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Objectives: To determine toothbrushing frequency and the use of fluoride toothpaste in children aged 0 to 3 years in the ""Octavio Cordero"" parish. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, and crosssectional study was conducted. Data was collected through a survey; a sample of 91 randomly selected children aged between 0 and 3 years was used. The SPSS software version 27 was employed to analyze the data, and the results were presented in frequencies and percentages. In addition, the relationship between variables was assessed using the Chi-square test with a significance of 0.05. Results: Forty-two point nine percent (42.9%) of the children brushed their teeth twice a day, and 33.0% used toothpastes containing 1000-1100 ppm fluoride. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of brushing and the age of the child (p<0.001); there is a significant relationship between the amount of fluoride used in toothpaste and the age of the infant (p<0.001); there was no relationship between the amount of paste applied to the toothbrush and the level of education of the parents (p=0.288). Conclusions: A higher frequency of toothbrushing was observed as age and the concentration of fluoride used in the toothpaste increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de cepillado y uso de pasta dental con flúor en niños de 4 a 6 años de edad, de la parroquia Ricaurte del cantón Cuenca. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de temporalidad actual, su universo fue de 1216 niños de 4 a 6 años de edad de la parroquia Ricaurte del cantón Cuenca. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó al cuantificar con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error del 5%, dando, una muestra de 233 niños, se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta para la toma de datos y estos se traspasaron a un software estadístico. Resultados: El 49.8% de los niños realizan el cepillado dental dos veces al día, el 42.9% utilizó una concentración de pasta dental de 1000 a 1100 ppm, el 67.8% aplicó la cantidad de pasta dental equivalente a un grano de alverja, el 61.8% de los padres tiene escolaridad secundaria y el 46.8% poseen un nivel de ingreso de $400 mensuales. Conclusión: La mayoría de los niños de 4 a 6 años de edad cepillan sus dientes dos veces al día, utilizando porcentajes de flúor de 1000 a 1100 ppm lo que corresponde a las concentraciones recomendadas por la asociación dental de odontología pediátrica.

Die ringöffnende Si‐Fluorierung einer Vielzahl von Azasilolderivaten Cyclo‐1‐(iPr2Si)−4‐X−C6H3−2‐CH2NR (4: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=H; 4 a: R=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2, X=H; 9: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=tBuMe2SiO; 10: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=OH; 13: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=HCCCH2O; 22: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=tBuMe2SiCH2O) mit verschiedenen 19F‐Fluoridquellen untersucht, optimiert und die gewonnenen Erfahrungen in einem translationalen Ansatz genutzt, um ein einfaches 18F‐Markierungsprotokoll für die Azasilolderivate [18F]6 und [18F]14 zu erstellen. Letzteres stellt eine potenziell klickbare CycloSiFA‐prothetische Gruppe dar, die bei der Entwicklung von PET‐Tracern unter Verwendung der Cu‐katalysierten Triazolbildung eingesetzt werden könnte. Auf der Grundlage unserer Ergebnisse hat CycloSiFA das Potenzial, ein neuer Einstieg in nicht‐kanonische Markierungsmethoden für die Entwicklung radioaktiver PET‐Tracer zu werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria is the property of LUA Ediciones 3.0 S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of aquifers of the Lece andesite complex (LAC) and its surroundings yielded a new procedural stepwise analysis that allowed the assessment of the origin of elements, particularly in areas affected by both anthropogenic and natural influences. The methodology uses the mineralogical composition of the rocks, including the elements available in rocks and groundwater. This study analyzes the element ratios B/Cl−, Na+/Ca2+, Ca2+/Mg2+, HCO3−/Cl−, and Na+/Na+ + Cl−; the correlations are coupled with a statistical analysis. In addition to reevaluating the already published water content, we provide an important new dataset. The results show that the main source of the water contamination with the elements B, F, U, As, Cu, Fe, Zn, Co, and Ni is the processes occurring at the contact between the groundwaters and non-altered/altered (propylitized) andesite rocks. This is also observed in the waters extracted from crystalline schists. The results may help develop an efficient use and assessment of the