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Maintaining food safety and quality is critical for public health and food security. Conventional food preservation methods, such as pasteurization and dehydration, often change the overall organoleptic quality of the food products. Herein, we demonstrate a method that affects only a thin surface layer of the food, using beef as a model. In this method, Joule heating is generated by applying high electric power to a carbon substrate in ~2000 K. The beef surface in direct contact with the heating substrate is subjected to ultra-high temperature flash heating, leading to the formation of a microbe-inactivated, dehydrated layer of ~100 µm in thickness. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, yeast and mold on the treated samples are inactivated to a level below the detection limit and remained low during room temperature storage of 5 days. Meanwhile, the product quality, including visual appearance, texture, and nutrient level of the beef, remains mostly unchanged. In contrast, microorganisms grow rapidly on the untreated control samples, along with a rapid deterioration of the meat quality. This method might serve as a promising preservation technology for securing food safety and quality.

INTRODUCTION: Prescribing fenbendazole medicated feed for pheasants in the USA is considered extra-label drug use under CPG Sec 615.115, and a safe estimated withdrawal interval (WDI) must be applied following administration to this minor food-producing species. This study sought to determine the pharmacokinetic and residue depletion profile for fenbendazole and its major metabolites to estimate a WDI for pheasants following fenbendazole administration as an oral medicated feed. METHOD: Pheasants (n = 32) were administered fenbendazole as an oral medicated feed (100 ppm) for 7 days. Fenbendazole, fenbendazole sulfoxide, and fenbendazole sulfone (FBZ-SO2) in liver and muscle samples were analyzed using HPLC-UV. Tissue WDIs were estimated using FDA, European Medicines Agency (EMA), and half-life multiplication methods for US poultry tolerances, EMA maximum residue limits, and the analytical limit of detection (LOD; 0.004 ppm). Terminal tissue elimination half-lives (T1/2) were estimated by non-compartmental analysis using a naïve pooled data approach. RESULTS: The tissue T1/2 was 14.4 h for liver, 13.2 h for thigh muscle, and 14.1 h for pectoral muscle. The maximum estimated withdrawal interval was 153 h (7 days) for FBZ-SO2 in pectoral muscle using the FDA tolerance method (95% confidence interval for the 99th percentile of the population), and the LOD as the residue limit. DISCUSSION: The results from this study support the use of FBZ-SO2 as the marker residue in the liver of pheasants and the provision of evidence based WDIs following the extra-label administration of fenbendazole medicated feed (100 ppm) for 7 days.

Introduction: Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) use animals to graze crop residues or cover crops before planting fresh produce and provide ecosystem services to support organic vegetable production. However, there is a risk of foodborne pathogen transfer to fresh produce because grazing may introduce enteric foodborne pathogens into the soil via animal feces, which may subsequently be transferred to the produce. Methods: To examine the effect of cover crop use and the risk of cover crop grazing on the contamination of soil and produce by foodborne pathogens in ICLS, a three-year (2019–2021) experimental study was conducted in organically managed plots, which were assigned three different treatments (fallow without cover crop or grazing, cover crop without grazing, or cover crop with grazing by sheep) in a maize/tomato rotation. During the three years of the experiment, a total of 184 pre- and post-graze fecal samples and 96 samples of tomatoes were collected to test for foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157, non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Listeria (L.) monocytogenes). Soil samples were collected monthly until 126–171 days after grazing (824 in total) to examine the presence of foodborne pathogens, and generic E. coli (MPN/g) was quantified to compare its persistence among the three treatments. Results and Discussion: We did not detect any foodborne pathogens from harvested tomatoes in 2020 and 2021. One non-O157 STEC positive soil sample (0.1%, 1/824) was detected in the fallow treatment, and one L. monocytogenes-positive (1.1%, 1/92) was detected from the post-graze fecal samples. When assessing proportions of generic E. coli positive and counts of generic E. coli in the soil samples using mixed effect zero-inflated negative binomial models, soil samples collected in the graze cover crop treatment plot showed significant increases in the counts of generic E. coli until 61–82 days post grazing, but no difference was observed after 96–123 days, compared to the baseline of the fallow treatment. Findings from generic E. coli counts support the use of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Program (NOP) 90- or 120-day interval rule between applying raw manure and harvesting in organic farming into ICLS. Additionally, we confirmed that commercial organic compost application before cover crop seeding in the winter had no significant effect on the proportions and counts of generic E. coli in the soil of the following growing seasons. This longitudinal field trial confirmed that the effect of sheep grazing on foodborne pathogen contamination in ICLS is minimal but further studies comparing the genetic associations between fecal and soil samples would be necessary to distinguish the source of foodborne pathogen contamination.

