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4. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

van Hylckama Vlieg, Marte A.M., Nasserinejad, Kazem, Visser, Chantal, Bramer, Wichor M., Ashrani, Aneel A., Bosson, Jean-Luc, Crusan, Daniel J., D'Alessio, Andrea, Fluharty, Meg E., Ģībietis, Valdis, Hansson, Per-Olof, Hara, Nobuhiro, Jara-Palomares, Luis, Kraaijpoel, Noémie, Mahé, Isabelle, Marshall, Andrea, Ogino, Yutaka, Otero, Remedios, Versmissen, Jorie, Klok, Frederikus A., Kruip, Marieke J.H.A., van der Rijt, Carin C.D., and Geijteman, Eric C.T.

Published
2023
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10. Who Engaged in Home-Based Arts Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From 4,731 Adults in the United States.

Author

Bone, Jessica K., Wan Mak, Hei, Sonke, Jill K., Fluharty, Meg E., Lee, Jenny B., Kolenic, Anthony J., Radunovich, Heidi, Cohen, Randy, and Fancourt, Daisy

Subjects
HOME environment, ART, WELL-being, CULTURE, SOCIAL support, SOCIAL determinants of health, CROSS-sectional method, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, INCOME, HEALTH behavior, SOCIAL skills, HANDICRAFT, LOGISTIC regression analysis, STAY-at-home orders, COVID-19 pandemic, READING
Abstract

Arts engagement is a health-related behavior that may be influenced by social inequalities. While the COVID-19 pandemic provided new opportunities for some people to engage in the arts, it might have created barriers for others. We aimed to examine whether there was social patterning in home-based arts engagement during the pandemic in the United States, and whether predictors of engagement differed according to the type of arts activity. We included 4,731 adults who participated in the United States COVID-19 Social Study between April and July 2020. Three types of home-based arts engagement were considered: reading for pleasure, arts or crafts activities, and digital arts activities. Using logistic regression models, we tested cross-sectional associations between a broad range of demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related factors as well as adverse events and worries during lockdown and each type of arts engagement. The factors most strongly associated with all three types of arts engagement were social support, social network size, age, race/ethnicity, keyworker status, and experiencing physical or psychological abuse during the pandemic. However, most socioeconomic and health-related factors were not associated with arts engagement, including household income and mental and physical health problems. Overall, our findings indicate that the social gradient in arts engagement was reduced in the first 4 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Given the health benefits of arts engagement, the potential diversification of arts audiences during the pandemic is promising for both population-level health and wellbeing and the future of the arts and cultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

van Hylckama Vlieg, Marte A.M., Nasserinejad, Kazem, Visser, Chantal, Bramer, Wichor M., Ashrani, Aneel A., Bosson, Jean Luc, Crusan, Daniel J., D'Alessio, Andrea, Fluharty, Meg E., Ģībietis, Valdis, Hansson, Per Olof, Hara, Nobuhiro, Jara-Palomares, Luis, Kraaijpoel, Noémie, Mahé, Isabelle, Marshall, Andrea, Ogino, Yutaka, Otero, Remedios, Versmissen, Jorie, Klok, Frederikus A., Kruip, Marieke J.H.A., van der Rijt, Carin C.D., Geijteman, Eric C.T., van Hylckama Vlieg, Marte A.M., Nasserinejad, Kazem, Visser, Chantal, Bramer, Wichor M., Ashrani, Aneel A., Bosson, Jean Luc, Crusan, Daniel J., D'Alessio, Andrea, Fluharty, Meg E., Ģībietis, Valdis, Hansson, Per Olof, Hara, Nobuhiro, Jara-Palomares, Luis, Kraaijpoel, Noémie, Mahé, Isabelle, Marshall, Andrea, Ogino, Yutaka, Otero, Remedios, Versmissen, Jorie, Klok, Frederikus A., Kruip, Marieke J.H.A., van der Rijt, Carin C.D., and Geijteman, Eric C.T.

Abstract

Background: The optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown. Current clinical guidelines advocate anticoagulant therapy for 3–6 months and to continue anticoagulant therapy for as long as the cancer is active. However, an adequate systematic review on the rate of recurrent VTE after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy has not been performed. Methods: For this systemic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase.com, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, from database inception to February 16, 2023, for studies on anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer and the recurrence of venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of this therapy. We included randomised controlled trials and cohort studies published in English that reported on patients who met the following: cancer and a first VTE, completed at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy, were followed after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy, and with symptomatic recurrent VTE as an outcome during follow-up. Study-level data were requested from study authors. The primary outcome was the rate of recurrent VTE after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. A Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the rate of recurrent VTE per 100 person-years for the pooled studies at different time intervals after discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy. We also calculated the cumulative VTE recurrence rate at different time intervals. Forest plots were mapped and the results were summarized by the median and 95% credible interval (CIs). This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021249060. Findings: Of 3856 studies identified in our search, 33 studies were identified for inclusion. After requesting study-level data, 14 studies involving 1922 patients with cancer-associated thrombosis were included. The pooled rate of recurrent VTE p

Published
2023

15. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between arts engagement, loneliness, and social support in adolescence.