qualitative water potential of the LAC reservoirs. Similarly, the results highlight the applicability of the groundwaters, facilitating their regional research and use, further encouraging new initiatives for the preservation and protection of human and animal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the enamel defects that has been challenging pediatric dentists is Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), an alteration of systemic origin characterized by decreased mineralization of one to four first permanent molars and which is often associated with permanent incisors. The purpose of this work is to report a clinical case of a child diagnosed with MIH, who presented alterations in the color and structure of the dental enamel, approaching the clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and clinical treatment. On clinical examination, demarcated opacities were observed in the dental enamel, ranging in color from white to brownish-brown tones, on the buccal and/or occlusal surfaces of some teeth and a small loss of tooth structure on the occlusal surface of one of the permanent molars. Given this clinical observation, the patient was diagnosed with molarincisor hypomineralization. The proposed treatment was weekly application of fluoride varnish and direct restoration on the cavitated tooth. Fluoride varnish effectively assists in the remineralization of the tooth surface and prevents the development and progression of caries lesions, in addition to decreasing sensitivity. Through this, it was concluded that the establishment of a correct diagnosis and adequate treatment plan was fundamental for the follow up of the dental elements in this case, avoiding the worsening of the clinical picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El flúor en agua potable ha demostrado ser efectivo contra las caries, sin embargo, una alta exposición a fluoruros es una de las principales causas de fluorosis dental en niños. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración de flúor en agua de consumo para conocer si constituye un factor de riesgo para la fluorosis dental en niños del sector rural de Cuenca-Ecuador. Metodos: El muestreo se realizó en nueve parroquias rurales del cantón, en tres puntos de red: (1) tanques de captación, (2) tanques de almacenamiento del sistema de potabilización, y (3) el sistema de distribución en escuelas, considerando el periodo estacional de verano (época sequía) o invierno (época lluviosa). Las determinaciones de flúor se realizaron con la técnica del ion selectivo. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todas las muestras estuvieron debajo de la concentración de 1.5 mg/L (límite OMS), en los rangos: 0,0–0,0565 mg/L en los tanques de captación; 0,0–0,0440 mg/L en los tanques de almacenamiento; y 0,0–0,0525 mg/L en los sistemas de distribución de las instituciones educativas. La prueba ANOVA indicó que las variables parroquias y estación influyen en la concentración de fluoruros (valor p

This paper describes a practical method for obtaining the spectra of lights emitted by a fluor in a liquid scintillator (LS) using a digital camera. The emission wavelength results obtained using a digital image were compared with those obtained using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. For general users, conventional spectrophotometers are expensive and difficult to access. Moreover, their experimental measurement setup and processes are highly complicated, and they require considerable care in handling. To overcome these limitations, a feasibility study was performed to obtain the emission spectrum through image analysis. Specifically, the emission spectrum of a fluor dissolved in a liquid scintillator was obtained using digital image analysis. An image processing method was employed to convert the light irradiated during camera exposure into wavelengths. Hue (H) and wavelength (W) are closely related. Thus, we obtained an H-W response curve in the 400~450 nm wavelength region, using a light-emitting diode. Another relevant advantage of the method described in this study is its non-invasiveness in sealed LS samples. Our results showed that this method has the potential to accurately investigate the emission wavelengths of fluor within acceptable uncertainties. We envision the use of this method to perform experiments in chemistry and physics laboratories in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eine Reihe redox‐responsiver, Ferrocenyl‐substituierter Borane und Boronsäureester wurde dargestellt. Oxidation der Ferrocenyl‐Einheit zum entsprechenden Ferrocenium führte zu einer drastischen Erhöhung der Lewis‐Acidität, wobei sogar die des SbF5 übertroffen wird. Dies wurde sowohl experimentell als auch durch quantenchemische