Multiple Salmonella enterica serovars and strains have been reported to be able to persist inside the foliar tissue of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), potentially resisting washing steps and reaching the consumer. Intraspecies variation of the bacterial pathogen and of the plant host can both significantly affect the outcome of foliar colonization. However, current understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon is still very limited. In this study, we evaluated the foliar fitness of 14 genetically barcoded S. enterica isolates from 10 different serovars, collected from plant and animal sources. The S. enterica isolates were vacuum-infiltrated individually or in pools into the leaves of three- to four-week-old lettuce plants. To estimate the survival capacity of individual isolates, we enumerated the bacterial populations at 0- and 10- days post-inoculation (DPI) and calculated their net growth. The competition of isolates in the lettuce apoplast was assessed through the determination of the relative abundance change of barcode counts of each isolate within pools during the 10 DPI experimental period. Isolates exhibiting varying apoplast fitness phenotypes were used to evaluate their capacity to grow in metabolites extracted from the lettuce apoplast and to elicit the reactive oxygen species burst immune response. Our study revealed that strains of S. enterica can substantially differ in their ability to survive and compete in a co-inhabited lettuce leaf apoplast. The differential foliar fitness observed among these S. enterica isolates might be explained, in part, by their ability to utilize nutrients available in the apoplast and to evade plant immune responses in this niche.

The detrimental impact of foodborne pathogens on human health makes food safety a major concern at all levels of production. Conventional methods to detect foodborne pathogens, such as live culture, high-performance liquid chromatography, and molecular techniques, are relatively tedious, time-consuming, laborious, and expensive, which hinders their use for on-site applications. Recurrent outbreaks of foodborne illness have heightened the demand for rapid and simple technologies for detection of foodborne pathogens. Recently, Lateral flow assays (LFA) have drawn attention because of their ability to detect pathogens rapidly, cheaply, and on-site. Here, we reviewed the latest developments in LFAs to detect various foodborne pathogens in food samples, giving special attention to how reporters and labels have improved LFA performance. We also discussed different approaches to improve LFA sensitivity and specificity. Most importantly, due to the lack of studies on LFAs for the detection of viral foodborne pathogens in food samples, we summarized our recent research on developing LFAs for the detection of viral foodborne pathogens. Finally, we highlighted the main challenges for further development of LFA platforms. In summary, with continuing improvements, LFAs may soon offer excellent performance at point-of-care that is competitive with laboratory techniques while retaining a rapid format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the levels of natural and artificial radioactivity in rice samples collected from various local markets in Islamabad, Pakistan. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations were measured through gamma-ray spectrometry with a NaI(Tl) detector. The average activity concentrations were 1.67 ± 1.19 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 3.31 ± 1.83 Bq kg−1 for 232Th, and 88.51 ± 11.65 Bq kg−1 for 40K. Calculated radium equivalent (Raeq) values ranged from 7.35 to 18.08 Bq kg−1, with a mean value of 11.11 Bq kg−1, all below the permissible maximum of 370 Bq kg−1. The absorbed dose rates ranged from 6.85 to 16.39 nGy h−1, with an average of 10.64 nGy h−1, falling below the acceptable limit of 51 nGy h−1. The outdoor and indoor radiation hazard indices (Hex and Hin) had mean values of 0.03, both below the threshold value of one. The external and internal hazard indices (Iγ and Iα) were both 0.088, also below the critical value of one. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranged from 0.28 to 0.11, with a mean value of 0.18, which is less than the critical value of one. Overall, the radioactivity levels in the analyzed rice samples are within the acceptable limits set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and are below global averages. These results offer important insights into the radiological safety of rice consumption in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in food-contaminant detection technologies can significantly improve food safety and human health. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become the preferred analytical method for food-safety detection owing to its numerous advantages, which include unique 'molecular fingerprinting' features, high sensitivity, rapid responses, and non-invasive characteristics. Raman-signal enhancements rely heavily on high-performance SERS substrates. In recent years, metal–organic framework (MOF)-based SERS substrates have gained attention as promising candidates for developing SERS technologies owing to their distinctive structures and functions. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in MOF-based SERS substrates, focusing on the main role of MOFs in SERS substrates as well as their typical categories and structures, construction methods, and representative applications in food-contaminant detection. First, the primary roles of MOFs in SERS substrates are briefly introduced. Next, a comprehensive overview of the typical categories and structures of MOF-based SERS substrates is discussed. Subsequently, a fundamental view of the general construction methods for MOF-based SERS substrates is presented. Next, the main applications of MOF-based SERS substrates for food-contaminant detection are summarised. Finally, challenges and perspectives, including improvements in SERS performance and stability, and the unification of SERS mechanisms, are addressed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, there is a significant "digital divide" in the agricultural sector between developing and developed countries. Such a digital disparity has negative consequences on the international competitiveness of these countries and their ability to comply with Food Satefy Standards. We propose a theoretical model to analyze the role of smart agriculture in the ability of countries to comply with international food safety regulations, specifically the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for contaminants such as aflatoxins, pesticides, and heavy metals. Firstly, we show