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5. Index Air Quality Monitoring for Light and Active Mobility.

Author

Botticini, Stefano, Comini, Elisabetta, Dello Iacono, Salvatore, Flammini, Alessandra, Gaioni, Luigi, Galliani, Andrea, Ghislotti, Luca, Lazzaroni, Paolo, Re, Valerio, Sisinni, Emiliano, Verzeroli, Matteo, and Zappa, Dario

Subjects
AIR quality indexes, AIR quality monitoring, ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations, AIR quality, ELECTRIC bicycles, SESSION Initiation Protocol (Computer network protocol), SOFTWARE development tools
Abstract

Light and active mobility, as well as multimodal mobility, could significantly contribute to decarbonization. Air quality is a key parameter to monitor the environment in terms of health and leisure benefits. In a possible scenario, wearables and recharge stations could supply information about a distributed monitoring system of air quality. The availability of low-power, smart, low-cost, compact embedded systems, such as Arduino Nicla Sense ME, based on BME688 by Bosch, Reutlingen, Germany, and powered by suitable software tools, can provide the hardware to be easily integrated into wearables as well as in solar-powered EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) for scooters and e-bikes. In this way, each e-vehicle, bike, or EVSE can contribute to a distributed monitoring network providing real-time information about micro-climate and pollution. This work experimentally investigates the capability of the BME688 environmental sensor to provide useful and detailed information about air quality. Initial experimental results from measurements in non-controlled and controlled environments show that BME688 is suited to detect the human-perceived air quality. CO2 readout can also be significant for other gas (e.g., CO), while IAQ (Index for Air Quality, from 0 to 500) is heavily affected by relative humidity, and its significance below 250 is quite low for an outdoor uncontrolled environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. End-to-End Emulation of LoRaWAN Architecture and Infrastructure in Complex Smart City Scenarios Exploiting Containers.

Author

Gaffurini, Massimiliano, Flammini, Alessandra, Ferrari, Paolo, Fernandes Carvalho, Dhiego, Godoy, Eduardo Paciencia, and Sisinni, Emiliano

Subjects
*SMART cities, *CONFIGURATION management, *SOFTWARE as a service, *COMPUTING platforms, *CONTAINERS
Abstract

In a LoRaWAN network, the backend is generally distributed as Software as a Service (SaaS) based on container technology, and recently, a containerized version of the LoRaWAN node stack is also available. Exploiting the disaggregation of LoRaWAN components, this paper focuses on the emulation of complex end-to-end architecture and infrastructures for smart city scenarios, leveraging on lightweight virtualization technology. The fundamental metrics to gain insights and evaluate the scaling complexity of the emulated scenario are defined. Then, the methodology is applied to use cases taken from a real LoRaWAN application in a smart city with hundreds of nodes. As a result, the proposed approach based on containers allows for the following: (i) deployments of functionalities on diverse distributed hosts; (ii) the use of the very same SW running on real nodes; (iii) the simple configuration and management of the emulation process; (iv) affordable costs. Both premise and cloud servers are considered as emulation platforms to evaluate the resource request and emulation cost of the proposed approach. For instance, emulating one hour of an entire LoRaWAN network with hundreds of nodes requires very affordable hardware that, if realized with a cloud-based computing platform, may cost less than USD 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Testing Facility for the Characterization of the Integration of E-Vehicles into Smart Grid in Presence of Renewable Energy

Author

Ferrari, Paolo, Flammini, Alessandra, Pasetti, Marco, Rinaldi, Stefano, Simoncini, Flavio, Sisinni, Emiliano, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martin, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Saponara, Sergio, editor, and De Gloria, Alessandro, editor

Published
2019
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14. Evaluating the Joint Use of LoRaWAN and Bluetooth Mesh to Improve Survivability for Critical Sensor Applications

Author

Sisinni, Emiliano, Depari, Alessandro, Flammini, Alessandra, Rinaldi, Stefano, and Ferrari, Paolo

