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This article, titled "Relax, It's Just Copyright: Tips and Tricks to Help Librarians Navigate Copyright," emphasizes the importance of librarians understanding and adhering to copyright laws. It explains the four-factor test used to determine fair use and provides tips for documenting fair use analysis. The article also discusses the role of librarians in teaching copyright compliance and provides suggestions for effectively teaching copyright to learners and staff. It highlights the distinction between copyright and plagiarism and offers examples of copyright issues to be aware of. The article recommends a resource called Copyright and Creativity for Ethical Digital Citizens for teaching copyright and concludes by emphasizing the importance of advocating for copyright while promoting creativity and respecting intellectual property rights. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACTExtraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli(ExPEC) acts as a commensal within the mammalian gut but can induce pathology upon dissemination to other host environments such as the urinary tract and bloodstream. ExPEC genomes are likely shaped by evolutionary forces encountered within the gut, where the bacteria spend much of their time, provoking the question of how their extraintestinal virulence traits arose. The principle of coincidental evolution, in which a gene that evolved in one niche happens to be advantageous in another, has been used to argue that ExPEC virulence factors originated in response to selective pressures within the gut ecosystem. As a test of this hypothesis, the fitness of ExPEC mutants lacking canonical virulence factors was assessed within the intact murine gut in the absence of antibiotic treatment. We found that most of the tested factors, including cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1), Usp, colibactin, flagella, and plasmid pUTI89, were dispensable for gut colonization. The deletion of genes encoding the adhesin PapG or the toxin HlyA had transient effects but did not interfere with longer-term persistence. In contrast, a mutant missing the type 1 pilus-associated adhesin FimH displayed somewhat reduced persistence within the gut. However, this phenotype varied dependent on the presence of specific competing strains and was partially attributable to aberrant flagellin expression in the absence of fimH. These data indicate that FimH and other key ExPEC-associated factors are not strictly required for gut colonization, suggesting that the development of extraintestinal virulence traits is not driven solely by selective pressures within the gut.