that reducing the digital divide will always improve international food safety and food security (availability of a global supply). However, it can lead to more intense international competition, potentially causing a perverse effect: underinvestment in good agricultural practices by more digitally advanced countries. Furthermore, the digital catch-up of less advanced countries cannot sufficiently reduce health risks in international markets unless accompanied by strengthening official food control systems. Finally, we show that such digital catch-up encourages lowering MRLs rather than relaxing them, contrary to what producers or authorities might hope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food safety stands as a critical public health concern in China. People's perceptions and communication regarding food safety crises significantly impact their emotions and food preferences. The rise of social media has also complicated information sharing and decision-making. Exploring public's cognitive, emotional and behaviral responses toward food safety risks is crucial for improving food safety practices and public health. Methods: From fall 2018 to fall 2023, 23 in-depth interviews were held using a semi-structured protocol aligned with the Risk Analysis Framework (RAF) components: risk assessment, communication, and management. Results: Our findings showed that the public blamed unethical agriculture practices and food processing for food safety issues. People, dissatisfied with mainstream media, turned to social media to collect food safety information. Many adopted self-protective behaviors, assuming personal responsibility for food safety. Conclusion: Findings from this study highlighted individuals' concerns about environmental pollution and the use of chemical substances in food safety issues. The results underscored the need for accurate and prompt media coverage, stronger government regulation, industry self-regulation, and targeted consumer education to effectively tackle these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning and human infections and CC5 and CC398 are relevant lineages in the animal‐human interface. The objective was to determine the S. aureus prevalence in chicken‐derived food, and to study the diversity of lineages, and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes. Sixty poultry‐food samples were processed, and the S. aureus isolates obtained were characterised. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed and the presence of resistance/virulence genes, and avian mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was studied. Forty‐four non‐repetitive S. aureus isolates were obtained of 28/60 samples (46.7%), and 43 methicillin‐susceptible (MSSA) and one methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. Five S. aureus isolates were multidrug‐resistant and 50% of isolates showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics. Eighteen spa‐types, 11 sequence‐types and 8 clonal‐complexes were identified in the S. aureus collection. Three CC398 isolates (2 MSSA/1 MRSA) of spa‐type‐t1451 were detected, and MSSA‐CC398 isolates harboured the scn‐gene (absent in MRSA‐CC398). CC5 was the most frequent lineage identified (56.8%), all MSSA, and 56.7% of them contained avian‐MGEs. A high prevalence of avian‐adapted MSSA‐CC5 isolates was detected. Poultry meat has been shown to be a vehicle for CC398‐t1451 isolates, both MRSA and MSSA, showing characteristics of the animal and human clades, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTomato is one of the most widely produced vegetables in Ethiopia. Year-round production, mono-cropping, and genetically uniform hybrid varieties in relatively large areas result in pest buildup and recurrent pest epidemics in the country. Chemical control remains the primary management option for controlling tomato pests, and frequently indiscriminate and injudicious use of pesticides leads to several problem such as resistance development in insects/pathogens, destruction of natural enemies, food safety risks due to pesticide residues on the edible products and destruction of pollinators resulting in the non-setting of fruits and low yields. Multi-location and multi-season trials were conducted at Rift-Valley tomato production sites to reduce synthetic pesticides and promote good agricultural practice (GAP) packages. GAP package composed of healthy seedlings produced using seedling trays and treated with Trichoderma asperellum, and scheduled spray of bio-pesticides such as Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, and neem extract depending on the insect pests at early infestation time, along with the installation of colored sticky traps (yellow and blue) significantly reduced Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta and increased marketable yield compared to the farmers’ practice and untreated control. Hence, the GAP package can be considered effective and economical in managing tomato pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal contamination of foodstuffs is a major public health challenge of increasing concern. The present study aimed to determine lead, cadmium and mercury in honey, cow’s milk and poultry eggs collected from the North-Eastern region of Algeria and to evaluate the health risks associated with their regular consumption. To this aim 30 samples of each foodstuff were analysed using ICP-MS. Among the quantified heavy metals, Pb was found at the highest level in both honey (0.752 ± 0.16 µg g−1) and poultry egg (0.988 ± 0.19 µg g−1) in the region of Skikda. The highest values of Cd (0.798 ± 0.12 µg g−1) and Hg (0.097 ± 0.02 µg g−1) were found in poultry eggs collected from the same region. For infants the Hazard Index was well above 1 in honey samples from all three locations, in cow’s milk collected from Mila and Skikda and in poultry eggs collected from Skikda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perishability can be defined as the characteristic of fresh items. The level of freshness is one of the most crucial indicators in the fresh food supply chain. The widespread information asymmetry has exacerbated the circulation losses to trigger the food safety incidents, such as the horse meat scandal in the UK, the widespread Romaine lettuce infection in the US, the contamination of Ecuadorian white shrimp, the counterfeiting of pork in China, and the þSalmon Incidentÿ. Food safety issues have resulted in adverse customer sentiment on the trust between consumers and the fresh produce business. Hence, risk- averse actions can be expected to implemented on the highly efficient and reliable traceability system for agricultural goods. The quality and safety traceability were enhanced