspektif ile konunun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye için 2011:01-2021:08 dönemi arasındaki verilere Engle ve Granger eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Seriler arasında eşbütünleşik ilişki bulunmasının ardından FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) eşbütünleşme tahmincisi kullanılarak hipotezin geçerliliği incelenmiştir. FMOLS analizi tahmin bulgularına göre, enflasyon oranının faiz oranı üzerinde istatistiki anlamlı etkiler yarattığı ve bu etkinin kredi ve mevduat faizlerinde farklılaştığı, kredi faizlerinde daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak ise en yüksek etkinin AOFM’de olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Toda ve Yamamoto nedensellik analizi de yapılarak seriler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Toda ve Yamamoto nedensellik analiz sonuçlarına göre enflasyon oranından çeşitli faiz oranlarına nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmektedir. Bu ilişkinin ihtiyaç kredisi ve AOFM’de çift yönlü olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Özetle, ampirik bulgular, Türkiye’de Fisher hipotezinin desteklendiğini göstermektedir.

The Fisher hypothesis suggests a one-to-one link between nominal interest rate and expected inflation. The indication is that interest rate is independent of expected inflation. This paper empirically examines the Fisher effect in Rwanda using data from 2012m5 to 2020m2. We employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique for data analysis. We find evidence of partial Fisher effect in Rwanda during the period. This indicates that changes in expected inflation are not fully absorbed in the nominal interest rate which suggests that bank deposits decline over time. Also, the findings suggest that monetary policy may not be efficient in such a circumstance and household's savings rate may suffer a decrease. Besides, the short-run results show no Fisher effect between nominal interest rate and expected inflation. This calls for great attention while fixing interest rate as a tool for monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is seen that the Fisher hypothesis, which tries to explain the relationship between the interest rate and the inflation rate, is examined in the empirical literature for many years. The study examines the validity of the Fisher hypothesis in Turkey using time series analysis methods. Unlike the literature, it is aimed to examine the subject with a broad perspective by using the average cost of funding (AOFM), loan and deposit interest rates at the same time. For this purpose, Engle and Granger cointegration analysis is performed on the data between 2011.01-2021.08 for Turkey. After finding a cointegrating relationship between the series, the validity of the hypothesis is examined by using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) cointegration estimator. According to the FMOLS analysis estimation findings, it is seen that the inflation rate has a statistically significant effect on the interest rate, and this effect differs in loan and deposit rates, and is higher in loan rates. In general, it is concluded that the highest effect is in AOFM. In addition, Toda and Yamamoto causality analysis is also performed and the causality relations between the series are examined. According to the results of Toda and Yamamoto causality analysis, causality relationship is determined from inflation rate to various interest rates. It is found that this relationship is bidirectional in consumer loans and AOFM. In summary, empirical findings show that the Fisher hypothesis is supported in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the validity of the Fisher effect in developed and developing countries that adopt inflation targeting. For this purpose, Fourier cointegration analysis is used in the study. According to the results of the analysis, there is no cointegration relationship between both short-term and long-term interest and inflation rates in developed and developing countries that adopt inflation targeting. In other words, the Fisher effect is not valid in the countries included in the study. The fact that the interest rate and the inflation rate do not move together, in the long run, causes an increase in uncertainty and a decrease in confidence in the economy with predictability. Therefore, central banks in these countries should follow monetary policy in a way that increases both predictability and confidence in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Researches & Studies / Finansal Araştirmalar ve Çalişmalar Dergisi is the property of Marmara University, School of Banking & Insurance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We test Fisher hypothesis in 14 inflation targeting emerging countries by quantile co-integration approach allowing asymmetric behaviour of long-run co-integration relationship. While conventional co-integration methods do not support Fisher hypothesis for any country, quantile co-integration approach confirms Fisher hypothesis in nine countries with time-varying behaviour of Fisher coefficient. Our results thereby can shed light on Fisher puzzle in inflation targeting emerging markets and provide insightful implications. The findings suggest that inflation targeting in emerging markets would lead to an asymmetric adjustment, implying heterogeneous effects of negative and positive shocks. Monetary authorities, in particular, tend to increase short-term interest rates by a larger amount during high inflation period than low inflation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the effect of inflation on the liquidity of the Nigerian stock market using annual time series data from 1981 to 2020. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of inflation on the liquidity of the Nigerian stock market by applying the Fisher Hypothesis and taking cognizance of interest and exchange rates as important control macroeconomic variables. We employed the unit root tests, cointegration and the ARDL Bounds Testing Technique in our econometric processes. The result of the unit root test shows a mixed order of integration. Therefore, we applied the ARDL Bound test in analyzing the series. Our results revealed that inflation rate has a positive and significant effect on Nigeria stock exchange liquidity within the period reviewed, affirming the Fisher hypothesis of 1930. More so, exchange and interest rates are significant with positive and negative impact on the market liquidity. The estimated regression line has a good fit and generally significant, and above all satisfies all the post test of normality, serial correlation, and recursive test of stability. The study recommends that, a reduction of personal income tax be enacted as a law in order to boost savings and investments in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impacts of the US inflation rate on the bond prices of G7 countries across different maturities using inflation-induced equity market volatility (EMV) to better account for bond price determinants. The regression model, a GED-GARCH (1,1) procedure, is adopted to deal with the volatility clustering and fat tail features in bond return estimation. The testing results indicate that the inflation rate has a negative effect on bond returns across different maturities, although an exception occurs for longer maturities in Japan. Evidence shows that US inflation has a significant impact on bond returns for the non-US G7 countries. The negative effects from US inflation are more profound than those from the domestic market (expect in Japan). This study introduces the equity market volatility arising from inflation or the Fed’s interest rate change; this variable produces market volatility that has a positive effect on bond returns, offsetting part of the original negative effect from a rise in inflation.

