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804 results on '"Fleishman, Erica"'

1. Social vulnerability of the people exposed to wildfires in U.S. West Coast states.

Author

Modaresi Rad, Arash, Abatzoglou, John, Fleishman, Erica, Mockrin, Miranda, Radeloff, Volker, Pourmohamad, Yavar, Cattau, Megan, Johnson, J, Higuera, Philip, Nauslar, Nicholas, and Sadegh, Mojtaba

Subjects
Humans, Wildfires, Social Vulnerability, Washington, Fires, Vulnerable Populations
Abstract

Understanding of the vulnerability of populations exposed to wildfires is limited. We used an index from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess the social vulnerability of populations exposed to wildfire from 2000-2021 in California, Oregon, and Washington, which accounted for 90% of exposures in the western United States. The number of people exposed to fire from 2000-2010 to 2011-2021 increased substantially, with the largest increase, nearly 250%, for people with high social vulnerability. In Oregon and Washington, a higher percentage of exposed people were highly vulnerable (>40%) than in California (~8%). Increased social vulnerability of populations in burned areas was the primary contributor to increased exposure of the highly vulnerable in California, whereas encroachment of wildfires on vulnerable populations was the primary contributor in Oregon and Washington. Our results emphasize the importance of integrating the vulnerability of at-risk populations in wildfire mitigation and adaptation plans.

Published
2023

2. Learning Stage-wise GANs for Whistle Extraction in Time-Frequency Spectrograms

Author

Li, Pu, Roch, Marie, Klinck, Holger, Fleishman, Erica, Gillespie, Douglas, Nosal, Eva-Marie, Shiu, Yu, and Liu, Xiaobai

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Whistle contour extraction aims to derive animal whistles from time-frequency spectrograms as polylines. For toothed whales, whistle extraction results can serve as the basis for analyzing animal abundance, species identity, and social activities. During the last few decades, as long-term recording systems have become affordable, automated whistle extraction algorithms were proposed to process large volumes of recording data. Recently, a deep learning-based method demonstrated superior performance in extracting whistles under varying noise conditions. However, training such networks requires a large amount of labor-intensive annotation, which is not available for many species. To overcome this limitation, we present a framework of stage-wise generative adversarial networks (GANs), which compile new whistle data suitable for deep model training via three stages: generation of background noise in the spectrogram, generation of whistle contours, and generation of whistle signals. By separating the generation of different components in the samples, our framework composes visually promising whistle data and labels even when few expert annotated data are available. Regardless of the amount of human-annotated data, the proposed data augmentation framework leads to a consistent improvement in performance of the whistle extraction model, with a maximum increase of 1.69 in the whistle extraction mean F1-score. Our stage-wise GAN also surpasses one single GAN in improving whistle extraction models with augmented data. The data and code will be available at https://github.com/Paul-LiPu/CompositeGAN\_WhistleAugment., Comment: Accepted by IEEE Transactions of Multimedia (2023)

Published
2023
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3. A horizon scan of biological conservation issues for 2025

Author

Sutherland, William J., Brotherton, Peter N.M., Butterworth, Holly M., Clarke, Stewart J., Davies, Tammy E., Doar, Nigel, Esmail, Nafeesa, Fleishman, Erica, Gaston, Kevin J., Herbert-Read, James E., Hughes, Alice C., Hughes, Jonathan, Kaartokallio, Hermanni, Koh, Lian Pin, Kumar, Ritesh, Lickorish, Fiona A., Littler, Hannah, Palardy, James E., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Schloss, Irene R., Spalding, Mark D., ten Brink, Dirk, Tew, Eleanor R., Timoshyna, Anastasiya, Tubbs, Nicolas, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan, Wilson, Jeremy D., and Thornton, Ann

Published
2025
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6. Learning Deep Models from Synthetic Data for Extracting Dolphin Whistle Contours