Author

Bone, Jessica K., Fancourt, Daisy, Fluharty, Meg E., Paul, Elise, Sonke, Jill K., and Bu, Feifei

Subjects
SOCIAL support, LONELINESS, ARTS associations, ART associations, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Purpose: Although arts engagement holds promise for reducing loneliness and enhancing social support, previous research has focussed on older adults. We investigated whether arts engagement was associated with loneliness and social support during adolescence. Methods: We included 11,780 adolescents aged 11–21 years from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative cohort study. We measured whether adolescents engaged in school-based arts activities (band, book club, chorus, choir, cheerleading, dance, drama club, newspaper, orchestra) at wave one (1994–1995). Loneliness and perceived social support from peers were measured at waves one and two (1996). We used logistic regression to test whether arts engagement was associated with concurrent and subsequent loneliness and social support. Results: Arts engagement was not associated with concurrent or subsequent loneliness. Compared to not engaging, doing one or more school-based arts activities was associated with 59% higher odds of high social support concurrently (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.32–1.91). However, this cross-sectional association was attenuated after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates (adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.95–1.42). In contrast, doing arts activities was associated with 28% higher odds of reporting high social support one year later (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.03–1.59), independent of covariates and previous social support. Conclusions: Extracurricular arts activities are associated with increased odds of reporting good subsequent social support from peers. This may be because they provide opportunities for social engagement, developing friendships, and building a sense of community. Exploring these associations in more detail should be a priority, enabling better understanding of this strategy for enhancing social ties during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Associations between participation in community arts groups and aspects of wellbeing in older adults in the United States: a propensity score matching analysis.

Author

Bone, Jessica K., Fancourt, Daisy, Fluharty, Meg E., Paul, Elise, Sonke, Jill K., and Bu, Feifei

Subjects
SOCIAL groups, WELL-being, SOCIAL participation, ACTIVE aging, CONFIDENCE intervals, MENTAL health, SATISFACTION, RESEARCH funding, QUALITY of life, SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics), PROBABILITY theory
Abstract

Objectives: There is a social gradient in both arts engagement and wellbeing that may have led to an overestimation of the impact of arts engagement on wellbeing. We tested whether participation in community arts groups was associated with wellbeing after removing confounding by demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. Methods: Using propensity score matching, we analyzed data from 12,055 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study. We measured community arts groups participation and concurrent life satisfaction (evaluative wellbeing), positive and negative affect (experienced wellbeing), and purpose in life, constraints on personal control, and mastery (eudaimonic wellbeing). Results: After matching, arts group participation was associated with higher positive affect (average treatment effect on the treated [ATT] = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.12–0.24), life satisfaction (ATT = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.04–0.15), purpose in life (ATT = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.02–0.13), and mastery (ATT = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.14) than not participating. Participation was not associated with negative affect or constraints on personal control. In sensitivity analyses, these associations were maintained four years later. Conclusion: Arts group participation was associated with the positive elements of evaluative, experienced, and eudaimonic wellbeing. Facilitating participation in community arts groups could help to promote healthy aging, enabling a growing segment of the population to lead more fulfilling and satisfying lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Creative leisure activities, mental health and wellbeing during 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a fixed effects analysis of data from 3725 US adults.

Author

Bone, Jessica K., Fancourt, Daisy, Sonke, Jill K., Fluharty, Meg E., Cohen, Randy, Lee, Jenny B., Kolenic, Anthony J., Radunovich, Heidi, and Bu, Feifei

Subjects
LEISURE, WELL-being, MENTAL health, SATISFACTION, CREATIVE ability, REGRESSION analysis, MENTAL depression, REPLICATION (Experimental design), PANEL analysis, ANXIETY, COVID-19 pandemic, ADULTS
Published
2023
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19. sj-docx-1-hpp-10.1177_15248399221119806 – Supplemental material for Who Engaged in Home-Based Arts Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From 4,731 Adults in the United States

Author

Bone, Jessica K., Wan Mak, Hei, Sonke, Jill K., Fluharty, Meg E., Lee, Jenny B., Kolenic, Anthony J., Radunovich, Heidi, Cohen, Randy, and Fancourt, Daisy

