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We argue that women in the care workforce face a wage penalty because care work is perceived as something that people, especially women, are meant to do out of love (and for free). We focus on care labor, which is aligned with stereotypes about women's natural abilities as caregivers, to show that low wages cannot be explained by counter-stereotypic behavior alone. Instead, low wages in care labor can be explained by a perceived love versus money tradeoff. This tradeoff exists not only because of intrinsic rewards and fears of commodifying care but because of the idea that trading love for money amounts to trading the sacred for the profane. In other words, care workers are underpaid because many people, either implicitly or explicitly, perceive the very act of making money as counter to care, a stereotypically-feminine form of work. This stereotypical association contributes to the gender pay gap more generally because it implies that the work women are suited for is work that should be done for free. We expand on this idea with future directions and practice implications, which include building communal spaces for care workers to facilitate communication and organizing around higher pay and better working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rats eating high fat chow are more sensitive to the behavioral effects of dopaminergic drugs, including methamphetamine and the dopamine D 2 /D 3 receptor agonist quinpirole, than rats eating standard chow. However, limited work has explored possible sex differences regarding the impact of diet on drug sensitivity. It is also unknown whether eating high fat chow enhances sensitivity of rats to other dopamine (e.g., D 1 ) receptor agonists. To explore these possibilities, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats eating standard laboratory chow (17% kcal from fat) or high fat chow (60% kcal from fat) were tested once per week for 6 weeks with dopamine D 1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 (0.01-3.2 mg/kg) or methamphetamine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) using cumulative dosing procedures. Eating high fat chow increased sensitivity of male and female rats to methamphetamine-induced locomotion; however, only female rats eating high fat chow were more sensitive to SKF 82958-induced locomotion. SKF 82958-induced eye blinking was also marginally, although not significantly, enhanced among female rats eating high fat chow, but not males. Further, although dopamine D 2 receptor expression was significantly increased for SKF 82958-treated rats eating high fat chow regardless of sex, no differences were observed in dopamine D 1 receptor expression. Taken together, the present study suggests that although eating high fat chow enhances sensitivity of both sexes to dopaminergic drugs, the mechanism driving this effect might be different for males versus females. These data further demonstrate the importance of studying both sexes simultaneously when investigating factors that influence drug sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although it is known that diet can impact sensitivity to some dopaminergic drugs, sex differences regarding this effect are not well characterized. This report demonstrates that eating a high fat diet enhances sensitivity to methamphetamine, regardless of sex; however, sensitivity to dopamine D 1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 is increased only among females eating high fat chow, but not males. This suggests that the mechanism(s) driving diet-induced changes in drug sensitivity might be different between sexes., (Copyright © 2020 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)