Rechnungen untersucht. Die resultierenden, stark Lewis‐aciden Borverbindungen wurden für katalytische C‐F‐ und S‐F‐Aktivierung verwendet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der vorliegende Aufsatz diskutiert die jüngsten Entwicklungen in der Forschung zu Grenzflächenphänomenen fluorierter Amphiphile und konzentriert sich auf Anwendungen, die die einzigartigen und vielfältigen Grenzflächeneigenschaften dieser Amphiphile ausnutzen. Vor allem bilden fluorierte Amphiphile stabile Aggregate mit oft deutlich anderer Morphologie als ihre nicht fluorierten Analoga. Folglich finden fluorierte Tenside vielfältigen Einsatz in Hochleistungsanwendungen wie dem Mikrofluidik‐unterstützten Screening. Darüber hinaus wird ihr fluorspezifisches Verhalten an der Fest/Flüssig‐Grenzfläche thematisiert, wie zum Beispiel die Bildung superhydrophober Beschichtungen nach der Abscheidung auf Oberflächen. Da fluorierte Tenside und perfluorierte Materialien im Allgemeinen potenzielle Umweltbedrohungen darstellen, werden auch die jüngsten Entwicklungen der Schadstoffsanierung durch ihre Adsorption an fluorierte Oberflächen bewertet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrinos are difficult to detect because they weakly interact with matter, making their properties least known. The response of the neutrino detector depends on the optical properties of the liquid scintillator (LS). Monitoring any characteristic changes in the LS helps to understand the temporal variation of detector response. In this study, a detector filled with LS was used to study the characteristics of the neutrinos detector. We investigated a method to distinguish the concentrations of PPO and bis-MSB, which are fluors added to LS, through a photomultiplier tube (PMT) acting as an optical sensor. Conventionally, it is very challenging to discriminate the flour concentration dissolved in LS. We employed the information of pulse shape and PMT coupled with the short-pass filter. To date, no literature report on a measurement using such an experimental setup has been published. As the concentration of PPO was increased, changes in the pulse shape were observed. In addition, as the concentration of bis-MSB was increased, a decrease in the light yield was observed in the PMT equipped with the short-pass filter. This result suggests the feasibility of real-time monitoring of LS properties, which are correlated with the fluor concentration, using a PMT without extracting the LS samples from the detector during the data acquisition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redoxaktive N‐(Fluormethoxy)benzotriazole wurden aus Fluoressigsäure und Hydroxybenzotriazolen durch elektrocarboxylative Kopplung zugänglich gemacht. Nach Alkylierung werden diese zu wirksamen Monofluormethoxylierungsreagenzien, welche die photokatalytische C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Aromaten ermöglichen. Dadurch kann durch Bestrahlung von 1‐(OCH2F)‐3‐Me‐6‐(CF3)benzotriazoliumtriflat mit blauem LED‐Licht in Gegenwart von [Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2] die Synthese von vielfältig funktionalisierten Arylmonofluormethylethern begünstigt werden. Diese Methode ermöglicht die späte Funktionalisierung biologisch relevanter Strukturen, ohne auf ökologisch problematische Halofluorkohlenwasserstoffe angewiesen zu sein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Odontología Vital is the property of Universidad Latina de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of aquifers of the Lece andesite complex (LAC) and its surroundings yielded a new procedural stepwise analysis that allowed the assessment of the origin of elements, particularly in areas affected by both anthropogenic and natural influences. The methodology uses the mineralogical composition of the rocks, including the elements available in rocks and groundwater. This study analyzes the element ratios B/Cl−, Na+/Ca2+, Ca2+/Mg2+, HCO3−/Cl−, and Na+/Na+ + Cl−; the correlations are coupled with a statistical analysis. In addition to reevaluating the already published water content, we provide an important new dataset. The results show that the main source of the water contamination with the elements B, F, U, As, Cu, Fe, Zn, Co, and Ni is the processes occurring at the contact between the groundwaters and non-altered/altered (propylitized) andesite rocks. This is also observed in the waters extracted from crystalline schists. The results may help develop an efficient use and assessment of the qualitative water potential of the LAC reservoirs. Similarly, the results highlight the applicability of the groundwaters, facilitating their regional research and use, further encouraging new initiatives for the preservation and protection of human and animal health.