Subjects
Sociology, 111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hpp-10.1177_15248399221119806 for Who Engaged in Home-Based Arts Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From 4,731 Adults in the United States by Jessica K. Bone, Hei Wan Mak, Jill K. Sonke, Meg E. Fluharty, Jenny B. Lee, Anthony J. Kolenic, Heidi Radunovich, Randy Cohen and Daisy Fancourt in Health Promotion Practice

Published
2022
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23. Educational differentials in key domains of physical activity by ethnicity, age, and sex: a cross-sectional study of over 40,000 participants in The UK Household Longitudinal Study (2013-2015)

Author

Fluharty, Meg E, Pinto Pereira, Snehal M, Benzeval, Michaela, Hamer, Mark, Jefferis, Barbara, Griffiths, Lucy, Cooper, Rachel, Bann, Davic, Fluharty, Meg E, Pinto Pereira, Snehal M, Benzeval, Michaela, Hamer, Mark, Jefferis, Barbara, Griffiths, Lucy, Cooper, Rachel, and Bann, Davic

Abstract

Objectives To assess whether educational differentials in three key physical activity (PA) domains vary by age, sex and ethnicity. Design National cross-sectional survey. Setting UK. Participants Altogether 40 270 participants, aged 20 years and over, from the UK Household Longitudinal Study with information on education, PA and demographics collected in 2013–2015. Outcome measures Participation in active travel (AT), occupational activity (OA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at the time of assessment. Results Lower educational attainment was associated with higher AT and OA, but lower weekly LTPA activity; these associations were modified by sex, ethnicity and age. Education-related differences in AT were larger for women—the difference in predicted probability of activity between the highest and the lowest education groups was −10% in women (95%CI: −11.9% to 7.9%) and −3% in men (−4.8% to –0.4%). Education-related differences in OA were larger among men −35% (-36.9% to –32.4%) than women −17% (-19.4% to –15.0%). Finally, education-related differences in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA varied by ethnicity; for example, differences were 17% (16.2% to 18.7%) for white individuals compared with 6% (0.6% to 11.6%) for black individuals. Conclusions Educational differences in PA vary by domain and are modified by age, sex and ethnicity. A better understanding of physically inactive subgroups may aid development of interventions to both increase activity levels and reduce health inequalities.

Published
2020

27. Religiosity and Mental Wellbeing Among Members of Majority and Minority Religions: Findings From Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

Author

Aksoy, Ozan, Bann, David, Fluharty, Meg E, and Nandi, Alita

Subjects
WELL-being, ISLAM, CHRISTIANITY, MENTAL health, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, QUESTIONNAIRES, ETHNIC groups, RELIGION, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

It is unclear whether links between religiosity and mental health are found in contexts outside the United States or are causal. We examined differences in mental wellbeing and associations between mental wellbeing and religiosity among the religiously unaffiliated, White and non-White Christians, Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and other ethnicities, and other minority ethnoreligious groups. We used 4 waves of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2013; n  = 50,922). We adjusted for potential confounders (including socioeconomic factors and personality) and for household fixed effects to account for household-level unobserved confounding factors. Compared with those with no religious affiliation, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims and members of other minority religions had worse wellbeing (as measured using the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and General Health Questionnaire). Higher subjective importance of religion was associated with lower wellbeing according to the General Health Questionnaire; associations were not found with the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. More frequent religious service attendance was associated with higher wellbeing; effect sizes were larger for those with religious affiliations. These associations were only partially attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding factors, including household fixed effects. Religious service attendance and/or its secular alternatives may have a role in improving population-wide mental wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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29. Anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety are associated with response to 7.5% carbon dioxide challenge

Author

Fluharty, Meg E, Attwood, Angela S, and Munafò, Marcus R

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Short Report, Anxiety, Carbon Dioxide, Middle Aged, Young Adult, trait anxiety, Administration, Inhalation, placebo, Humans, Female, Single-Blind Method, 7.5% carbon dioxide, Anxiety sensitivity
Abstract

The 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation model is used to provoke acute anxiety, for example to investigate the effects of anxiety on cognitive processes, or the efficacy of novel anxiolytic agents. However, little is known about the relationship of baseline anxiety sensitivity or trait anxiety (i.e., anxiety proneness), with an individual's response to the 7.5% CO2 challenge. We examined data from a number of 7.5% CO2 challenge studies to determine whether anxiety proneness was related to subjective or physiological response. Our findings indicate anxiety proneness is associated with greater subjective and physiological responses. However, anxiety-prone individuals also have a greater subjective response to the placebo (medical air) condition. This suggests that anxiety-prone individuals not only respond more strongly to the 7.5% CO2 challenge, but also to medical air. Implications for the design and conduct of 7.5% CO2 challenge studies are discussed.