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede yüksek enflasyon oranlarının en temel sorunlardan bir tanesi olmasına bağlı olarak, enflasyon oranlarının faiz oranı üzerindeki etkisi halen tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise bu durumun iktisat literatüründe bir karşılığı olan Fisher Etkisi göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Ocak 2005-Ekim 2020 dönemleri arası aylık enflasyon ve faiz verileri kullanılarak Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik testi çalıştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ise genel itibari ile enflasyon oranları ile faiz oranları arasında nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu yönünde bulgulara erişilmiştir. Değişkenlerin pozitif ve negatif şoklarına ayrılarak yapılan analizlerde ise enflasyondaki artış ile faizlerde ki artış arasında iki yönlü simetrik bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, faizlerdeki artış enflasyonu hem simetrik hem de asimetrik etkilediği görülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara bakıldığında 2005-2020 yılları için Türkiye’de Fisher Hipotezi’nin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Let HT ht ${\gamma } {t}={\gamma } {t}^{0}+\frac{w}{{a} {T}}$. Assumptions 1 and 3 above are needed to establish a limit theory for HT ht as in [3], [10], and [4]. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: The objective of the article is to empirically explore the effects of actual, expected, and unexpected inflation on conventional and Islamic stock markets in Indonesia. Research Design & Methods: In the first stage, an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is utilized to measure expected and unexpected inflations. In the second stage, a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator is used to explore the stock return-inflation nexus over the period from 1999 to 2019. Findings: The study documented that Islamic stock returns are independent of inflation following the Fisher hypothesis. Meanwhile, a negative relationship between stock returns and inflation is found in the conventional stock market. However, the Fama proxy hypothesis was incapable of describing the negative conventional stock returns-inflation relation in its entirety. However, our findings support the Mundell-Tobin hypothesis. Implications & Recommendations: Our findings imply that the Islamic stock market of Indonesia provides a full hedge against actual, while the conventional stock market does not. Contribution & Value Added: This study is the first attempt in the Islamic finance literature to comparatively explore the effects of inflation, expected, and unexpected inflation on conventional and Islamic stock markets from the perspective of the emerging Indonesian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a non-causality approach based on the conventional approach of Fama and Schwert (1977), cointegration method in Johansen (1988), and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique in Pesaran et al. (2001) and Granger et al. (2000), this study examines the inflation hedging effectiveness of residential property in three of the largest emerging market (EM) economies: China, India and Russia. While the results of the Fama and Schwert (1977) regression indicate that residential properties in China and Russia provide a short-term hedge against expected inflation, this is not the case for those in India against both expected and unexpected inflation. Consistent with the results of the developed economies, the Johansen and ARDL cointegration results provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis that inflation and the residential properties in the three largest EM economies are cointegrated. This implies that the residential properties in these three countries provide a long-term hedge for inflation. In addition, the causality results show evidence that inflation has a lead effect on residential property prices in India over the long run. The empirical results of the cointegration tests confirm that residential properties could be considered as a reliable hedge against inflation for EMs in the long run and suggest that investors should overweigh their investment in residential property assets during periods of persistent inflation in EMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses about re-testing the validity of the Fisher hypothesis in Indonesia. By using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, we will know if there is any causality between interest rate and inflation or not, for the long-term relationship. Interest rate divided into two main points, real interest rate and nominal interest rate. Hence, there are three main variables for this research, inflation, real interest rate and nominal interest rate. We applied the bound test to know cointegration between variables. The result shows that there is no evidence of long-term relationship and short term relationship between nominal interest rate and inflation in Indonesia.

