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1. SETD2 and histone H3 lysine 36 methylation deficiency in advanced systemic mastocytosis

Author

Martinelli, G, Mancini, M, De Benedittis, C, Rondoni, M, Papayannidis, C, Manfrini, M, Meggendorfer, M, Calogero, R, Guadagnuolo, V, Fontana, M C, Bavaro, L, Padella, A, Zago, E, Pagano, L, Zanotti, R, Scaffidi, L, Specchia, G, Albano, F, Merante, S, Elena, C, Savini, P, Gangemi, D, Tosi, P, Ciceri, F, Poletti, G, Riccioni, L, Morigi, F, Delledonne, M, Haferlach, T, Cavo, M, Valent, P, and Soverini, S

Published
2018
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5. RICERCA DI SALMONELLA SPP IN CAMPIONI DI SPEZIE MEDIANTE METODO ISO 6579-1:2017 E VALUTAZIONE DEI PROTOCOLLI DI PREPARAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE SECONDO NORMA ISO 6887- 4:2017

Author

Taddei R., Bardasi L., Fontana M. C., Mengoli M., Bassi P., Merialdi G., Società Italiana di Diagnostica di Laboratorio Veterinaria, and Taddei R., Bardasi L., Fontana M.C., Mengoli M., Bassi P., Merialdi G.

Subjects
Salmonella, spices, PCR-Real Time, ISO 6887- 4:2017, food and beverages
Abstract

Salmonella outbreaks are increasingly associated with the consumption of contaminated spices. Compounds with anti- microbial effect present in spices can interfere with pathogenic bacteria detection, increasing the risk of false negative results. Salmonella detection was carried out in 46 spice samples: oregano (3), black pepper in granules (9), minced black pepper (7), chilli pepper (7), flaked garlic (9), dry garlic (2), rosemary (2), curry (3), turmeric (1), cinnamon (1), minced cinnamon (2). ISO 6579-1: 2017 method was performed, validating each result by analyzing the sample artificially contaminated with S. Agbeni. In case of inhibitory effect of the matrix, the sample preparation protocols were modified by adding K2SO3 or by increasing the ratio of the initial dilution, according to ISO 6887-4: 2017. One sample of pepper in granules resulted positive for the presence of Salmonella. Oregano, minced cinnamon and garlic showed inhibitory effect on Salmonella multiplication.

Published
2018

8. Chromothripsis in acute myeloid leukemia: Biological features and impact on survival

Author

Fontana, M C, primary, Marconi, G, additional, Feenstra, J D M, additional, Fonzi, E, additional, Papayannidis, C, additional, di Rorá, A G L, additional, Padella, A, additional, Solli, V, additional, Franchini, E, additional, Ottaviani, E, additional, Ferrari, A, additional, Baldazzi, C, additional, Testoni, N, additional, Iacobucci, I, additional, Soverini, S, additional, Haferlach, T, additional, Guadagnuolo, V, additional, Semerad, L, additional, Doubek, M, additional, Steurer, M, additional, Racil, Z, additional, Paolini, S, additional, Manfrini, M, additional, Cavo, M, additional, Simonetti, G, additional, Kralovics, R, additional, and Martinelli, G, additional

Published
2017
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9. SETD2 and histone H3 lysine 36 methylation deficiency in advanced systemic mastocytosis

Author

Martinelli, G, primary, Mancini, M, additional, De Benedittis, C, additional, Rondoni, M, additional, Papayannidis, C, additional, Manfrini, M, additional, Meggendorfer, M, additional, Calogero, R, additional, Guadagnuolo, V, additional, Fontana, M C, additional, Bavaro, L, additional, Padella, A, additional, Zago, E, additional, Pagano, L, additional, Zanotti, R, additional, Scaffidi, L, additional, Specchia, G, additional, Albano, F, additional, Merante, S, additional, Elena, C, additional, Savini, P, additional, Gangemi, D, additional, Tosi, P, additional, Ciceri, F, additional, Poletti, G, additional, Riccioni, L, additional, Morigi, F, additional, Delledonne, M, additional, Haferlach, T, additional, Cavo, M, additional, Valent, P, additional, and Soverini, S, additional

Published
2017
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12. Su un caso di porpora trombocitopenica isoimmune in suinetti neonati

Author

GALLETTI E., MERIALDI G., ANTONELLI A., BRINI E., FONTANA M. C., MARTELLI P., FUSARO, LAURA, SARLI, GIUSEPPE, GALLETTI E., MERIALDI G., ANTONELLI A., BRINI E., FUSARO L., SARLI G., FONTANA M.C., and MARTELLI P.