Published
2016

31. Socioeconomic inequalities across life and premature mortality from 1971 to 2016: findings from three British birth cohorts born in 1946, 1958 and 1970.

Author

Fluharty, Meg E., Hardy, Rebecca, Ploubidis, George, Pongiglione, Benedetta, and Bann, David

Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals, CAUSES of death, LIFE expectancy, LONGITUDINAL method, MEDICAL records, MORTALITY, SOCIAL classes, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, AT-risk people, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ACQUISITION of data methodology
Published
2021
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33. Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference : evidence for causal relationship from a Mendelian iandomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium

Author

Morris, Richard W., Taylor, Amy E., Fluharty, Meg E., Bjorngaard, Johan H., Asvold, Bjorn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Korhonen, Tellervo, Mannisto, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgard, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M., Kennedy, Martin A., Nohr, Ellen A., Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan G., Whincup, Peter H., Vink, Jacqueline M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Smith, George Davey, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J. Wouter, Power, Chris, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H., Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pal R., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Munafo, Marcus R., Sattar, Naveed, Clinicum, Tellervo Korhonen / Principal Investigator, Department of Public Health, Behavioural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Jaakko Kaprio / Principal Investigator, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Genetic Epidemiology

Subjects
BODY-MASS INDEX, MORTALITY, RISK-FACTORS, WOMEN, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, ADIPOSITY, MEN, CIGARETTE-SMOKING, ASSOCIATION, WEIGHT CONCERNS, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity. Design: Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes. Participants: 148 731 current, former and neversmokers of European ancestry aged >= 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). Primary outcome measures: Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio. Results: The data included up to 66 809 never-smokers, 43 009 former smokers and 38 913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% Cl -0.57% to - 0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% Cl - 0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and - 0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele. Conclusions: For a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.

Published
2015

34. Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference

Author

University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Humanistisen tiedekunnan kanslia, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Morris, Richard W., Taylor, Amy E., Fluharty, Meg E., Bjorngaard, Johan H., Asvold, Bjorn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Korhonen, Tellervo, Mannisto, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgard, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M., Kennedy, Martin A., Nohr, Ellen A., Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan G., Whincup, Peter H., Vink, Jacqueline M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Smith, George Davey, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J. Wouter, Power, Chris, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H., Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pal R., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Munafo, Marcus R., Sattar, Naveed, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Humanistisen tiedekunnan kanslia, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Morris, Richard W., Taylor, Amy E., Fluharty, Meg E., Bjorngaard, Johan H., Asvold, Bjorn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Korhonen, Tellervo, Mannisto, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgard, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M., Kennedy, Martin A., Nohr, Ellen A., Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan G., Whincup, Peter H., Vink, Jacqueline M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Smith, George Davey, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J. Wouter, Power, Chris, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H., Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pal R., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Munafo, Marcus R., and Sattar, Naveed

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity. Design: Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes. Participants: 148 731 current, former and neversmokers of European ancestry aged >= 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). Primary outcome measures: Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio. Results: The data included up to 66 809 never-smokers, 43 009 former smokers and 38 913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% Cl -0.57% to - 0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% Cl - 0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and - 0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele. Conclusions: For a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.

Published
2015

35. Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference:evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium

Author

Morris, Richard W, Taylor, Amy E, Fluharty, Meg E, Bjørngaard, Johan H, Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Elvestad Gabrielsen, Maiken, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Korhonen, Tellervo, Männistö, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgård, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M, Kennedy, Martin A, Nohr, Ellen A, Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan G, Whincup, Peter H, Vink, Jacqueline M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J Wouter, Power, Chris, Hyppönen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H, Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pål R, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Munafò, Marcus R, Sattar, Naveed, Morris, Richard W, Taylor, Amy E, Fluharty, Meg E, Bjørngaard, Johan H, Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Elvestad Gabrielsen, Maiken, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Korhonen, Tellervo, Männistö, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgård, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M, Kennedy, Martin A, Nohr, Ellen A, Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan G, Whincup, Peter H, Vink, Jacqueline M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J Wouter, Power, Chris, Hyppönen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H, Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pål R, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Munafò, Marcus R, and Sattar, Naveed

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity.DESIGN: Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes.PARTICIPANTS: 148,731 current, former and never-smokers of European ancestry aged ≥ 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA).PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio.RESULTS: The data included up to 66,809 never-smokers, 43,009 former smokers and 38,913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% CI -0.57% to -0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% CI -0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and -0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele.CONCLUSIONS: For a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.