Inflation is an increase in the general level of prices which indicates a decrease in the purchasing power of households and a decrease in their real income. The level of interest rates in an economy plays an important role in entrepreneurs' investment decisions. The Fisher Effect is known as a positive relation between the inflation rate and interest rates, with causality running from inflation rates to interest rates. However, the results of research in the economics literature conducted with different countries and methods on the Fisher Effect have differences. In recent years, linearity methods have been abandoned to examine asymmetric relationships between variables, and nonlinear methods have gained importance. In this study, the relationship between interest rates and inflation in the Turkish economy is examined with nonlinear Granger Causality Analysis in the context of Fisher Effect using monthly data. As a result of the study, a unidirectional causal relationship is detected from inflation to interest rates for the Turkish economy. Also, the Fisher hypothesis is found to be valid for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the inflation-hedging ability of common stocks in the long run for emerging market countries using monthly data on stock and goods prices over the period 1982:01–20,016:01. Johansen's (J Econ Dyn Control 12:231–254, 1988) method of cointegration is employed for 28 countries for which the order of integration of the underlying series is the same, and Pesaran et al.'s (J Appl Econom 16:289–326, 2001) autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test is used for 18 countries for which the order of integration is not the same. In only 10 cases is the long-run relationship established between stock and goods prices when the former test is used, whereas such a relationship is established in 7 cases when the latter test is used. The results of error-correction representations normalized on stock prices indicate that stock prices take a long time to return to their long-run equilibrium relation with goods prices. Overall, common stocks provide a good hedge against inflation in the long run in more than one-third of the cases examined. One implication that emerges from these results is that in the majority of the countries, monetary authorities are not able to control inflation by reducing the nominal interest rate. Another implication is that the monetary growth is not the key factor determining the long-run inflation rate in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article makes an initial attempt to study the hedging effectiveness of Islamic stock returns against inflation for different investment horizons. We applied the wavelet analysis to measure the cross-correlations between the time series as a function of time-scales using data ranging from 2007 to early 2015. The main results tend to indicate the following: First, that for investment horizons not exceeding 3 years, the FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Shariah Index constituent returns may potentially hedge against inflation. Additionally, the hedging ability of stock returns was absent from 2008 to 2009 following the global financial crisis. Finally, a buy-and-hold strategy exceeding 3 years may erode investments. The results are plausible and have strong policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Business Research is the property of Istanbul Business Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between real stock returns, inflation, and real activity using the Markov-switching dynamic regression (MS-DR) approach. The MS-DR allows multiple structural breaks in the estimation, and we can check regression coefficients separately in the recession and expansion periods. We selected two major developing countries (Mexico and South Africa) in order to reduce location bias. We use real stock returns, expected inflation, unexpected inflation, and real GDP growth in the estimations, and the ARFIMA model is used for unexpected inflation. The empirical results show that the relationship between real stock returns and inflation is negative only in the recession period. This regime-dependency is also tested with Eugene F. Fama’s (1981) proxy effect hypothesis, and it is found that the stock returns respond differently to inflation in a regime according to the regime-dependent proxy effect hypothesis. These findings suggest that the negative relationship puzzle in the empirical finance literature can be explained with the regime-dependency effect.