Author

Li, Pu, Liua, Xiaobai, Palmer, K. J., Fleishman, Erica, Gillespie, Douglas, Nosal, Eva-Marie, Shiu, Yu, Klinck, Holger, Cholewiak, Danielle, Helble, Tyler, and Roch, Marie A.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

We present a learning-based method for extracting whistles of toothed whales (Odontoceti) in hydrophone recordings. Our method represents audio signals as time-frequency spectrograms and decomposes each spectrogram into a set of time-frequency patches. A deep neural network learns archetypical patterns (e.g., crossings, frequency modulated sweeps) from the spectrogram patches and predicts time-frequency peaks that are associated with whistles. We also developed a comprehensive method to synthesize training samples from background environments and train the network with minimal human annotation effort. We applied the proposed learn-from-synthesis method to a subset of the public Detection, Classification, Localization, and Density Estimation (DCLDE) 2011 workshop data to extract whistle confidence maps, which we then processed with an existing contour extractor to produce whistle annotations. The F1-score of our best synthesis method was 0.158 greater than our baseline whistle extraction algorithm (~25% improvement) when applied to common dolphin (Delphinus spp.) and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) whistles., Comment: Invited paper for International Joint Conference on Neural Networks

Published
2020

7. A horizon scan of global biological conservation issues for 2024

Author

Sutherland, William J., Bennett, Craig, Brotherton, Peter N.M., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Butterworth, Holly M., Clarke, Stewart J., Esmail, Nafeesa, Fleishman, Erica, Gaston, Kevin J., Herbert-Read, James E., Hughes, Alice C., James, Jennifer, Kaartokallio, Hermanni, Le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Newport, Sarah, Palardy, James E., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Primack, Richard B., Primack, Willow E., Schloss, Irene R., Spalding, Mark D., ten Brink, Dirk, Tew, Eleanor, Timoshyna, Anastasiya, Tubbs, Nicolas, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan, Wilson, Jeremy D., and Thornton, Ann

Published
2024
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10. A global biological conservation horizon scan of issues for 2023

Author

Sutherland, William J., Bennett, Craig, Brotherton, Peter N.M., Butterworth, Holly M., Clout, Mick N., Côté, Isabelle M., Dinsdale, Jason, Esmail, Nafeesa, Fleishman, Erica, Gaston, Kevin J., Herbert-Read, James E., Hughes, Alice, Kaartokallio, Hermanni, Le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Matcham, Wendy, Noor, Noor, Palardy, James E., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Scobey, Richard, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Tubbs, Nicolas, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan E., Wilson, Jeremy D., and Thornton, Ann

Published
2023
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11. Understanding the population consequences of disturbance

Author

Pirotta, Enrico, Booth, Cormac G, Costa, Daniel P, Fleishman, Erica, Kraus, Scott D, Lusseau, David, Moretti, David, New, Leslie F, Schick, Robert S, Schwarz, Lisa K, Simmons, Samantha E, Thomas, Len, Tyack, Peter L, Weise, Michael J, Wells, Randall S, and Harwood, John

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, anthropogenic disturbance, environmental impact assessments, marine mammals, nonconsumptive effects, population consequences, trait-mediated indirect interactions, uncertainty, trait‐mediated indirect interactions, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Managing the nonlethal effects of disturbance on wildlife populations has been a long-term goal for decision makers, managers, and ecologists, and assessment of these effects is currently required by European Union and United States legislation. However, robust assessment of these effects is challenging. The management of human activities that have nonlethal effects on wildlife is a specific example of a fundamental ecological problem: how to understand the population-level consequences of changes in the behavior or physiology of individual animals that are caused by external stressors. In this study, we review recent applications of a conceptual framework for assessing and predicting these consequences for marine mammal populations. We explore the range of models that can be used to formalize the approach and we identify critical research gaps. We also provide a decision tree that can be used to select the most appropriate model structure given the available data. Synthesis and applications: The implementation of this framework has moved the focus of discussion of the management of nonlethal disturbances on marine mammal populations away from a rhetorical debate about defining negligible impact and toward a quantitative understanding of long-term population-level effects. Here we demonstrate the framework's general applicability to other marine and terrestrial systems and show how it can support integrated modeling of the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that regulate trait-mediated, indirect interactions in ecological communities, that is, the nonconsumptive effects of a predator or stressor on a species' behavior, physiology, or life history.