Published
2015

36. Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate:A Mendelian Randomisation Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium

Author

Linneberg, Allan, Jacobsen, Rikke K, Skaaby, Tea, Taylor, Amy E, Fluharty, Meg E, Jeppesen, Jørgen L, Bjørngaard, Johan H, Åsvold, Bjørn O, Gabrielsen, Maiken E, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo E, Kumari, Meena, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Wannamethee, S Goya, Lahti, Jari, Räikkönen, Katri, Palotie, Aarno, Wong, Andrew, Dalgård, Christine, Ford, Ian, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Kuh, Diana, Eriksson, Johan G, Whincup, Peter H, Mbarek, Hamdi, de Geus, Eco J C, Vink, Jacqueline M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Lawlor, Debbie A, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Jukema, J Wouter, Power, Chris, Hyppönen, Elina, Preisig, Martin, Waeber, Gerard, Vollenweider, Peter, Korhonen, Tellervo, Laatikainen, Tiina, Salomaa, Veikko, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimäki, Mika, Smith, Blair H, Hayward, Caroline, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Thuesen, Betina H, Sattar, Naveed, Morris, Richard W, Romundstad, Pål R, Munafò, Marcus R, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Linneberg, Allan, Jacobsen, Rikke K, Skaaby, Tea, Taylor, Amy E, Fluharty, Meg E, Jeppesen, Jørgen L, Bjørngaard, Johan H, Åsvold, Bjørn O, Gabrielsen, Maiken E, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo E, Kumari, Meena, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Wannamethee, S Goya, Lahti, Jari, Räikkönen, Katri, Palotie, Aarno, Wong, Andrew, Dalgård, Christine, Ford, Ian, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Kuh, Diana, Eriksson, Johan G, Whincup, Peter H, Mbarek, Hamdi, de Geus, Eco J C, Vink, Jacqueline M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Lawlor, Debbie A, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Jukema, J Wouter, Power, Chris, Hyppönen, Elina, Preisig, Martin, Waeber, Gerard, Vollenweider, Peter, Korhonen, Tellervo, Laatikainen, Tiina, Salomaa, Veikko, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimäki, Mika, Smith, Blair H, Hayward, Caroline, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Thuesen, Betina H, Sattar, Naveed, Morris, Richard W, Romundstad, Pål R, Munafò, Marcus R, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, and Husemoen, Lise Lotte N

Abstract

BACKGROUND: -Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood.METHODS AND RESULTS: -Data on 141,317 participants (62,666 never, 40,669 former, 37,982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomisation (MR) meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), hypertension, and resting heart rate. For the MR analyses, a genetic variant rs16969968/rs1051730 was used as a proxy for smoking heaviness in current smokers. In observational analyses, current as compared with never smoking was associated with lower SBP, DBP, and lower hypertension risk, but with higher resting heart rate. In observational analyses amongst current smokers, one cigarette/day higher level of smoking heaviness was associated with higher (0.21 beats/minute; 95% CI 0.19; 0.24) resting heart rate, and slightly higher DBP (0.05 mmHg; 95% CI 0.02; 0.08) and SBP (0.08 mmHg; 95% CI 0.03; 0.13). However, in MR analyses amongst current smokers, while each smoking increasing allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with higher resting heart rate (0.36 beats/minute/allele; 95% CI 0.18; 0.54), there was no strong association with DBP, SBP, or hypertension. This would suggest a 7 beats/minute higher heart rate in those who smoke 20 cigarettes/day.CONCLUSIONS: -This MR meta-analysis supports a causal association of smoking heaviness with higher level of resting heart rate, but not with blood pressure. These findings suggest that part of the cardiovascular risk of smoking may operate through increasing resting heart rate.

Published
2015

37. Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Author

Linneberg, Allan, primary, Jacobsen, Rikke K., additional, Skaaby, Tea, additional, Taylor, Amy E., additional, Fluharty, Meg E., additional, Jeppesen, Jørgen L., additional, Bjorngaard, Johan H., additional, Åsvold, Bjørn O., additional, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Marioni, Riccardo E., additional, Kumari, Meena, additional, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, additional, Kaakinen, Marika, additional, Cavadino, Alana, additional, Postmus, Iris, additional, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., additional, Wannamethee, S. Goya, additional, Lahti, Jari, additional, Räikkönen, Katri, additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Dalgård, Christine, additional, Ford, Ian, additional, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, additional, Christiansen, Lene, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Kuh, Diana, additional, Eriksson, Johan G., additional, Whincup, Peter H., additional, Mbarek, Hamdi, additional, de Geus, Eco J.C., additional, Vink, Jacqueline M., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Lawlor, Debbie A., additional, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, additional, McConnachie, Alex, additional, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, additional, Jukema, J. Wouter, additional, Power, Chris, additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Preisig, Martin, additional, Waeber, Gerard, additional, Vollenweider, Peter, additional, Korhonen, Tellervo, additional, Laatikainen, Tiina, additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Kivimaki, Mika, additional, Smith, Blair H., additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., additional, Thuesen, Betina H., additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Morris, Richard W., additional, Romundstad, Pål R., additional, Munafò, Marcus R., additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, and Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., additional