Subjects
MALATTIA DA ISOIMMUNIZZAZIONE, NEONATI, PORPORA TROMBOCITOPENICA, EMORRAGIE, ANEMIA
Abstract

Gli Autori riportano alcuni casi di sindrome emorragica caratterizzata da petecchie, ecchimosi, emorragie multiple e mortalità che hanno colpito suinetti neonati di un allevamento a ciclo chiuso. I casi si sono verificati nel periodo da Maggio a Dicembre 2008 ed hanno coinvolto 28 nidiate. Su un totale di 322 suinetti nati vivi, 55 hanno manifestato sintomatologia e 25 sono deceduti per cause riferibili alla sindrome emorragica. Al fine di approfondire il quadro anamnestico e clinico è stato eseguito l’esame emocromocitometrico su alcuni soggetti con sindromi emorragiche ad andamento analogo ai suinetti deceduti. I soggetti analizzati, comparati a soggetti sani della stessa età, hanno evidenziato una severa trombocitopenia e un aumento dei reticolociti circolanti. Sulla base dei dati raccolti sono state prese in considerazione diverse ipotesi diagnostiche tra le quali le patologie immunitarie di porpora trombocitopenica isoimmune e malattia emolitica neonatale.

Published
2009

20. Innovative approach to produce submicron drug particles by vibrational atomization spray drying: influence of the type of solvent and surfactant.

Author

Durli, T. L., Dimer, F. A., Fontana, M. C., Pohlmann, A. R., Beck, R. C. R., and Guterres, S. S.

Subjects
SPRAY drying, SOLUTIONS (Pharmacy), EMULSIONS (Pharmacy), DRUG design, SURFACE active agents, DEXAMETHASONE, PHARMACEUTICAL powders
Abstract

Spray drying is a technique used to produce solid particles from liquid solutions, emulsions or suspensions. Buchi Labortechnik developed the latest generation of spray dryers, Nano Spray Dryer B-90. This study aims to obtain, directly, submicron drug particles from an organic solution, employing this equipment and using dexamethasone as a model drug. In addition, we evaluated the influence of both the type of solvent and surfactant on the properties of the powders using a 32 full factorial analysis. The particles were obtained with high yields (above 60%), low water content (below 2%) and high drug content (above 80%). The surface tension and the viscosity were strongly influenced by the type of solvent. The highest powder yields were obtained for the highest surface tension and the lowest viscosity of the drug solutions. The use of ionic surfactants led to higher process yields. The laser diffraction technique revealed that the particles deagglomerate into small ones with submicrometric size, (around 1 µm) that was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Interaction between the raw materials in the spray-dried powders was verified by calorimetric analysis. Thus, it was possible to obtain dexamethasone submicrometric particles by vibrational atomization from organic solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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21. Scabies in wildlife animals, pets and humans: a reemerging zoonosis?

Author

Rubini, S., Zaghi, S., Tazzari, A., Lo Chiano, F., Govoni, G., Cavazzini, M., Taddei, R., Fontana, M. C., Barbieri, S., and Defilippo, F.

Subjects
SCABIES, ZOONOSES, PETS, CONFERENCES & conventions, ANIMALS, HUMAN beings
Abstract

