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Background: Skin physiology seems to be influenced by dietary choices and body composition, although links between these factors remain poorly characterised. In the present manuscript, we elaborate on the potential relationships among food groups, body composition and skin physiology in omnivores and vegetarians. Material and Methods: This cross‐sectional observational study involved 181 participants, 129 omnivores and 52 vegetarians. The main functions of the skin measured in our laboratory were transepidermal water loss, deep and superficial epidermal hydration, skin elasticity, and carotenoid content. Skin variables obtained from different body regions were made comparable by a new Proportional Skin Index calculated to respect their relative representativity. Results: No statistical differences were found when comparing both groups' body composition and skin variables from different body regions, with the exception of the skin carotenoid content significantly higher in the vegetarian group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although dietary patterns significantly differed between groups, with vegetarians consuming fewer animal‐derived products and more plant‐based foods, multiple linear regression analysis revealed no differences or association between the dietary pattern and the skin physiology. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate the specific impact of diet and food groups and body composition on skin physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of nutrition in preventing non-communicable diseases has been widely studied in recent years, with indications that non-animal-based diets might improve body composition and therefore bring multiple health benefits. For all of these reasons, the main purpose was to compare body composition and metabolic status between vegetarian and omnivorous individuals and relate these values with cardiovascular risk. The present analysis included 176 participants (61 vegetarians and 115 omnivores). Body composition was assessed using a dual-energy X–ray absorptiometry, biochemical parameters obtained from capillary blood, and the 10-year cardiovascular risk (10RCVD) calculated by the QRISK3 score. No statistical differences were found between groups regarding body composition. Concerning metabolic markers, vegetarian individuals showed reduced values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and non–HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). There were no differences in 10RCVD between groups. In both diets, moderate correlations between groups were found for cardiovascular risk and visceral adipose tissue. Our results suggest that the vegetarian regimen might be associated with better cardiometabolic biomarkers and better cardiovascular health, although controversial with the body composition trends observed. In conclusion, the results suggest that cardiovascular risk appears to be more influenced by body composition, mainly fat tissue, over dietary patterns itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its high prevalence in adult populations, endodontic infections in individuals with systemic involvement, such as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, have been the subject of only a few studies. The aim of the present review was to answer the following questions: 1) Does highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) alter the clinical manifestation of endodontic infections? 2) Does HIV infection interfere in the development/repair of periradicular lesions? 3) Can HIV infection promote changes in the endodontic microbiota? Although there is plenty of information available regarding the different aspects of the endodontic infection, few studies were performed in HIV-infected individuals. Hence, the true impact of HIV infection on the clinical, immunological and microbiological aspects of the endodontic infection still needs to be clarified. In fact, it is mandatory to understand all aspects associated with endodontic infection and HIV infection in order to establish an adequate diagnosis, prognosis and endodontic treatment plan. The present review suggests that the clinical aspects of endodontic infections in HIV patients have changed with the introduction of HAART; HIV infection does not interfere in the development/repair of periradicular lesions; there is a significant difference in the endodontic microbiota found in HIV- and non-HIV-infected patients, with regard to both the prevalence and the proportion of specific microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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