Published
2015
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39. Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium: Table 1

Author

Morris, Richard W, primary, Taylor, Amy E, additional, Fluharty, Meg E, additional, Bjørngaard, Johan H, additional, Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, additional, Elvestad Gabrielsen, Maiken, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Marioni, Riccardo, additional, Kumari, Meena, additional, Korhonen, Tellervo, additional, Männistö, Satu, additional, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, additional, Kaakinen, Marika, additional, Cavadino, Alana, additional, Postmus, Iris, additional, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, additional, Skaaby, Tea, additional, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, additional, Treur, Jorien L, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Dale, Caroline, additional, Wannamethee, S Goya, additional, Lahti, Jari, additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Räikkönen, Katri, additional, McConnachie, Alex, additional, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Dalgård, Christine, additional, Paternoster, Lavinia, additional, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, additional, Tyrrell, Jessica, additional, Horwood, John, additional, Fergusson, David M, additional, Kennedy, Martin A, additional, Nohr, Ellen A, additional, Christiansen, Lene, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, additional, Kuh, Diana, additional, Watt, Graham, additional, Eriksson, Johan G, additional, Whincup, Peter H, additional, Vink, Jacqueline M, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Lawlor, Debbie, additional, Linneberg, Allan, additional, Ford, Ian, additional, Jukema, J Wouter, additional, Power, Chris, additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Preisig, Martin, additional, Borodulin, Katja, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Kivimaki, Mika, additional, Smith, Blair H, additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Romundstad, Pål R, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Munafò, Marcus R, additional, and Sattar, Naveed, additional

Published
2015
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40. Stratification by Smoking Status Reveals an Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 Genotype with Body Mass Index in Never Smokers

Author

University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Taylor, Amy E., Morris, Richard W., Fluharty, Meg E., Bjorngaard, Johan H., Asvold, Bjorn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Hallfors, Jenni, Mannisto, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Treur, Jorien L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgard, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M., Kennedy, Martin A., Frayling, Tim, Nohr, Ellen A., Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan, Whincup, Peter H., Vink, Jacqueline M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Smith, George Davey, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J. Wouter, Power, Christine, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H., Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pal R., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Munafo, Marcus R., Sattar, Naveed, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Taylor, Amy E., Morris, Richard W., Fluharty, Meg E., Bjorngaard, Johan H., Asvold, Bjorn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Hallfors, Jenni, Mannisto, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Treur, Jorien L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgard, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M., Kennedy, Martin A., Frayling, Tim, Nohr, Ellen A., Christiansen, Lene, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan, Whincup, Peter H., Vink, Jacqueline M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Smith, George Davey, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J. Wouter, Power, Christine, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H., Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pal R., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Munafo, Marcus R., and Sattar, Naveed