Background: Scabies or sarcoptic mange is an infestation of the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Transmission from animals to humans occurs through close contact. The most common symptoms are papules, erythema, excoriations, hyperkeratosis, and hypotrichosis. In the province of Ferrara (Emilia Romagna, Italy) mange is endemic in wild animals, mostly in foxes, which can act as vectors for domestic animals and humans. Methods: From 2012 to 2020, 564 foxes were surveyed within the Wildlife Health Surveillance Regional Program, including microscopic examination in cases of skin lesions referable to scabies. In 2018, a domestic dog (10-year border collie, male), frequenting an uncultivated area colonized by foxes and located in the outskirts of Ferrara, showed scabby lesions mainly on the nose, around the eyes and on the back. Results: 11 out of 564 foxes resulted positive (1,95%), 6 cases out of 38 being in 2018 (15,8%). The parasite was detected by skin biopsy and direct microscopic examination in the domestic dog. The parasite was transmitted by the dog to the owner and the other two family members. Conclusions: The increased density of dogs and foxes in the Ferrara province, and the attitude of foxes to live near to human settlements, increase the risk of contacts between foxes, domestic animals and humans, even though stray dogs are uncommon. This case illustrates the interdependencies between animal health, human health and environment, a synergy that can enable exacerbation of diseases of zoonotic origin as highlighted by the One Health concept. It is therefore important to increase the investigation on paths as well as vectors of diseases and to find collaborative, multi-sectorial and transversal approaches to ensure quality health outcomes. The control of the disease requires an appropriate monitoring of dogs’ health being skin lesions in both, humans and animals, very similar to allergic dermatitis, which can delay the proper diagnosis of the disease. Key messages: • Sarcoptic mange is a zoonosis still present in Emilia Romagna, Italy. • The One Health approach is key to control the cycle of the zoonotic sarcoptic mange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

23. MAPPING WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING DATA OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS INTO KEGG PATHWAYS

Author

Padella, A., Simonetti, G., Iacobucci, I., Dovalle, I., Zago, E., Griggio, F., Garonzi, M., Manfrini, M., Guadagnuolo, V., Bernardi, S., CRISTINA PAPAYANNIDIS, Abbenante, M. C., Marconi, G., Melloni, G., Riva, L., Bruno, S., Fontana, M. C., Zuffa, E., Franchini, E., Baldazzi, C., Cavo, M., Testoni, N., Ottaviani, E., Pellicci, P. G., Sazzini, M., Ferrarini, A., Delledonne, M., Remondini, D., and Martinelli, G.

25. POOR PROGNOSIS MONOSOMIC AND TRISOMIC ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATES WITH CHECKPOINTS AND CDC20 DEREGULATION: A NOVEL LEUKEMOGENIC MECHANISM AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS

Author

Simonetti, G., Padella, A., Manfrini, M., Do Valle, L. F., CRISTINA PAPAYANNIDIS, Baldazzi, C., Ferrari, A., Fontana, M. C., Guadagnuolo, V., Zago, E., Garonzi, M., Astolfi, A., Laginestra, A., Marconi, G., Zuffa, E., Franchini, E., Iacobucci, I., Cavo, M., Ottaviani, E., Testoni, N., Ferrarini, A., Delledonne, M., Haferlach, T., Remondini, D., and Martinelli, G.

26. WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING IDENTIFIES MUTATIONS OF ALDH2, IMPDH2, RETSAT, HSPG2, CHPF AND OTHER METABOLIC GENES AS A NOVEL FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY OF GENOMIC ALTERATIONS IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

Author

Simonetti, G., Padella, A., Iacobucci, I., Dovalle, I., Fontanarosa, G., Zago, E., Griggio, F., Garonzi, M., Bernardi, S., CRISTINA PAPAYANNIDIS, Abbenante, M. C., Marconi, G., Melloni, G., Riva, L., Guadagnuolo, V., Fontana, M. C., Bruno, S., Ferrari, A., Zuffa, E., Franchini, E., Astolfi, A., Baldazzi, C., Dan, E., Sinigaglia, B., Cavo, M., Testoni, N., Ottaviani, E., Pelicci, P. G., Sazzini, M., Ferrarini, A., Delledonne, M., Remondini, D., and Martinelli, G.

31. THE ADDITION OF GEMTUZUMAB OZAGAMICIN (GO) TO INTENSIVE CHEMOTHERAPY SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES COMPLETE RESPONSES CR RATES AND OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

Author

Sartor, C., Papayannidis, C., anna candoni, Malagola, M., Marconi, G., Tenti, E., Manfrini, M., Simonetti, G., Zuffa, E., Abbenante, M. C., Parisi, S., Paolini, S., Lo Monaco, S., Franchini, E., Ottaviani, E., Fontana, M. C., Padella, A., Guadagnuolo, V., Fanin, R., Russo, D., and Martinelli, G.