Declining inflation persistence has been documented in numerous studies. We show that when time series with changes in persistence are analyzed in a regression framework with other persistent time series like interest rates, spurious regressions are likely to occur. We propose the coefficient of determination R2 as a simple test statistic to distinguish between spurious and genuine regressions in situations where time series possibly exhibit changes in persistence. We extend the analysis towards fractional (co-)integration as well. To this end, we establish the limit theory for the R2 statistic and conduct a Monte Carlo study where we investigate its finite-sample properties. The test performs remarkably well in terms of size and power and is robust to level shifts and multiple changes in persistence. Finally, we apply the test to the Fisher equation for the United States. The newly proposed R2-based test offers robust evidence favourable to the Fisher hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, three innovative panel error-correction model (PECM) tests are proposed. These tests are based on the multivariate versions of the Wald (W), likelihood ratio (LR), and Lagrange multiplier (LM) tests. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the size and power of the tests are investigated when the error terms exhibit both cross-sectional dependence and independence. We find that the LM test is the best option when the error terms follow independent white-noise processes. However, in the more empirically relevant case of cross-sectional dependence, we conclude that the W test is the optimal choice. In contrast to previous studies, our method is general and does not rely on the strict assumption that a common factor causes the cross-sectional dependency. In an empirical application, our method is also demonstrated in terms of the Fisher effect—a hypothesis about the existence of which there is still no clear consensus. Based on our sample of the five Nordic countries we utilize our powerful test and discover evidence which, in contrast to most previous research, confirms the Fisher effect. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates the validity of the Fisher Hypothesis in Turkey covering the period 2003 – 2012. To test validity of Fisher Hypothesis, this paper uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag test for threshold cointegration recently introduced in the literature by Li and Lee (2010). The empirical results which are obtained from this paper indicate that Fisher hypothesis is valid for Turkey, meaning nominal interest rates would be an important leading indicator for inflation.

In Economics literature many studies tried to examine whether stocks are perfect hedge against inflation. The answer is not conclusive. In this paper, using data from Tehran stock market, the relationship between inflation and stock returns during April 1991 till March 2009 is reexamined. The empirical results have shown that Fisher Hypothesis, which asserts that stocks are perfect hedge against inflation, has been rejected and also it is revealed that stocks are a weak hedge against inflation in Tehran stock market. Fama has already tried to explain why Fisher hypothesis did not hold in some situations. In this paper Fama hypothesis is examined and it is found out that Fama explanation for the rejection of the Fisher hypothesis is hardly acceptable and the negative relationship between inflation and real rate of return of the stocks in Tehran stock market can be attributed to temporary part of the inflation.

This paper presents a new perspective on the Fisher hypothesis, which states a positiverelationship between nominal stock returns and inflation. The new approach is based on a waveletmultiscaling method that decomposes a given time series on a scale-by-scale basis. The time series of inflation and stock return are decomposed into three wavelet details and one wavelet smooth. Empirical results show that there is a positive relationship between stock returns and inflation at 2month period and at 8-month period, while a negative relationship is shown 4-month period. Also,no significant relationship was revealed in one month time horizon. This indicates that the nominal return results are supportive of the Fisher hypothesis for risky Assets in d2 and s3 of the wavelet domain, while the stock returns do not play a role as an inflation hedge at one month and four month timescales.

Noting that many economic variables display occasional shifts in their second order moments, we investigate the performance of homogenous panel unit root tests in the presence of permanent volatility shifts. It is shown that in this case the test statistic proposed by Herwartz and Siedenburg (2008) is asymptotically standard Gaussian. By means of a simulation study we illustrate the performance of first and second generation panel unit root tests and undertake a more detailed comparison of the test in Herwartz and Siedenburg (2008) and its heteroskedasticity consistent Cauchy counterpart introduced in Demetrescu and Hanck (2012a). As an empirical illustration, we reassess evidence on the Fisher hypothesis with data from nine countries over the period 1961Q2–2011Q2. Empirical evidence supports panel stationarity of the real interest rate for the entire subperiod. With regard to the most recent two decades, the test results cast doubts on market integration, since the real interest rate is diagnosed nonstationary. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]