to guarantee food safety throughout the whole supply chain of agricultural products. Fresh produce retailers can achieved in the transparency about freshness using traceability system. The fresh produce supply chain can be realized to decrease the food wastes for the high product quality and customer trust. Nascent Blockchain technology can offer to strengthening the stability of system, with the decentralization, openness, transparency, cryptographic protection and tamper-proof features. Information disclosure can also be utilized to ensure both openness and transparency of information. Additionally, the utilization and impact of information can be used to mitigate information asymmetry among supply chain participants in the product traceability. Furthermore, blockchain technology can be implemented in the entire supply chain of fresh food, particularly on data collection and storage. Real-time monitoring was realized to predict the product status during the production, processing, transportation and sales of products. As a result, the clear insight of consumers can be gained into the authentic information regarding all stages of production and distribution, thus ensuring transparency in product freshness. Supply chain efficiency was also optimized to foster the consumer trust and retailer reputation. Furthermore, customer confidence was enhanced the reputation of stores and precise supply matching. A robust and safe trust mechanism was effectively achieved for the fresh food supply chain. Blockchain technology can be implemented in the fresh produce retail industry, in order to balance and promote information sharing and transparency. Moreover, smart contract technology was utilized to reduce the circulating time of fresh produce and consumer risks, in order to enhance the efficiency and quality of consumer benefits. However, the technological application can also depend on the freshness of items and the degree to which consumers minimize risk. In this study, the information transparency and timeliness were enhanced to focus on the blockchain technology. A secondary fresh food supply chain was established to involve the suppliers, retailers, and consumers. The equilibrium solutions of the game between suppliers and retailers were compared both before and after the implementation of blockchain technology. The consumers risk avoidance behaviors were also examined on the application strategy and value. A systematic investigation was then made to determine the intention of retailers to adopt blockchain technology. Research indicated that high intention was achieved to use blockchain technology, when the product was a higher initial freshness. This selected was driven by the requirement to maximize revenues, consumer surplus and more social welfare. Conversely, blockchain technology was resulted in the decreased profits and motivation, if the product was a low initial freshness. In contrast, there was the increase in the retailer's willingness to apply the blockchain technology, as the level of consumer risk aversion increased, particularly when the initial freshness of the product was at an average level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSIONS Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae are increasingly recognized as a potential source of bioactive peptides due to their high protein content. Antimicrobial peptides from sustainable sources are a research topic of interest. This study aims to characterize the peptidome of T. molitor flour and an Alcalase‐derived hydrolysate, and to explore the potential presence of antimicrobial peptides using in silico analyses, including prediction tools, molecular docking and parameter correlations.T. molitor protein was hydrolysed using Alcalase, resulting in a hydrolysate (TMH10A) with a 10% degree of hydrolysis. The peptidome was analysed using LC‐TIMS‐MS/MS, yielding over 6000 sequences. These sequences were filtered using the PeptideRanker tool, selecting the top 100 sequences with scores >0.8. Bioactivity predictions indicated that specific peptides, particularly WLNSKGGF and GFIPYEPFLKKMMA, showed significant antimicrobial potential, particularly against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Correlations were found between antifungal activity and physicochemical properties such as net charge, hydrophobicity and isoelectric point.The study identified specific T. molitor‐derived peptides with strong predicted antimicrobial activity through in silico analysis. These peptides, particularly WLNSKGGF and GFIPYEPFLKKMMA, might offer potential applications in food safety and healthcare. Further experimental validation is required to confirm their efficacy. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is a public health concern worldwide due to an increased morbidity and mortality risk associated with the outbreak of food-borne diseases. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and food safety practices (KAP) among university students in northern Tanzania. This is interesting because it allows data to be collected for creating awareness on safety, sanitation, and quality of food available within and outside the university environments.We conducted a cross-sectional study among 407 university students in Kilimanjaro region and all authors participated equally. Participants completed an online, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-squared test compared the proportion of KAP by participant characteristics and the multiple logistic regression model used to determine the associated factors. Participants had a mean age (standard deviation) of 23.2 (2.6) years, 51.4% were males, and 83% were < 25 years. The overall proportion of good knowledge, attitude, and food safety practices were 82.6, 78.4, and 31.9%, respectively. Higher odds of knowledge and attitude on food safety were students from KCMUCo (OR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.33–4.17) and (OR = 4.80; 95% CI 2.67–8.63). Also higher odds of food safety practice were students with good knowledge (OR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.03–3.13).Good food safety knowledge but not attitudes was associated with good food safety practices. This shows the need to introduce practical food safety within college environments to help students improve food hygiene and safety practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Natural feed additives of plant/animal/microbial origin are researched as supplements in aquaculture to improve the properties of feed, minimize the usage of chemical alternatives, reduce food safety risks and ensure sustainability to combat global food and nutritional security. Side streams generated during shellfish processing possess