32. TP53 MUTATIONS IN ADULT ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: STRONGLY ASSOCIATION WITH POOR PROGNOSIS, MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY WITH FLT3 AND NPM MUTATIONS AND MORE SURVIVAL PREDICTABILITY THAN FLT3 MUTATIONAL STATUS OR COMPLEX KARYOTYPE

Author

Ferrari, A., CRISTINA PAPAYANNIDIS, Baldazzi, C., Iacobucci, I., Zuffa, E., Perricone, M., Robustelli, V., Venturi, C., Bocchicchio, M. T., Marconi, G., Sartor, C., Abbenante, M. C., Guadagnuolo, V., Padella, A., Fontana, M. C., Simonetti, G., Testoni, N., Ottaviani, E., Cavo, M., and Martinelli, G.

33. INTRACELLULAR AND SYSTEMIC METABOLIC PROFILING OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA IMPROVES GENOMIC CLASSIFICATION AND SUGGESTS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS

Author

Simonetti, G., Padella, A., Mengucci, C., Fonzi, E., Picone, G., Pazzaglia, M., Perricone, M., Fontana, M. C., Bruno, S., Bochic-Chio, M. T., Franchini, E., Nanni, J., Marconi, G., Do Valle, I. F., Tommaso, R., Ferrari, A., Ghetti, M., Napolitano, R., CRISTINA PAPAYANNIDIS, Cerchione, C., Ottaviani, E., Castellani, G., Remondini, D., Capozzi, F., and Martinelli, G.

34. HOW TO DETECT '3C-UP', A NEW ADULT PHILADELPHIA NEGATIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA SUBGROUP

Author

Ferrari, A., Vitali, S., Robustelli, V., Ghelli, A., Baldazzi, C., Righi, S., Fonzi, E., Matteis, S., Ghetti, M., Napolitano, R., Tebaldi, M., Salvi, S., CRISTINA PAPAYANNIDIS, Marconi, G., Paolini, S., Ferrari, G., Fontana, M. C., Imbrogno, E., Padella, A., Simonetti, G., Pasquini, G., Cangini, D., Giannini, B. M., Cerchione, C., Santoro, A., Hernandez-Rivas, J. M., Calistri, D., Castellani, G., Sabattini, E., Testoni, N., Remondini, D., and Martinelli, G.

39. SETD2 and histone H3 lysine 36 methylation deficiency in advanced systemic mastocytosis

Author

T Haferlach, Livio Pagano, Massimo Delledonne, Simona Soverini, Antonella Padella, Fabio Ciceri, Patrizia Tosi, L Riccioni, Marco Manfrini, Giovanni Martinelli, Manja Meggendorfer, Serena Merante, F Morigi, C De Benedittis, Domenica Gangemi, Luana Bavaro, Michela Rondoni, Manuela Mancini, Roberta Zanotti, Paolo Savini, Viviana Guadagnuolo, Giovanni Poletti, Michele Cavo, Maria Chiara Fontana, Luigi Scaffidi, Chiara Elena, Giorgina Specchia, Francesco Albano, Elisa Zago, Peter Valent, Raffaele A. Calogero, Cristina Papayannidis, Martinelli, G., Mancini, M., De Benedittis, C., Rondoni, M., Papayannidis, C., Manfrini, M., Meggendorfer, M., Calogero, R., Guadagnuolo, V., Fontana, M. C., Bavaro, L., Padella, A., Zago, E., Pagano, L., Zanotti, R., Scaffidi, L., Specchia, G., Albano, F., Merante, S., Elena, C., Savini, P., Gangemi, D., Tosi, P., Ciceri, F., Poletti, G., Riccioni, L., Morigi, F., Delledonne, M., Haferlach, T., Cavo, M., Valent, P., Soverini, S., Martinelli, G, Mancini, M, De Benedittis, C, Rondoni, M, Papayannidis, C, Manfrini, M, Meggendorfer, M, Calogero, R, Guadagnuolo, V, Fontana, M. C, Bavaro, L, Padella, A, Zago, E, Pagano, L, Zanotti, R, Scaffidi, L, Specchia, G, Albano, F, Merante, S, Elena, C, Savini, P, Gangemi, D, Tosi, P, Ciceri, F, Poletti, G, Riccioni, L, Morigi, F, Delledonne, M, Haferlach, T, Cavo, M, and Valent, P