Published
2014

41. Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis:the CARTA consortium

Author

Taylor, Amy E, Fluharty, Meg E, Bjørngaard, Johan H, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, Skorpen, Frank, Marioni, Riccardo E, Campbell, Archie, Engmann, Jorgen, Mirza, Saira Saeed, Loukola, Anu, Laatikainen, Tiina, Partonen, Timo, Kaakinen, Marika, Ducci, Francesca, Cavadino, Alana, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Jacobsen, Rikke Kart, Skaaby, Tea, Ebstrup, Jeanette Frost, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Minica, Camelia C, Vink, Jacqueline M, Willemsen, Gonneke, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Dale, Caroline E, Amuzu, Antoinette, Lennon, Lucy T, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, Wong, Andrew, Paternoster, Lavinia, Wong, Angelita Pui-Yee, Horwood, L John, Murphy, Michael, Johnstone, Elaine C, Kennedy, Martin A, Pausova, Zdenka, Paus, Tomáš, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Nohr, Ellen A, Kuh, Diana, Kivimaki, Mika, Eriksson, Johan G, Morris, Richard W, Casas, Juan P, Preisig, Martin, Boomsma, Dorret I, Linneberg, Allan, Power, Chris, Hyppönen, Elina, Veijola, Juha, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Korhonen, Tellervo, Tiemeier, Henning, Kumari, Meena, Porteous, David J, Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pål R, Smith, George Davey, Munafò, Marcus R, Taylor, Amy E, Fluharty, Meg E, Bjørngaard, Johan H, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, Skorpen, Frank, Marioni, Riccardo E, Campbell, Archie, Engmann, Jorgen, Mirza, Saira Saeed, Loukola, Anu, Laatikainen, Tiina, Partonen, Timo, Kaakinen, Marika, Ducci, Francesca, Cavadino, Alana, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Jacobsen, Rikke Kart, Skaaby, Tea, Ebstrup, Jeanette Frost, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Minica, Camelia C, Vink, Jacqueline M, Willemsen, Gonneke, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Dale, Caroline E, Amuzu, Antoinette, Lennon, Lucy T, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, Wong, Andrew, Paternoster, Lavinia, Wong, Angelita Pui-Yee, Horwood, L John, Murphy, Michael, Johnstone, Elaine C, Kennedy, Martin A, Pausova, Zdenka, Paus, Tomáš, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Nohr, Ellen A, Kuh, Diana, Kivimaki, Mika, Eriksson, Johan G, Morris, Richard W, Casas, Juan P, Preisig, Martin, Boomsma, Dorret I, Linneberg, Allan, Power, Chris, Hyppönen, Elina, Veijola, Juha, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Korhonen, Tellervo, Tiemeier, Henning, Kumari, Meena, Porteous, David J, Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pål R, Smith, George Davey, and Munafò, Marcus R

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach.DESIGN: Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress.PARTICIPANTS: Current, former and never smokers of European ancestry aged ≥16 years from 25 studies in the Consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA).PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Binary definitions of depression, anxiety and psychological distress assessed by clinical interview, symptom scales or self-reported recall of clinician diagnosis.RESULTS: The analytic sample included up to 58 176 never smokers, 37 428 former smokers and 32 028 current smokers (total N=127 632). In observational analyses, current smokers had 1.85 times greater odds of depression (95% CI 1.65 to 2.07), 1.71 times greater odds of anxiety (95% CI 1.54 to 1.90) and 1.69 times greater odds of psychological distress (95% CI 1.56 to 1.83) than never smokers. Former smokers also had greater odds of depression, anxiety and psychological distress than never smokers. There was evidence for positive associations of smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress (ORs per cigarette per day: 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04), 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04) and 1.02 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.03) respectively). In Mendelian randomisation analyses, there was no strong evidence that the minor allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with depression (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.05), anxiety (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) or psychological distress (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06) in current smokers. Results were similar for former smokers.CONCLUSIONS: Findings from Mendelian randomisation analyses do not support a causal role of

Published
2014

42. Stratification by smoking status reveals an association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 genotype with body mass index in never smokers

Author

Taylor, Amy E, Morris, Richard W, Fluharty, Meg E, Bjorngaard, Johan H, Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken E, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Hällfors, Jenni, Männistö, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgård, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M, Kennedy, Martin A, Frayling, Tim, Nohr, Ellen A, Christiansen, Lene, Ohm Kyvik, Kirsten, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan, Whincup, Peter H, Vink, Jacqueline M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J Wouter, Power, Christine, Hyppönen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H, Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pål R, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Munafò, Marcus R, Sattar, Naveed, Taylor, Amy E, Morris, Richard W, Fluharty, Meg E, Bjorngaard, Johan H, Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Gabrielsen, Maiken E, Campbell, Archie, Marioni, Riccardo, Kumari, Meena, Hällfors, Jenni, Männistö, Satu, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Kaakinen, Marika, Cavadino, Alana, Postmus, Iris, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, Skaaby, Tea, Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh, Treur, Jorien L, Willemsen, Gonneke, Dale, Caroline, Wannamethee, S Goya, Lahti, Jari, Palotie, Aarno, Räikkönen, Katri, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, McConnachie, Alex, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Wong, Andrew, Dalgård, Christine, Paternoster, Lavinia, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Tyrrell, Jessica, Horwood, John, Fergusson, David M, Kennedy, Martin A, Frayling, Tim, Nohr, Ellen A, Christiansen, Lene, Ohm Kyvik, Kirsten, Kuh, Diana, Watt, Graham, Eriksson, Johan, Whincup, Peter H, Vink, Jacqueline M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Lawlor, Debbie, Linneberg, Allan, Ford, Ian, Jukema, J Wouter, Power, Christine, Hyppönen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Preisig, Martin, Borodulin, Katja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kivimaki, Mika, Smith, Blair H, Hayward, Caroline, Romundstad, Pål R, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Munafò, Marcus R, and Sattar, Naveed