Resumo Introdução A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento tem sido apontada em estudos nacionais e internacionais como a mais eficiente e equânime forma de acesso a fluoretos na prevenção da cárie dentária. Objetivo Relatar os resultados do heterocontrole nas águas de abastecimento público do município de Colombo/PR, no período de dezembro de 2013 a novembro de 2014. Método Foram coletadas amostras mensais em 15 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, em dias da semana aleatórios, no período de 12/2013 a 11/2014. As amostras foram analisadas pelo método eletrométrico na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Resultados Foram analisadas 180 amostras, que variaram de

The aim of this study is to evaluate salivary remineralisation versus chemical remineralisation/infiltration of enamel, using different dentistry materials. The enamel changes were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the depth of lesions and demineralisation/remineralisation/infiltration percentage were calculated. Additionally, the macro elemental composition of the teeth was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Two studies were performed: (i) demineralisation of enamel in 3% citric acid and infiltration treatment with infiltration resin (Icon, DMG), remineralisation with Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) and artificial saliva pH 8; and (ii) enamel demineralisation in saliva at pH 3 and remineralisation at salivary pH 8. The results showed that, firstly, for the remineralisation of demineralised enamel samples, Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) was very effective for medium demineralised lesions followed by saliva remineralisation. In cases of deep demineralisation lesions where fluoride could not penetrate, low viscosity resin (Icon, DMG, Hamburg) effectively infiltrated to stop the demineralisation process. Secondly, remineralisation in salivary conditions needed supplementary study over a longer period, to analyse the habits, diet and nutrition of patients in detail. Finally, demineralisation/remineralisation processes were found to influence the macro elemental composition of enamel demineralisation, with natural saliva proving to be less aggressive in terms of decreasing Ca and Mg content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorine is a chemical element, it plays a very important role in the oral cavity, bone formation in the first years of life, and it is a fundamental part in the appearance of enamel crystals. It works in the demineralization and remineralization processes that occur in the oral cavity, these are found in different types of food that are consumed every day, their main source of consumption is drinking water, fluorinated supplements, formula milk, toothpaste, Oral gum should be consumed with measure in its application for a good dental brushing since excess fluoride can cause a pathology called dental fluorosis, which is why the supervision of adults is recommended at the time of oral hygiene in children. The objective of this literature review is to sensitize parents and health professionals about application protocols and their appropriate use of fluorine compounds, helping to prevent caries and dental fluorosis in early childhood, in order to achieve an optimal oral health based on said article. There are 4 types of fluorine among them: Acidulated Fluorine, Neutral Fluorine, Varnish Fluorine, Tinned Fluorine, each of which has its special application protocol and its indications according to its manufacturer. Its application of protocols for each dental fluoride is to obtain a good follow-up at the time of application in the oral cavity and to prevent dental caries, sensitivity, periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fluoridation of water supply has been pointed out in national and international studies as the most efficient and equal way of accessing fluorides in the prevention of dental caries. Objective: To report the results of heterocontrol in public water supply in the municipality of Colombo/PR, from December 2013 to November 2014. Method: The samples were monthly collected in 15 Basic Health Units, on random days of the week, from 12/2013 to 11/2014. The samples were analyzed by the electrometric method at the Faculty of Dentistry of Fluminense Federal University. Results: 180 samples were analyzed, ranging from <0.001 to 1.480 mg/L (mean 0.715 ± 0.232 mg/L). According to the criteria established by the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health in Oral Health Surveillance, 51.11% of the samples had adequate fluoride levels, 13.34% above ideal fluoride levels, and 35.56% below ideal levels. Conclusion: Heterocontrol could represent one of the main strategies of oral health surveillance, and, therefore, it should be implemented and carried out in all regions that use fluoridated water, in order to guarantee the maintenance of optimal fluoride levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The stability of 2D all nitrogen clusters containing from 6 to 96 nitrogen atoms, terminated with CF3 groups, has been explored using two