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Light cone selection effects on cosmic observables must be precisely accounted for in the next generation of surveys, including the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. This will allow us to correctly model the data and extract subtle shifts from general-relativistic effects. We examine the effects of peculiar velocities on color selection in spectroscopic galaxy surveys, with a focus on their implications for the galaxy clustering dipole $P_1(k)$. Using DESI Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) targets, we show that peculiar velocities can shift spectral emission features into or out of filter bands, modifying galaxy colors and thereby changing galaxy selection. This phenomenon mimics the effect of evolution bias, and we refer to it as the Doppler bias, $b_D$. The Doppler bias is of comparable size to the evolution bias at $0.8 < z < 1$, where it is largest. This enhances the ELG-LRG (Luminous Red Galaxy) cross-correlation dipole by 15-30%. This could be detectable at the $\sim$4$\sigma$ level for the full DESI survey. Additionally, we found that our $b_D$ estimate is impacted by the incompleteness of the parent ELG sample. Therefore, this work highlights the essential need for careful consideration of spectral-dependent biases caused by peculiar velocities during the selection phase of galaxy surveys, to enable unbiased analyses., Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures

At low redshift, it is possible to combine spectroscopic information of galaxies with their luminosity or angular diameter distance to directly measure the projection of peculiar velocities (PV) along the line-of-sight. A PV survey probing a large fraction of the sky is subject to so-called wide-angle effects, arising from the variation of the line-of-sight across the sky, and other sub-leading projection effects due to the propagation of the photons in a perturbed cosmological background. In this work, for the first time, we provide a complete description, within linear theory and General Relativity, of the power spectrum of luminosity distance fluctuations, clarifying its relation to the observables in a PV survey. We find that wide-angle effects will be detected at high significance by future observations and will have to be included in the cosmological analysis. Other relativistic projections effects could also be detected provided accurate, per object, distances are available., Comment: 35 pages, 7 figures

The large scale limit of the galaxy power spectrum provides a unique window into the early Universe through a possible detection of scale dependent bias produced by primordial non Gaussianities. On such large scales, relativistic effects could become important and be confused for a primordial signal. In this Letter we provide the first consistent estimate of such effects in the observed galaxy power spectrum, and discuss their possible degeneracy with local primordial non Gaussianities. We also clarify the physical differences between the two signatures, as revealed by their different sensitivity to the large scale gravitational potential. Our results indicate that, while relativistic effects could easily account for 10% of the observed power spectrum, the subset of those with a similar scale dependence to a primordial signal can be safely ignored for current galaxy surveys, but it will become relevant for future observational programs., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, code available on GitHub at https://github.com/foglienimatteo/GaPSE.jl. v2: minor modifications to match published version