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, systemic mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, SETD2, Apoptosis, Biology, Methylation, Histones, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Histone H3, Mastocytosis, Systemic, SETD2, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Midostaurin, Mast Cells, Systemic mastocytosis, Aged, Bortezomib, Lysine, leukemia, Hematology, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mast cell leukemia, Prognosis, Staurosporine, 3. Good health, Settore MED/15 - MALATTIE DEL SANGUE, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, chemistry, Histone methyltransferase, Mutation, Cancer research, Female, Original Article, K562 Cells, Mastocytosis, medicine.drug
Abstract

The molecular basis of advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM) is not fully understood and despite novel therapies the prognosis remains dismal. Exome sequencing of an index-patient with mast cell leukemia (MCL) uncovered biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the SETD2 histone methyltransferase gene. Copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity at 3p21.3 (where SETD2 maps) was subsequently found in SM patients and prompted us to undertake an in-depth analysis of SETD2 copy number, mutation status, transcript expression and methylation levels, as well as functional studies in the HMC-1 cell line and in a validation cohort of 57 additional cases with SM, including MCL, aggressive SM and indolent SM. Reduced or no SETD2 protein expression-and consequently, H3K36 trimethylation-was found in all cases and inversely correlated with disease aggressiveness. Proteasome inhibition rescued SETD2 expression and H3K36 trimethylation and resulted in marked accumulation of ubiquitinated SETD2 in SETD2-deficient patients but not in patients with near-normal SETD2 expression. Bortezomib and, to a lesser extent, AZD1775 alone or in combination with midostaurin induced apoptosis and reduced clonogenic growth of HMC-1 cells and of neoplastic mast cells from advanced SM patients. Our findings may have implications for prognostication of SM patients and for the development of improved treatment approaches in advanced SM.Leukemia advance online publication, 30 June 2017; doi:10.1038/leu.2017.183.

Published
2018

40. Helminth parasites of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758) and the wolf Canis lupus italicus Altobello, 1921 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Author

Alfredo Fiocchi, Andrea Gustinelli, Gianluca Rugna, Giovanni Poglayen, Maria Cristina Fontana, L. Gelmini, M. Renzi, Fiocchi, Alfredo, Gustinelli, Andrea, Gelmini, L., Rugna, G., Renzi, M., Fontana, M. C., and Poglayen, Giovanni

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, biology, Ecology, Vulpes, Zoology, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Red fox, Taenia pisiformis, Uncinaria stenocephala, 03 medical and health sciences, Canis, wolf, Italy, Animal Science and Zoology, Ancylostoma caninum, Emilia-Romagna, helminth, Toxocara canis
Abstract

In the period 2013–2014 a survey was carried out on the helminthic fauna of 60 wild canids, 57 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and three wolves (Canis lupus italicus), collected in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. The study focused mainly on the gastrointestinal and hepatic helminths. Parasites were recovered in 91.2% of the red foxes and in all the wolves examined. Multiple infections were found in the majority of the animals (71.9% of the foxes and 100% of the wolves). In total, 14 intestinal helminth species were identified, two trematodes (Alaria alata, Brachylaima spp.), seven cestodes (Mesocestoides spp., Taenia crassiceps, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia polyacantha, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia ovis, Taenia hydatigena) and five nematodes (Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Pterigodermatites affinis, Ancylostoma caninum). The heartworm Dirofilaria immitis was also recovered in two foxes. No Echinococcus spp. were found. Our study shows that foxes are reservoir hosts of zoonotic parasites, including A. alata, a rare digenean trematode in the Italian paeninsula. Results are compared with those of other surveys on helminths of wild canids carried out in Italy and other European countries.

Published
2016

42. Hydrogel containing dexamethasone-loaded nanocapsules for cutaneous administration: preparation, characterization, and in vitro drug release study.