Published
2018

12. A horizon scan of global biological conservation issues for 2022

Author

Sutherland, William J., Atkinson, Philip W., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Capaja, Marcela, Dicks, Lynn V., Fleishman, Erica, Gaston, Kevin J., Hails, Rosemary S., Hughes, Alice C., Le Anstey, Becky, Le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Maggs, Luke, Noor, Noor, Oldfield, Thomasina E.E., Palardy, James E., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Truelove, Gemma, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan, Wilson, Jeremy D., and Thornton, Ann

Published
2022
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14. Multiscale guidance and tools for implementing a landscape approach to resource management in the Bureau of Land Management /

Author

Carter, Sarah K., Carr, Natasha B., Miller, Kevin H., Wood, David J. A., Hickey, Jena R., Rogers, Karla N., Litschert, Sandra E., Flather, Curtis H., Fleishman, Erica, Leu, Matthias, Noon, Barry R. (Barry Richard), 1949, Leinwand, Ian I.F., Geological Survey (U.S.), United States. Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Land Management (archive.org), Carter, Sarah K., Carr, Natasha B., Miller, Kevin H., Wood, David J. A., Hickey, Jena R., Rogers, Karla N., Litschert, Sandra E., Flather, Curtis H., Fleishman, Erica, Leu, Matthias, Noon, Barry R. (Barry Richard), 1949, Leinwand, Ian I.F., Geological Survey (U.S.), and United States. Bureau of Land Management

Subjects
Bureau of Land Management, Environmental monitoring, Landscape ecology, Management, Natural resources, United States
Published
2017

17. A 2021 Horizon Scan of Emerging Global Biological Conservation Issues

Author

Sutherland, William J., Atkinson, Philip W., Broad, Steven, Brown, Sam, Clout, Mick, Dias, Maria P., Dicks, Lynn V., Doran, Helen, Fleishman, Erica, Garratt, Elizabeth L., Gaston, Kevin J., Hughes, Alice C., Le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Maggs, Luke, Palardy, James E., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Walpole, Matt, Watson, James E.M., Wentworth, Jonathan, and Thornton, Ann

Published
2021
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18. Shifts in elevational distributions of montane birds in an arid ecosystem.

Author

Zillig, Martha W., Brooks, Wesley, and Fleishman, Erica

Subjects
NORMALIZED difference vegetation index, BIRD populations, BIRD breeding, ARID regions, SPECIES distribution
Abstract

Montane species are generally predicted to respond to climate change via upslope movement. Elevational range shifts of birds rarely have been examined in arid regions. Here, we examine shifts in the elevational distributions of breeding birds from two regions of the Great Basin, a desert in the western USA, over 10 to 20 years. We collected data annually from 2001 to 2020, a relatively long and consistent time series that is uncommon in research on distributional shifts. We used single‐species occupancy models of 32 bird species to examine shifts along the full elevational gradient (1650–3200 m a.s.l.) and within the lowest and highest edges (25%) of the gradient. We then conducted simulations to test whether population stochasticity could confound inferences about shifts. We examined whether temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity (normalized difference vegetation index) were associated with occupancy and shifts. The elevational distributions of 23 species shifted, and simulations indicated that shifts in the distributions of 18 species were unlikely to be stochastic. The majority of shifts in the western Great Basin were downslope, whereas those in the central Great Basin were upslope. More shifts occurred at the edges of the elevational gradient than along the full gradient. Elevational shifts lacked a consistent climate‐response signal, but those of some species appeared to follow changes in primary productivity. We found regional differences in elevational shifts and climate associations, and our work suggests that these desert bird populations may be relatively resilient to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. A Horizon Scan of Emerging Global Biological Conservation Issues for 2020