computational models: dispersion corrected B3LYP functional and scaled opposite spin Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (SOS-MP2). Single point domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled-cluster theory calculations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) was used for further energy refinement. All systems were found to be minima, and their stability increases with CF3/N ratio. Larger clusters and anion radicals were not dynamically stable, while some of the cation radicals were found to be minima on potential energy surface. The mechanism of cluster stabilization by CF3 groups is related with interaction of orbitals holding lone electron pairs and antibonding sigma orbitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wir berichten über die einfache Herstellung eines neuen und lagerfähigen Magnesiumamids (iPr2N)2Mg (Magnesium‐bis‐diisopropylamid; MBDA), das sich als besonders geeignet für die nicht‐kryogene Magnesiierung von fluorsubstituierten Arenen und Heteroarenen erwiesen hat, um Arylmagnesiumamide (ArMgDA) oder Bis‐Heteroarylmagnesien (HetAr)2Mg in Kohlenwasserstoffen zu erhalten. Weitere Reaktionen mit Elektrophilen (Aldehyde, Ketone, Allylbromide, Arylhalogenide (Negishi‐Kreuzkupplung)) lieferten eine Reihe von polyfunktionellen fluorsubstituierten ungesättigten Bausteinen. Es wurden verschiedene Postfunktionalisierungen sowie NMR‐Untersuchungen beschrieben, die die dimere Struktur der Base bestätigten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la liberación de flavonoides y flúor en probetas de ionómero vítreo convencional tipo II modificado con extracto de propóleo. Métodos. Fueron utilizadas 60 unidades de análisis. El extracto etanólico de propóleo al 2% fue incorporado a un ionómero vítreo tipo II. Para la determinación de la liberación de flavonoides el laboratorio analizó la concentración de quercetina por ml de solución, sea agua destilada o solución fisiológica durante un periodo de 5 días. Resultados. Hubo liberación inicial de 0,40 mg/ml de flúor en solución fisiológica y de 0,35 mg/ml de flúor en agua destilada, y una liberación final de 0 mg/ml de flavonoides y de flúor en solución fisiológica y de 0,18 mg/ml de flúor en solución de agua destilada. Conclusiones. La liberación de flúor y flavonoides se produce en mayor concentración en las primeras horas, decreciendo a medida que pasan las horas.

This paper describes a practical method for obtaining the spectra of lights emitted by a fluor in a liquid scintillator (LS) using a digital camera. The emission wavelength results obtained using a digital image were compared with those obtained using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. For general users, conventional spectrophotometers are expensive and difficult to access. Moreover, their experimental measurement setup and processes are highly complicated, and they require considerable care in handling. To overcome these limitations, a feasibility study was performed to obtain the emission spectrum through image analysis. Specifically, the emission spectrum of a fluor dissolved in a liquid scintillator was obtained using digital image analysis. An image processing method was employed to convert the light irradiated during camera exposure into wavelengths. Hue (H) and wavelength (W) are closely related. Thus, we obtained an H-W response curve in the 400~450 nm wavelength region, using a light-emitting diode. Another relevant advantage of the method described in this study is its non-invasiveness in sealed LS samples. Our results showed that this method has the potential to accurately investigate the emission wavelengths of fluor within acceptable uncertainties. We envision the use of this method to perform experiments in chemistry and physics laboratories in the future.

Neutrinos are difficult to detect because they weakly interact with matter, making their properties least known. The response of the neutrino detector depends on the optical properties of the liquid scintillator (LS). Monitoring any characteristic changes in the LS helps to understand the temporal variation of detector response. In this study, a detector filled with LS was used to study the characteristics of the neutrinos detector. We investigated a method to distinguish the concentrations of PPO and bis-MSB, which are fluors added to LS, through a photomultiplier tube (PMT) acting as an optical sensor. Conventionally, it is very challenging to discriminate the flour concentration dissolved in LS. We employed the information of pulse shape and PMT coupled with the short-pass filter. To date, no literature report on a measurement using such an experimental setup has been published. As the concentration of PPO was increased, changes in the pulse shape were observed. In addition, as the concentration of bis-MSB was increased, a decrease in the light yield was observed in the PMT equipped with the short-pass filter. This result suggests the feasibility of real-time monitoring of LS properties, which are correlated with the fluor concentration, using a PMT without extracting the LS samples from the detector during the data acquisition process.