Author

Marchiori ML, Lubini G, Dalla Nora G, Friedrich RB, Fontana MC, Ourique AF, Bastos MO, Rigo LA, Silva CB, Tedesco SB, and Beck RC

Subjects
Administration, Cutaneous, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents analysis, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Chemical Phenomena, Dexamethasone analysis, Dexamethasone pharmacology, Diffusion, Drug Carriers analysis, Drug Carriers chemistry, Drug Carriers pharmacology, Drug Compounding methods, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Immunosuppressive Agents analysis, Immunosuppressive Agents chemistry, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Meristem cytology, Meristem drug effects, Mitosis drug effects, Onions drug effects, Particle Size, Plant Roots cytology, Plant Roots drug effects, Solubility, Suspensions, Dexamethasone administration & dosage, Dexamethasone chemistry, Drug Carriers administration & dosage, Hydrogels chemical synthesis, Hydrogels chemistry, Nanocapsules administration & dosage, Nanocapsules chemistry
Abstract

Context: Our group previously reported the development of dexamethasone-loaded polymeric nanocapsules as an alternative for topical dermatological treatments., Objective: Our study aimed to prepare and characterize a hydrogel containing this system to improve the effectiveness of the glucocorticoid for cutaneous disorders., Methods: For the antiproliferative activity assay, a dexamethasone solution and D-NC were tested on Allium cepa root meristem model. D-NC were prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer. Hydrogels were prepared using Carbopol Ultrez 10 NF, as polymer, and characterized according to the following characteristics: pH, drug content, spreadability, viscosity, and in vitro drug release., Results and Discussion: Nanocapsules showed mean particle size and zeta potential of 201 +/- 6 and -5.73 +/- 0.42 nm, respectively. They demonstrated a lower mitotic index (4.62%) compared to free dexamethasone (8.60%). Semisolid formulations presented acidic pH values and adequate drug content (between 5.4% and 6.1% and 100% and 105%, respectively). The presence of nanocapsules in hydrogels led to a decrease in their spreadability factor. Intact nanoparticles were demonstrated by TEM as well as by dynamic light scattering (mean particle size < 300 nm). In vitro studies showed a controlled dexamethasone release from hydrogels containing the drug associated to the nanocapsules following the Higuchi's squared root model (k = 20.21 +/- 2.96 mg/cm(2)/h(1/2)) compared to the hydrogels containing the free drug (k = 26.65 +/- 2.09 mg/cm(2)/h(1/2))., Conclusion: Taking all these results together, the hydrogel containing D-NC represent a promising approach to treat antiproliferative-related dermatological disorders.

Published
2010
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43. Detection and characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in farm animals and raw meat products in Italy.

Author

Del Grosso M, Caprioli A, Chinzari P, Fontana MC, Pezzotti G, Manfrin A, Giannatale ED, Goffredo E, and Pantosti A

Subjects
Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Carbon-Oxygen Ligases genetics, Chickens, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Enterococcus physiology, Food Microbiology, Glycopeptides, Humans, Italy, Serotyping, Swine, Animals, Domestic microbiology, Enterococcus drug effects, Feces microbiology, Meat Products microbiology, Vancomycin Resistance
Abstract

The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in Europe has been ascribed to the long-time use of the glycopeptide antibiotic avoparcin as feed additive in food animals, until its ban in 1997 in EU. The pres- ence of VRE in food of animal origin is believed to represent a potential risk for the consumer. We studied the fecal carriage of VRE in broiler chickens and slaughter pigs in Italy before the avoparcin ban and eval- uated the impact of avoparcin withdrawal on the presence of VRE in raw meat products. Broilers and pigs were both found to be frequently colonized by VRE, as 36% and 24.6% of the flocks or the herds, respec- tively, were positive. Molecular typing of VRE strains by PFGE showed that animals housed in different pens within the same farm were colonized by clonally related strains. After the avoparcin ban, a decrease in the rate of VRE contamination in meat products was observed. Such a decrease was statistically significant in poultry (from 18.8% to 9.6%) but not in pork products (from 9.7% to 6.9%). The majority of VRE from all sources carried the vanA resistance gene and included Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, E. durans, and E. gallinarum. None of the strains carried the vanB gene, whereas constitutively resistant vanC-positive strains were frequently found. Our results show that avoparcin withdrawal has been successful in reducing VRE contamination in meat products. However, this measure needs to be complemented by a prudent use of glycopeptide antibiotics in human medicine.

Published
2000
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