Author

Sutherland, William J., Dias, Maria P., Dicks, Lynn V., Doran, Helen, Entwistle, Abigail C., Fleishman, Erica, Gibbons, David W., Hails, Rosie, Hughes, Alice C., Hughes, Jonathan, Kelman, Ruth, Le Roux, Xavier, LeAnstey, Becky, Lickorish, Fiona A., Maggs, Luke, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Wentworth, Jonathan, and Thornton, Ann

Published
2020
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26. Physical, social, and biological attributes for improved understanding and prediction of wildfires: FPA FOD-Attributes dataset.

Author

Pourmohamad, Yavar, Abatzoglou, John T., Belval, Erin J., Fleishman, Erica, Short, Karen, Reeves, Matthew C., Nauslar, Nicholas, Higuera, Philip E., Henderson, Eric, Ball, Sawyer, AghaKouchak, Amir, Prestemon, Jeffrey P., Olszewski, Julia, and Sadegh, Mojtaba

Subjects
WILDFIRE prevention, WILDFIRES, MACHINE learning, NORMALIZED difference vegetation index
Abstract

Wildfires are increasingly impacting social and environmental systems in the United States (US). The ability to mitigate the adverse effects of wildfires increases with understanding of the social, physical, and biological conditions that co-occurred with or caused the wildfire ignitions and contributed to the wildfire impacts. To this end, we developed the FPA FOD-Attributes dataset, which augments the sixth version of the Fire Program Analysis Fire-Occurrence Database (FPA FOD v6) with nearly 270 attributes that coincide with the date and location of each wildfire ignition in the US. FPA FOD v6 contains information on location, jurisdiction, discovery time, cause, and final size of >2.3×106 wildfires in the US between 1992 and 2020. For each wildfire, we added physical (e.g., weather, climate, topography, and infrastructure), biological (e.g., land cover and normalized difference vegetation index), social (e.g., population density and social vulnerability index), and administrative (e.g., national and regional preparedness level and jurisdiction) attributes. This publicly available dataset can be used to answer numerous questions about the covariates associated with human- and lightning-caused wildfires. Furthermore, the FPA FOD-Attributes dataset can support descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive wildfire analytics, including the development of machine learning models. The FPA FOD-Attributes dataset is available at 10.5281/zenodo.8381129 (Pourmohamad et al., 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. A Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation in 2019

Author

Sutherland, William J., Broad, Steven, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Clarke, Stewart J., Collins, Alexandra M., Dicks, Lynn V., Doran, Helen, Esmail, Nafeesa, Fleishman, Erica, Frost, Nicola, Gaston, Kevin J., Gibbons, David W., Hughes, Alice C., Jiang, Zhigang, Kelman, Ruth, LeAnstey, Becky, le Roux, Xavier, Lickorish, Fiona A., Monk, Kathryn A., Mortimer, Diana, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Pretty, Jules, Seymour, Colleen L., Spalding, Mark D., Wentworth, Jonathan, and Ockendon, Nancy

Published
2019
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29. Physical, Social, and Biological Attributes for Improved Understanding and Prediction of Wildfires: FPA FOD-Attributes Dataset

Author

Pourmohamad, Yavar, primary, Abatzoglou, John T., additional, Belval, Erin J., additional, Fleishman, Erica, additional, Short, Karen, additional, Reeves, Matthew C., additional, Nauslar, Nicholas, additional, Higuera, Philip E., additional, Henderson, Eric, additional, Ball, Sawyer, additional, AghaKouchak, Amir, additional, Prestemon, Jeffrey P., additional, Olszewski, Julia, additional, and Sadegh, Mojtaba, additional

Published
2023
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30. Supplementary material to "Physical, Social, and Biological Attributes for Improved Understanding and Prediction of Wildfires: FPA FOD-Attributes Dataset"