Abstract

We previously used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster associated with heaviness of smoking within smokers to confirm the causal effect of smoking in reducing body mass index (BMI) in a Mendelian randomisation analysis. While seeking to extend these findings in a larger sample we found that this SNP is associated with 0.74% lower body mass index (BMI) per minor allele in current smokers (95% CI -0.97 to -0.51, P = 2.00 × 10(-10)), but also unexpectedly found that it was associated with 0.35% higher BMI in never smokers (95% CI +0.18 to +0.52, P = 6.38 × 10(-5)). An interaction test confirmed that these estimates differed from each other (P = 4.95 × 10(-13)). This difference in effects suggests the variant influences BMI both via pathways unrelated to smoking, and via the weight-reducing effects of smoking. It would therefore be essentially undetectable in an unstratified genome-wide association study of BMI, given the opposite association with BMI in never and current smokers. This demonstrates that novel associations may be obscured by hidden population sub-structure. Stratification on well-characterized environmental factors known to impact on health outcomes may therefore reveal novel genetic associations.

Published
2014

43. Stratification by Smoking Status Reveals an Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 Genotype with Body Mass Index in Never Smokers

Author

Taylor, Amy E., primary, Morris, Richard W., additional, Fluharty, Meg E., additional, Bjorngaard, Johan H., additional, Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, additional, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Marioni, Riccardo, additional, Kumari, Meena, additional, Hällfors, Jenni, additional, Männistö, Satu, additional, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, additional, Kaakinen, Marika, additional, Cavadino, Alana, additional, Postmus, Iris, additional, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N., additional, Skaaby, Tea, additional, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., additional, Treur, Jorien L., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Dale, Caroline, additional, Wannamethee, S. Goya, additional, Lahti, Jari, additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Räikkönen, Katri, additional, Kisialiou, Aliaksei, additional, McConnachie, Alex, additional, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Dalgård, Christine, additional, Paternoster, Lavinia, additional, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, additional, Tyrrell, Jessica, additional, Horwood, John, additional, Fergusson, David M., additional, Kennedy, Martin A., additional, Frayling, Tim, additional, Nohr, Ellen A., additional, Christiansen, Lene, additional, Ohm Kyvik, Kirsten, additional, Kuh, Diana, additional, Watt, Graham, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Whincup, Peter H., additional, Vink, Jacqueline M., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Lawlor, Debbie, additional, Linneberg, Allan, additional, Ford, Ian, additional, Jukema, J. Wouter, additional, Power, Christine, additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Preisig, Martin, additional, Borodulin, Katja, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Kivimaki, Mika, additional, Smith, Blair H., additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Romundstad, Pål R., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Munafò, Marcus R., additional, and Sattar, Naveed, additional

Published
2014
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44. Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium

Author

Taylor, Amy E, primary, Fluharty, Meg E, additional, Bjørngaard, Johan H, additional, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, additional, Skorpen, Frank, additional, Marioni, Riccardo E, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Engmann, Jorgen, additional, Mirza, Saira Saeed, additional, Loukola, Anu, additional, Laatikainen, Tiina, additional, Partonen, Timo, additional, Kaakinen, Marika, additional, Ducci, Francesca, additional, Cavadino, Alana, additional, Husemoen, Lise Lotte N, additional, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh, additional, Jacobsen, Rikke Kart, additional, Skaaby, Tea, additional, Ebstrup, Jeanette Frost, additional, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, additional, Minica, Camelia C, additional, Vink, Jacqueline M, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, additional, Dale, Caroline E, additional, Amuzu, Antoinette, additional, Lennon, Lucy T, additional, Lahti, Jari, additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Räikkönen, Katri, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Paternoster, Lavinia, additional, Wong, Angelita Pui-Yee, additional, Horwood, L John, additional, Murphy, Michael, additional, Johnstone, Elaine C, additional, Kennedy, Martin A, additional, Pausova, Zdenka, additional, Paus, Tomáš, additional, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, additional, Nohr, Ellen A, additional, Kuh, Diana, additional, Kivimaki, Mika, additional, Eriksson, Johan G, additional, Morris, Richard W, additional, Casas, Juan P, additional, Preisig, Martin, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Linneberg, Allan, additional, Power, Chris, additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Korhonen, Tellervo, additional, Tiemeier, Henning, additional, Kumari, Meena, additional, Porteous, David J, additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Romundstad, Pål R, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, and Munafò, Marcus R, additional

Published
2014
Full Text
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