Verbindungen von Hauptgruppenelementen in niedrigen Oxidationsstufen sind in der Lage, die Reaktivität von Übergangsmetallkomplexen nachzuahmen. Wie Letztere neigen niedervalente Hauptgruppenelementverbindungen zur Änderung ihrer Oxidationsstufe und Koordinationszahl um +2, wodurch sie die wesentlichen Voraussetzungen für oxidative Additionen erfüllen. Prominente Beispiele für Hauptgruppenelementverbindungen, die mit Organohalogeniden R−X (R=Alkyl, Aryl, X=F, Cl, Br, I) oxidative Additionen eingehen, sind Carbene und ihre höheren Analoga. Kürzlich wurde auch über Aluminyl‐Anionen berichtet, die wie Carbene und Silylene starke σ‐Bindungen von R−X‐Spezies oxidativ addieren können. Hier stellen wir nun mit dem Tris(pentafluorethyl)silanid‐Anion, [Si(C2F5)3]−, das erste Anion aus der 14. Gruppe vor, welches C−F‐Bindungen im Sinne einer oxidativen Addition zu spalten vermag. Dies ermöglichte die Isolierung von nicht‐chelatierten Tetraorganofluorosilicat‐Salzen, die unseres Wissens bisher nur als reaktive Zwischenstufen nachgewiesen wurden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Die Photolyse von Diazoalkanen zur Durchführung von Singulett‐Carbentransferreaktionen gefärbter Diazoalkane hat in letzter Zeit großes Interesse in der organischen Synthese geweckt. Hier beschreiben wir einen photokatalytischen Ansatz, der den Zugang zu Triplettcarbenen über Energietransfer ermöglicht, um hocheffiziente gem‐Difluorolefinierungsreaktionen mit α‐Trifluormethylstyrolen durchzuführen. Die Verwendung eines tertiären Amins erwies sich als entscheidend, um diesen ungewöhnlichen Reaktionsweg zu erschließen und unerwünschte Cyclopropanierungsreaktionen zu verhindern. Das Amin erleichtert zudem die finale Abstraktion von Fluorid zum gem‐Difluorolefinen (43 Beispiele, bis zu 88 % Ausbeute), was durch experimentelle und theoretische mechanistische Studien gestützt wird. Wir haben diese Synthesemethode mit einem breiten Substratspektrum untersucht, das von einfachen Olefinen und heterocyclischen Olefinen bis hin zur Funktionalisierung pharmazeutisch relevanter Bausteine reicht. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preventive effect of fluoride toothpastes in reducing the prevalence of caries worldwide is a scientific fact. However, the anti-caries efficacy would be variable depending on the proposed formulation since some components may reduce the expected preventive efficacy. Thus, prescribing should take into account the actual efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans le domaine bucco-dentaire, le conseil officinal est complémentaire du travail du chirurgien-dentiste. En raison de sa proximité et de son accessibilité, l'équipe officinale est impliquée dans la prévention et l'éducation. De bonnes connaissances anatomiques et physiopathologiques de la bouche sont nécessaires pour prodiguer un conseil de qualité et proposer des produits adaptés en fonction de la typologie de ses clients. In the oral health field, the pharmacist's advice is complementary to the work of the dental surgeon. Because of its proximity and accessibility, the pharmacy team is involved in prevention and education. Good knowledge of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the mouth is necessary to provide quality advice and to offer products adapted to the type of client. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pour lutter contre l'apparition des pathologies bucco-dentaires ou diminuer leur incidence et leur gravité, la prévention est indispensable. L'équipe officinale joue un rôle majeur en relayant des recommandations adaptées. To fight against the appearance of oral pathologies or reduce their incidence and severity, prevention is essential. The pharmacy team plays a major role in relaying appropriate recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archives of Dental Science / Arquivos em Odontologia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As lesões de mancha branca são a primeira expressão clínica da desmineralização que ocorre na superfície do esmalte do dente. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetiva relatar um caso clínico sobre tratamento de lesões de mancha branca ativas em paciente de 19 anos, tratada ortodonticamente por 2 anos. Após remoção do aparelho, verificou-se presença de manchas brancas ativas nos elementos dentários permanentes (n=10), as quais foram avaliadas clinicamente em relação à atividade (textura e luminosidade) e a dimensão (maior diâmetro cérvico-incisal e mésio-distal) e os dados anotados no prontuário da paciente. Os dados foram analisados num enfoque quantitativo e qualitativo, sendo confrontados com a literatura pertinente ao tema. Após orientação de higiene e dieta, 8 sessões de fluorterapia com o verniz fluoretado Duoflorid XII® da FGM (6% de fluoreto de cálcio e 6% de fluoreto de sódio) com profilaxia prévia usando pasta profilática SHINE® da Maquira (2000 ppm de F), foram observados os elementos: redução das médias de diâmetros cervico-oclusal e médio-distal finais em 08 elementos e manutenção das médias em 02. Além disso, 02 manchas brancas permaneceram ativas, as demais inativas. Conclui-se que houve remineralização das manchas brancas com redução do diâmetro e/ou atividade, após 8 sessões de terapia com verniz fluoretado e orientação quanto a higiene e dieta da paciente.

Objetivo: O flúor acidulado é utilizado no controle da doença cárie, mas seus efeitos na superfície de resinas compostas são controversos. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta após a aplicação tópica de flúor in vitro. Métodos: Espécimes de resina Vittra (FGM) foram preparados (8mmx1mm) e polidos. Após avaliação do pH de produtos fluoretados, o de maior e menor pH foram selecionados para os experimentos. Foram testados três grupos experimentais (n=15): grupo 1 – flúor gel acidulado a 1,23% (Nova DFL) (menor pH:4,48±0,32), grupo 2 – flúor gel neutro a 2% (Nova DFL) (maior pH:7,03±0,40), grupo 3 – sem exposição ao flúor (controle negativo). O experimento simulou o protocolo padrão clínico de aplicação de flúor (uma aplicação por semana, durante um minuto, por quatro semanas). A rugosidade superficial foi mensurada antes e após o tratamento através de microscopia confocal e a característica superficial avaliada por imagens reconstruídas. Foi realizado teste ANOVA (post-hoc de Bonferroni) para comparar médias da rugosidade superficial entre grupos. Resultados: O grupo exposto ao flúor gel acidulado apresentou os maiores valores de rugosidade (Ra: 0,29±0,08), sendo maior que o grupo exposto ao gel neutro (Ra: 0,21±0,08) e controle (Ra: 0,23±0,05) (p

Introduction: dental fluorosis is the hypomineralization of enamel produced as a result of fluoride intake for a prolonged period during enamel formation. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with dental fluorosis in children and teenagers from the city of Montería, Colombia. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in a sample of 136 dental fluorosis cases in schoolchildren aged 6, 12, 15 and 18 years reported to the Surveillance and Control System from January to December 2016. Results: there was fluoride exposure in 81.6% of schoolchildren covered by the subsidized health system—the mechanism by which the poorest population, with not enough resources to pay, can access health services through a subsidy offered by the state in Colombia—. 89% were from the municipal center, defined by Colombia’s National Administrative Department of Statistics (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE) as the geographical area bounded by an urban perimeter, where the administrative headquarters of a municipality are located. 47% of patients had cavities. Tooth brushing in a frequency higher than three times a day was predominant with 48.5%, and the use of toothpaste on more than 3/4 of the brush with 52%. 71.3% of patients said they did not swallow toothpaste, and 93.4% did not swallow mouthwash. 82.4% of patients did not receive topical fluoride in the last year. Conclusions: several factors are more highly associated with dental fluorosis, such as the amount of toothpaste during brushing, the habit of brushing three or more times a day, consumption of diet salt, and unintentional intakeof toothpaste at an early age. Most schoolchildren had a moderate degree of dental fluorosis.