Author

Pourmohamad, Yavar, primary, Abatzoglou, John T., additional, Belval, Erin J., additional, Fleishman, Erica, additional, Short, Karen, additional, Reeves, Matthew C., additional, Nauslar, Nicholas, additional, Higuera, Philip E., additional, Henderson, Eric, additional, Ball, Sawyer, additional, AghaKouchak, Amir, additional, Prestemon, Jeffrey P., additional, Olszewski, Julia, additional, and Sadegh, Mojtaba, additional

Published
2023
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31. Top 40 Priorities for Science to Inform US Conservation and Management Policy

Author

Fleishman, Erica, Blockstein, David E., Hall, John A., Mascia, Michael B., Rudd, Murray A., Scott, J. Michael, Sutherland, William J., Bartuska, Ann M., Brown, A. Gordon, Christen, Catherine A., Clement, Joel P., Dellasala, Dominick, Duke, Clifford S., Eaton, Marietta, Fiske, Shirley J., Gosnell, Hannah, Haney, J. Christopher, Hutchins, Michael, Klein, Mary L., Marqusee, Jeffrey, Noon, Barry R., Nordgren, John R., Orbuch, Paul M., Powell, Jimmie, Quarles, Steven P., Saterson, Kathryn A., Savitt, Charles C., Stein, Bruce A., Webster, Michael S., and Vedder, Amy

Published
2011
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32. Predicted transport of pyrethroid insecticides from an urban landscape to surface water

Author

Jorgenson, Brant, Fleishman, Erica, Macneale, Kate H, Schlenk, Daniel, Scholz, Nathaniel L, Spromberg, Julann A, Werner, Inge, Weston, Donald P, Xiao, Qingfu, Young, Thomas M, and Zhang, Minghua

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Chemical Sciences, California, Environmental Monitoring, Insecticides, Nitriles, Pyrethrins, Rivers, Water Movements, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental modeling, Environmental fate, Pesticide runoff, Pyrethroids, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The authors developed a simple screening-level model of exposure of aquatic species to pyrethroid insecticides for the lower American River watershed (California, USA). The model incorporated both empirically derived washoff functions based on existing, small-scale precipitation simulations and empirical data on pyrethroid insecticide use and watershed properties for Sacramento County, California, USA. The authors calibrated the model to in-stream monitoring data and used it to predict daily river pyrethroid concentration from 1995 through 2010. The model predicted a marked increase in pyrethroid toxic units starting in 2000, coincident with an observed watershed-wide increase in pyrethroid use. After 2000, approximately 70% of the predicted total toxic unit exposure in the watershed was associated with the pyrethroids bifenthrin and cyfluthrin. Pyrethroid applications for aboveground structural pest control on the basis of suspension concentrate categorized product formulations accounted for greater than 97% of the predicted total toxic unit exposure. Projected application of mitigation strategies, such as curtailment of structural perimeter band and barrier treatments as recently adopted by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, reduced predicted total toxic unit exposure by 84%. The model also predicted that similar reductions in surface-water concentrations of pyrethroids could be achieved through a switch from suspension concentrate-categorized products to emulsifiable concentrate-categorized products without restrictions on current-use practice. Even with these mitigation actions, the predicted concentration of some pyrethroids would continue to exceed chronic aquatic life criteria.

Published
2013

37. A 2018 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity

Author

Sutherland, William J., Butchart, Stuart H.M., Connor, Ben, Culshaw, Caroline, Dicks, Lynn V., Dinsdale, Jason, Doran, Helen, Entwistle, Abigail C., Fleishman, Erica, Gibbons, David W., Jiang, Zhigang, Keim, Brandon, Roux, Xavier Le, Lickorish, Fiona A., Markillie, Paul, Monk, Kathryn A., Mortimer, Diana, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pretty, Jules, Seymour, Colleen L., Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., and Gleave, Rosalind A.

Published
2018
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