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Research has been conducted on fluorinated and nonfluorinated alcohols. The interactions of these alcohols with trans-stilbene have been investigated in the presence of electrophilic reagents and the results indicate that these interactions produce alpha-keto ethers which are dependent on the alcohols' fluorination degree and the reaction time.

Research has been conducted on the gram-positive Bacillus sp. The isolation from the soil samples and identification of the genus Bacillus member which fluoresces yellow under the long-wave UV light have been carried out and the results demonstrate that this fluorescent compound is a pentacyclic chlorinated pyrene.

Research has been conducted on the chiral nonracemic and racemic alpha-unsubstituted and alpha-substituted beta-fluoroalkyl beta amino acid derivatives. The synthesis of these acid derivatives has been carried our via fluorinated imidoyl chlorides and ester enolates and the results indicate that the process takes place with good diastereoselectivity.

Research has been conducted on the electrophile equivalents Cl (super)+, Br (super)+, SCN (super)+ and NO (sub)2 (super)+. The generation of these electrophiles and their application in electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of different substrates are discussed.

Research has been conducted on the imidazoles' fluorinated analogues. The protocol for the beta-aryl-beta-fluoro-acrylic acid preparation has been developed and its use for the syntheses of (E)- and (Z)-beta-fluorourocanic acids is described.

Research has been conducted on the phosphonate alpha-(pyrimidin- or pyrimidin-2-yl sulfones). The synthesis of these compounds, their alpha-fluorination with Selectfluor and the desulfonylation with tributylstannane are described.

Research has been conducted on the fluorinated compounds with the biological activity. The preparation of these compounds carried out via the corresponding ester deracemization or fluorohydrin acylation in organic solvents is described.

Research has been conducted on the protein modification by gamma-diketone 3-methyl-2,5-hexanedione and its analogue 3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-hexanedione. The details of the protein and amine reaction with gamma-diketones are reported and the cross-linking reaction mechanism is proposed.

Research has been conducted on S-tert-butyl-beta-(trifluoromethyl)isocysteine diastereoisomers. The synthesis of these diastereoisomers has been performed via the reactions of trifluoroacetimidoyl chloride with the tert-butyl alpha-tert-butylthioacetate's lithium enolate and the details are reported.

Research has been conducted on the cyclometalated compounds. The sulfide substitution reactions by phosphines on the Pt(IV) complexes which possess cyclometalated imine ligands, methyl groups and halogen and sulfide as ligands have been investigated and the results are reported.

Research has been conducted on p-substituted diphenylmethylidene fluorene dications. The antiaromaticity of these dications has been examined via the application of the aromaticity/antiaromaticity criteria and the results are discussed.

Research has been conducted on the fluorinated amino acids. The method for the resolution of the 4,4,4-trifluorovaline's and 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine's diastereomers has been developed and the details are discussed.

Research has been conducted on the metalloenzymes containing copper ions in their active site. Results demonstrate the pH-dependence of the complexes related to the coordination sphere changes of the metal centers and indicate that only mu-hydroxo complexes exhibit catecholase activity.

Research has been conducted on the trifluoroacetaldehyde and aldehyde hemiaminals. Results indicate that under Lewis acid activation these hemiaminals produce iminium species which react with nucleophiles generating fluorinated amines.

The ubiquitous detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in humans and animals has produced a need for sensitive and compound-specific analytical methods to determine the environmental distribution of fluorinated organic contaminants. A suite of potential PFOS precursors (sulfonamides) and fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were separated by gas chromatography and detected by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/CI-MS). Full-scan spectra were collected in both positive and negative chemical ionization (PCI and NCI, respectively) mode to determine retention time windows and fragmentation patterns. In selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, instrumental detection limits ranged from 0.2 to 20 pg for individual analytes, depending on ionization mode. PCI mode was preferred for routine analysis because of the simple mass spectra produced, typified by the presence of a major molecular ion [[M + H]sup.+]. High-volume air samplers collected gaseous and particle-bound fluoroorganics on composite media consisting of XAD-2, polyurethane foam (PUF), and quartz-fiber filters. The combined collection efficiency for individual analytes was 87 to 136% in breakthrough experiments. Application of the method to the analysis of ambient air from urban and rural sites confirmed the presence of six novel fluorinated atmospheric contaminants at picogram per [meter.sup.3] concentrations. Low concentrations of fluoroorganics were consistently detected in blanks (

Research has been conducted on the fluorinated tris-thiolate compounds. The isolation of these compounds as the tetrahydrofuran, pyridine or DME coordination complexes has been carried out and the effect of the neutral donors' steric and electronic properties on the lanthanide-fluorine interactions has been investigated.