Abstract

Wide area, wireless, Internet of Things (IoT)-based, distributed sensor systems can be employed in mixed criticality solutions for measurement/detection/signaling of emergencies, dangers, accidents, and disasters. All these scenarios require reliability, security, and safety. This work introduces and characterizes a new proposal to enhance existing LoRaWAN applications by adding a transparent redundant channel just for critical traffic. Network survivability and delivery success of critical messages, even with low LoRaWAN signal quality (as in indoors), is increased. The proposal preserves the LoRaWAN backend structure (including end-to-end (E2E) security) using short-range radios to implement an underlying redundant mesh channel for transparently transporting LoRaWAN traffic of critical applications. Hybrid scenarios with legacy standard nodes coexisting are also permitted. The proof-of-concept combines LoRaWAN and, without losing generality, a redundant channel with Bluetooth mesh (BM). This work includes: metrics definition, evaluation of complex scenario by means of simulations, and real experiments demonstrating feasibility and integration with LoRaWAN-compliant backend using commercial hardware/firmware/software. In particular, results confirm that packet loss in the order of 1% on the BM side can be obtained and therefore the critical traffic delivery success is improved by almost two orders of magnitude.

Published
2024
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19. List of Contributors

Author

Aracil, Carmen, primary, Aslan, Semih, additional, Bermejo, Sandra, additional, Birleanu, Corina, additional, Chaturvedi, Vikram, additional, Chew, Zheng J., additional, Choi, Jaeyong, additional, Cosijns, Suzanne J.A.G., additional, Delgado, Francisco J., additional, Depari, Alessandro, additional, Dubuc, David, additional, Dudescu, Cristian, additional, Flammini, Alessandra, additional, García, Juan, additional, George, Boby, additional, Gilliland, Spenser, additional, Golinval, Jean-Claude, additional, Gottwald, Alexander, additional, Grenier, Katia, additional, Haitjema, Han, additional, Heidary, Ali, additional, Iannacci, Jacopo, additional, Jansen, Maarten J., additional, Langfelder, Giacomo, additional, Lee, Sukhan, additional, Li, Lijie, additional, Luque, Antonio, additional, Meijer, Gerard C.M., additional, Nabavi, Mohammad R., additional, Nihtianov, Stoyan, additional, Ortega, Pablo R., additional, Oruklu, Erdal, additional, Perdigones, Francisco, additional, Pustan, Marius, additional, Quero, José M., additional, Reverter, Ferran, additional, Salvador, Blas, additional, Saniie, Jafar, additional, Sapozhnikova, Kseniia, additional, Scholze, Frank, additional, Sreekantan, Anoop C., additional, Taymanov, Roald, additional, Tocchio, Alessandro, additional, Turqueti, Marcos, additional, Vogel, Johan G., additional, Wang, Guijie, additional, and Xia, Sha, additional

Published
2018
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49. Model and experimental characterization of the dynamic behavior of low-power carbon monoxide MOX sensors operated with pulsed temperature profiles

Author

Bicelli, Sebastian, Depari, Alessandro, Faglia, Guido, Flammini, Alessandra, Fort, Ada, Mugnaini, Marco, Ponzoni, Andrea, Vignoli, Valerio, and Rocchi, Santina

Subjects
Carbon monoxide -- Electric properties, Carbon monoxide -- Thermal properties, Metallic oxides -- Electric properties, Metallic oxides -- Thermal properties, Sensors -- Evaluation
Published
2009

50. Design and implementation of a wireless fieldbus for plastic machineries

Author

Flammini, Alessandra, Marioli, Daniele, Sisinni, Emiliano, and Taroni, Andrea

Subjects
Plastics machinery -- Analysis, Real-time control -- Analysis, Real-time systems -- Analysis, Wireless sensor networks -- Analysis, Real-time system, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Fieldbus systems are well known in the industrial automation world. Due to the increasing demand for scalability and capability of working in harsh environment, the use of wireless communication is gaining in importance. In the past, some efforts were pursued to encapsulate wired standards over wireless link, but their diffusion is limited by reliability and predictability requirements. In addition, event-driven protocols borrowed from the consumer world (as IEEE802.11 or IEEE802.15.4) are not well suited for some industrial applications. In this paper, authors present the design and the experimental evaluation of a wireless real-time communication protocol that tries to overcome these limits. It exploits standard hardware to lower cost and implements a hybrid medium access strategy. Time Division Multiple Access scheduling is used to ensure time deadlines respect, while Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance is used for acyclic communications, as those involved in network management. It has been successfully adopted for temperature monitoring in plastic machineries. The prototype network adopts star topology and can manage up to 16 nodes with a refresh time of 128 ms. Index Terms--Low-power system, real-time systems, synchronization, wireless sensor network (WSN).

Published
2009

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