Research has been conducted on the enantiomerically pure 2-pyrrolidinones derived from the (L)-glutamic acid. The electrophilic fluorination of these compounds has been examined in studying the method for the single 4-fluoroglutamic acid stereoisomer synthesis and the results are reported.

Research has been conducted on the anodic direct fluorination at the alpha to oxygen atom position of the (E)-3-benzylidene-2,3-dihydrochroman-4-one derivatives. The results of this fluorination carried out to provide the 2-fluoro-chromanones selectivity are described.

Research has been conducted on the fluorination of CB (sub)5 H (sub)6 (super)- and CB (sub)9 H (sub)10 (super)- by hydrogen fluoride. The ionic hydrogen fluoride fluorination and the covalent hydrogen fluoride fluorination pathways have been investigated and the results are discussed.

Research has been conducted on the partial displacement of OH groups of p-tert-butylcalixarene. The route for this displacement via the spirodienol derivatives has been investigated and the results are discussed.

Research has been conducted on the anodic fluorination of (E)-3-benzylidene-2,3-dihydrothiochroman-4-one and 3-benzyl-1-thiochromone derivatives. Results indicate that this fluorination provides selectively the same fluorinated products under different electrolytic conditions.

Research has been conducted on the anodic fluorination of N-benzoyl, N-acethyl- and N-formylthiazolidine derived from L-cysteine. The results of this fluorination carried out in dimethoxyethane and acetonitrile containing fluoride salts indicate that optically active fluorinated derivatives may be useful as precursors for the biologically active compounds.

Research has been conducted on the M (sub)3 antagonist. The synthesis of this structurally unique antagonist has been carried out and the results indicate that after being disconnected retrosynthetically at the amide bond it revealed the acid portion and amine fragment.

Research has been conducted on the fluorine-containing amino acids. The flexible route to the enantiomerically pure L-4,4-difluoroglutamic acid has been developed and results indicate that it exploits the difluorinated nucleophile addition to the stable alpha-aminoaldehydes.

Research has been conducted on the diketo compounds. The reactions of these compounds with the Deoxofluor have been examined and the results indicate that while reacting with the Deoxofluor alpha-diketones form difluoro derivatives in the presence of the catalytic amount of HF.

Research has been conducted on the 1alpha-fluoro A-ring phosphine oxide. The synthesis of this oxide from (S)-carvone has been carried out in steps and the results indicate that a highly selective palladium-catalyzed isomerization of dieneoxide to dienol has been achieved via the use of the fluorinated alcohol as a catalytic proton source.

Research has been conducted on the organofluorine compounds. The selective anodic partial fluorination of different organic compounds have been developed and the anodic fluorination of various five-membered heterocyclic sulfides have been investigated.

The stereoselective synthesis of fluorinated analogues of (2S,3R)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine has been carried out. The results of the aldol condensation of 3,4-dibenzyloxy-2-fluorobenxaldehyde and 4,5-dibenzyloxy-2-fluorobenxaldehyde with oxazolidinone are discussed.

Research has been conducted on the side-chain-fluorinated histamines. Results indicate that the addition of 'FBr' to 1-trityl-4-vinyl-1H-imidazole that occurs with the Markovnikov regioselectivity provides the route to these histamines.

Research has been conducted on the nitrones. The details of the nitrone trifluoromethylation and the adducts' transformations are reported.

Research has been conducted on the fluorinated analogue of anticancer active ether lipid. The synthesis of this analogue has been carried out in a nine-step synthesis starting from 2-methylene-1,3-propanediol with the bromofluorination used as the key step and the results are presented.