valuable ingredients: protein, lipids, carotenoids, minerals and chitins. Considering the current trend of organic farming and antibiotic‐free fish and shellfish, crustacean processing side streams and their derivatives seem promising and emerging resources as natural additives/supplements for formulating high‐quality feeds with superior benefits. Lower concentrations of chitin and chitosan in diets are reported to stimulate the growth of shellfish and finfish under controlled conditions. Oligomers of chitosan and nano‐chitosan are also the other potential derivatives as natural supplements in feed for better growth performance of aquaculture varieties. This review focuses on the significance of crustacean processing side streams and their derivatives, especially shrimp head meal, chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides as potential natural additives in aquafeeds for promoting the growth performance of cultured fin fishes and shell fishes. Utilization in aquafeeds and the development of natural value‐added supplements from crustacean processing side streams, especially shrimp head and shell leftover, offer an answer to the negative environmental impact due to its dumping; reduce the dependency on food fish for fish meal production & fishmeal for aquafeeds; solution to maintain the economic viability of the fish farmers & industry as well as to ensure the supply of safer and healthy aquatic foods to meet the objectives of sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSalmonella is a pathogenic bacterium, being the second most commonly reported foodborne pathogen in Europe, due to the ability of its different serovars to contaminate a wide variety of foods, with differences among countries. Common chemical or physical control methods are not always effective, eco-sustainable and adapted to the diversity of Salmonella serovars. Thus, great attention is given to developing complementary or alternative control methods that can be tailor made for specific situations. One of these methods is biopreservation using lactic acid bacteria, with most studies on their antagonistic activity focused on the production of antimicrobials. Less attention has been given to competition by exploitation of nutrients. This review is thus set to investigate and highlight limiting resources that may be involved in the competitive exclusion of Salmonella in food matrices. To do this the needs for nutrients and microelements and the known homeostatic pathways of Salmonella and lactic acid bacteria are examined. Finally, milk, intended for the manufacture of fermented dairy foods, is pointed out as an example of food to investigate the bioavailable macronutrients, metals and vitamins that could be involved in competition between the different species and serovars, and could be exploited for targeted biopreservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSince the safety of new-generation polyester-based internal coatings regarding the migration of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) is poorly documented, studies are needed to identify NIAS originating from these food-contact materials (FCM). The aim of this study was to identify volatile and semi-volatile NIAS from polyester-based coatings in order to assess their hazard and ensure consumers’ safety with regard to exposure from canned food. Extraction and migration tests were carried out on a single polyester-coated tin plate (5 batches) using two solvents: acetonitrile and ethanol 95%, then FCM’s extracts and migrates were analysed by GC-MS. An antioxidant degradation (hydrolysis) product, 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid or fenozan (CAS RN: 20170-32-5), was identified and confirmed by reference standard in all migrates. To assess fenozan’s toxicity, several in vitro bioassays, such as the Ames test (to assess point mutation), the micronucleus assay (to detect chromosomal aberrations), and the iodide uptake assay (to study one mode of action for thyroid disruption) were conducted. Fenozan was negative in the Ames test on three strains of S. typhimurium (TA98, TA100, and TA1535) and on one strain of E.coli (WP2), with and without metabolic activation system (S9 mix) using direct incorporation and pre-incubation methods. The in vitro micronucleus assay conducted on HepG2 cells also exhibited a negative response following a 4-hour treatment with the S9 mix, and a 48-hour treatment without the S9 mix. A weak inhibitory effect was obtained when testing fenozan in the iodide uptake assay using rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. Significant inhibition started from 800 µM of fenozan, with a maximal inhibition of almost 47% at 1000 µM. The findings indicate that fenozan exhibits an anti-thyroid activity in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing concern regarding food safety, with the potential presence of parasitic pathogens in raw produce globally. Contaminated fruits and vegetables can be sources of various parasitic infections imposing significant health consequences for general population, particularly, vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, young children, and immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically assess and synthesize the available evidence on the magnitude of parasitic contamination in raw fruits and vegetables obtained from local markets in Ethiopia. Methods: Thoroughly search of published and unpublished studies was conducted in the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. PRISMA checklist was strictly followed to select potential studies. Microsoft Excel 2016 sheet template was employed to extract the data. Quality of included studies was assessed by using the Newcastle – Ottawa Scale. STATA software version 14.0 was used to compute the estimated pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using percentage of variance (I2) and P-value. Results: Thirteen studies with a total sample size of 3769 fruits and vegetables were included. The pooled prevalence of parasitic contamination in raw fruits and vegetables with at least one parasite in Ethiopia is 43.38% (95% CI: [36.64, 50.12]). The highest pooled prevalence of contamination with at least one parasite is reported from Oromia region, 51.95% (95% CI: [40.53, 63.37]). The most prevalent parasite is strongyloides stercoralis, followed by Toxocara spp., G. lamblia and A. lumbricoides. The most contaminated vegetables with at least one parasites is spinach followed by cabbage and lettuce. Banana has emerged to be the most frequently contaminated fruit with a contamination prevalence of 38.34% (95% CI: [1.84, 56.83]). Being unwashed fruits and vegetables, placement of the products and literacy status of the sellers are significantly associated with the occurrence of parasitic contamination. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that contamination of raw fruits and vegetables with clinical important parasites is high. Therefore, adequate public awareness on hygienic harvest, storage, placement and consumption shall be created in order to mitigate such a significant public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil threatens human health, food security, and ecosystem sustainability. The in situ stabilization of Cd has been recognized as a potentially economical technology for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. Recently, biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) have received widespread attention as eco-friendly soil amendments that are more beneficial for plant growth, soil health, and remediation of contaminated soil. An experiment was performed in a paddy field to investigate the effects of two different types of BC (maize straw biochar and bamboo biochar) and AC (coconut shell activated carbon) in combination with rape organic fertilizer (R), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P), and fulvic acid (F), respectively, on soil Cd immobilization, Cd accumulation in rice, and yield. The results indicated that the BC/AC-based amendments reduced soil bioavailable Cd (DTPA-Cd) and brown rice Cd by 9.58%-27.06% and 19.30%-71.77%, respectively. The transformation of exchangeable Cd (Ex-Cd) to carbonate-bound Cd (Ca-Cd), Fe-Mn oxide bond (Ox-Cd), and residual (Re-Cd) in soil accounted for the mitigation of Cd uptake and enrichment by rice. Additionally, BC-/AC-based amendments altered soil physicochemical properties, which significantly increased the soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), soil organic carbon (SOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), directly promoting soil health. All BC-/AC-based amendments significantly increased FeIMP and MnIMP concentrations by 47.31%-160.34% and 25.72%-73.09% in the Fe/Mn plaque (IMP), respectively. Maize straw and bamboo biochar-based amendments significantly increased rice yield by 10.46%-20.41% and 9.94%-16.17%, respectively, while coconut shell-activated carbon severely reduced rice yield by 65.06%-77.14%. The correlation analysis revealed that leaf Cd and IMP primarily controlled Cd uptake by rice, and soil pH, Eh, CEC, SOC, IMP, and TP influenced DTPA-Cd in soil. This field study demonstrated that maize straw and bamboo biochar-based amendments not only reduced soil DTPA-Cd in paddy fields but also decreased the accumulation of Cd in brown rice, as well as improved rice yield, which has potential application in Cd-contaminated agriculture fields. Coconut shell-activated carbon severely decreased rice yields, which is not appropriate for rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, food access has worsened during the COVID‐19 pandemic. For this reason, various alternatives are required to improve the population's diet. Among the many alternatives is the use of 3D printing technology to reproduce food that can reach the most vulnerable population. This remarkable study shows future generations the importance of seeking innovative food that guarantees a nutritious and accessible diet. The study focuses on the Panamanian population to determine which variables influence the decision to consume innovative foods. The innovative product to be tested is based on insects, arachnids, and arthropods, which may be difficult for the population to consume, but thanks to 3D printing technologies, it is possible to generate foods based on these raw materials that look like traditional foods. Likewise, processing these foods generates less water consumption, giving them an ecological attribute. The present study seeks to know the variables that determine the purchase intention of consumers in Panama regarding the food supply based on insects, arachnids, and arthropods that are transformed into traditional food formats using 3D printers. This information can help companies prepare food offers to consumers in Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tobacco is a critical economic crop, yet its cultivation heavily relies on chemical pesticides, posing health risks to consumers, therefore, monitoring pesticide residues in tobacco is conducive to ensuring food safety. However, most current research on pesticide residue detection in tobacco relies on traditional chemical methods, which cannot meet the requirements for real-time and rapid detection. Methods: This study introduces an advanced method that combines hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology with machine learning algorithms. Firstly, a hyperspectral imager was used to obtain spectral data of tobacco samples, and a variety of spectral pre-processing technologies such as mean centralization (MC), trend correction (TC), and wavelet transform (WT), as well as feature extraction methods such as competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and least angle regression (LAR) were used to process the spectral data, and then, grid search algorithm (GSA) is used to optimize the support sector machine (SVM). Results: The optimized MC-LAR-SVM model achieved a pesticide classification accuracy of 84.1%, which was 9.5% higher than the original data model. The accuracy of the WT-TC-CARS-GSA-SVM model in the fenvalerate concentration classification experiment was as high as 91.8 %, and it also had excellent performance in other metrics. Compared with the model based on the original data, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are improved by 8.3 %, 8.2 %, 7.5 %, and 0.08, respectively. Discussion: The results show that combining spectral preprocessing and feature extraction algorithms with machine learning models can significantly enhance the performance of pesticide residue detection models and provide robust, efficient, and accurate solutions for food safety monitoring. This study provides a new technical means for the detection of pesticide residues in tobacco, which is of great significance for improving the efficiency and accuracy of food safety detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae contamination in raw lettuce from Risalpur, Pakistan, and to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated strains. The presence of foodborne pathogens such as K. pneumoniae poses significant public health risks, particularly in regions with suboptimal hygiene practices and improper food handling. Methods: Lettuce samples were collected from various sources in Risalpur and screened for K. pneumoniae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of various antibiotics against the isolated strains. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and linear regression, were conducted to assess differences in inhibition zones and to predict antibiotic effectiveness based on concentration. Results: The results revealed a significant prevalence of K. pneumoniae in the lettuce samples, highlighting the risks associated with poor hygiene, transportation, storage, and contaminated irrigation water. The isolated strains exhibited high susceptibility to gentamicin but demonstrated notable resistance to doxycycline, vancomycin, and ticarcillin. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were identified. ANOVA showed significant differences in inhibition zones, and the linear regression model predicted a Zone of Inhibition based on antibiotic concentration (β0 = 10.6667, β1 = 0.4556). Discussion: The identification of MDR strains of K. pneumoniae underscores the urgent need for enhanced antibiotic stewardship and food safety protocols to manage foodborne pathogens. Improved hygiene practices throughout the food production and supply chain are critical to mitigate health risks and address the challenge of growing antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antimicrobials is essential for the aquaculture sector; however, their misuse is cause for concern because it could adversely affect the environment and human health. Irresponsible use of antimicrobials can lead to antimicrobial resistance and result in the presence of unwanted residues in aquaculture products. The establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for antimicrobials is of great importance for monitoring their correct use, but the lack of harmonized standards as well as the regulatory gaps for the aquatic products create a challenging situation, as it is reflected in import notifications related to food safety. This paper collects information about current MRLs for antimicrobials in aquatic commodities in the main importing and exporting countries of aquatic products and compares them with each other and with MRLs set by Codex Alimentarius. This analysis highlighted the need for Codex Alimentarius guidance regarding MRLs for nine antimicrobials in aquaculture products (chlortetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, sulfadimethoxine + ormetoprim, sulfamerazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim). This paper shows that there is still work to do to implement exhaustive science‐based international standards for residues permitted in aquatic commodities and promote harmonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater crayfish is an important food item for a healthy diet and rich in nutrients. However, when cooked alone, it is not a food that consumers would prefer due to its neutral taste, and it is a food source that consumers cannot easily process. The main goal of this study is to prepare a food-safe, ready-to-eat product by seasoning freshwater crayfish meat with various dried vegetable mixtures and garlic oil using the sous vide cooking. As a result of the study, it was determined that thanks to sous vide cooking, it is possible for consumers to benefit from this valuable food source, which is difficult to process, in the ready-to-eat food industry. In addition to being juicy and delicious, it was possible to create safe food that is ready-to-eat and has a longer shelf life when cooked sous vide with various vegetable mixtures and garlic oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to food safety and human health. Rapid and sensitive detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 can effectively prevent food poisoning. Here, we developed a microwell-confined and propidium monoazide-assisted digital CRISPR microfluidic platform for rapid and sensitive detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food samples. The reaction time is significantly reduced by minimizing the microwell volume, yielding qualitative results in 5 min and absolute quantitative results in 15 min. With the assistance of propidium monoazide, this platform can eliminate the interference from 99% of dead Escherichia coli O157:H7. The direct lysis method obviates the need for a complex nucleic acid extraction process, offering a limit of detection of 3.6 × 101 CFU mL−1 within 30 min. Our results demonstrated that the platform provides a powerful tool for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and provides reliable guidance for food safety testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abuse of tetracycline (TC) has led to serious threats to human health and the environment. Therefore, the rapid and sensitive detection of tetracycline is of particular importance. Herein, we successfully synthesised a bimetallic nanozyme D-Fe/Co-MOF with oxidase activity and established a colourimetric sensor. The complex of Fe2+ in D-Fe/Co-MOF and TC can release hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and promote the oxidation of TMB. As a result, the colour of the detection system significantly changes, enabling the sensitive colourimetric detection of TC. Compared with the existing Fe/Co-MOF sensor, D-Fe/Co-MOF can effectively reduce the detection error caused by hydrogen peroxide decomposition, improving the accuracy of TC detection. Under the optimal conditions, the absorbance at 652 nm showed a good linear relationship with TC concentration in the range of 0.35–220 μg mL−1. The detection limit was as low as 0.0719 μg mL−1, considerably lower than the national safety standard. The proposed colourimetric sensor was also successfully used for the detection of TC in actual milk samples, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained via liquid chromatography. The proposed strategy for the detection of TC in food is expected to contribute to ensuring food safety and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose an emerging environmental risk impacting food products and ecosystems. This study analyzes over 150,000 entries from food safety authorities and scientific publications from 2017 onwards. Our findings show that fish & seafood, and biota have the highest PFAS concentrations due to environmental contamination and bioaccumulation. Surface water samples also frequently contain PFAS, raising concerns about long-term ecological and human health effects. Comprehensive strategies are essential to mitigate these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite recommendations to perform esophageal biopsies during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for esophageal food impaction to evaluate for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), endoscopists often forgo biopsies. There are minimal data on the risks of biopsies in this setting. Aims: To determine the safety of performing biopsies during EGD for food impaction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who presented to University of North Carolina Hospitals from 2014 to 2021 with endoscopically confirmed food impaction. Data were abstracted from the medical records. Baseline clinical characteristics, procedural details, and adverse events were compared between patients who did and did not undergo biopsy. Adverse events were classified as esophageal (mucosal tear, bleeding, perforation) or extra-esophageal (aspiration, respiratory compromise, hypotension, arrhythmia). Results: Of 188 patients who underwent EGD for food impaction, 73 (39%) had biopsies taken. Older and non-White patients were less likely to be biopsied. None of the Black patients had biopsies taken. Only 2 (2.7%) of the 73 biopsied patients had an adverse event, and neither was related to the biopsies. Patients who were biopsied were less likely to experience adverse events. There were no differences in re-admission, ICU admission, or 30-day mortality between patients who were and were not biopsied. Conclusions: Esophageal biopsies remain underperformed during EGD for food impaction, especially in certain patient populations. Esophageal biopsies at the time of food impaction are unlikely to cause adverse events. Safety concerns should not preclude biopsies, and biopsies should be performed in the absence of extenuating circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to know whether there is a risk of anisakiasis (or anisakidosis) by consumption of fish of the genus Mullus from the western Mediterranean Sea, which are appreciated for their quality, an epidemiological survey was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic nematodes in M. barbatus and M. surmuletus. Although the presence of the third larval stage (L3) of anisakids (Anisakis and Contracaecum) has been previously described in these fish, the results showed the absence of anisakids and the presence, never in muscle, of L3 and L4 of raphidascaridids of the genus Hysterothylacium, molecularly identified as H. fabri. Phylogenetic analysis groups them into the Mediterranean Sea clade, far from individuals isolated in the Pacific Ocean. Prevalence was slightly higher, but not significant, in M. barbatus versus M. surmuletus (72.3% vs 60.0%), but mean intensity (MI) and mean abundance (MA) parameters were approximately twice as high in M. barbatus as in M. surmuletus (MI 5.8 vs 2.8, p =.001; MA 4.2 vs 1.7, p <.001). The presence of the parasite seems to have different effects on these two sympatric species. In M. barbatus it seems to affect their growth, as it appreciably reduces the value of allometry coefficient in infected fish (2.78 vs. 2.18). On the other hand, in M. surmuletus the infection significantly (p <.04) affects the Fulton's condition factor, an indicator of the health status of the fish. It can be concluded that the ingestion of these fish by the people poses negligible risk of anisakiasis, but the consumer should continue to be urged to follow the rules of prevention against this illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LASs) with alkyl chains from C10 to C14 are the most commonly used anionic surfactants in household laundry. However, LAS toxicity toward agricultural soil further could be formed at a risk for fruits and vegetables grown on the land, so that to develop a sensitive and precise analytical technique for determination of trace residual sulfonates in vegetables is very important for health. This study developed a QuEChERS extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for analyzing LASs in vegetables and fruits. The best results were obtained using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent combined with 25 mg primary secondary amine and 25 mg graphitized carbon black as sorbents. The linearity ranged between 1 and 250 ng/mL as well as limit of quantification (LOQ) was obtained in the range of 0.01–0.23 ng/mL of the proposed analytical method. The proposed method was utilized to detect the real spinach samples and water spinach planted with LASs‐spiked water, and the results showed the trace LASs were detected with concentration between 1.8 and 29.1 ng/g. In this study, a thorough optimization and validation of different amount of sorbent cleanup efficiency approaches was performed for the first time for the analysis of LAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoassays have been widely used for the determination of various analytes in the fields of disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Dual-signal immunoassays are now advanced and integrated detection technologies with excellent self-correction and self-validation capabilities. In this work, we summarize the recent advances in the development of optical and electrochemical dual-signal immunoassays, including colorimetric, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, and photoelectrochemical methods. This review particularly emphasizes the working principle of diverse dual-signal immunoassays and the utilization of dual-functional molecules and nanomaterials. It also outlines the challenges and prospects of future research on dual-signal immunoassays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The poultry meat industry is a significant agri-food sector worldwide. Preslaughter operations are crucial as they impact animal welfare, meat quality, and food safety. Despite their importance, few studies focus on broiler preslaughter processes in hot environments. Effective planning, handling, and monitoring are essential to improve conditions and reduce stress, ensuring better meat quality and animal welfare. Poultry production faces significant challenges, including high feed prices, diseases, and thermal stress, which impact broiler welfare and productivity. Despite advances in cooling technologies and ventilation, preslaughter operations still lead to considerable losses. This review highlights the need for the improved management of thermal environments and animal logistics. Preslaughter operations typically involve fasting broilers for 8–12 h to reduce gastrointestinal contents and contamination. Following fasting, broilers are caught, crated, and transported. Stress levels vary based on distance and conditions, with manual catching often causing stress and injuries. Catching should occur during cooler periods to minimise these issues, and transport conditions must be carefully managed. Lairage, the waiting period after transport, should be kept short (1–2 h) in climate-controlled environments to avoid stress and deterioration. Proper handling and efficient unloading are essential to prevent injuries and reduce economic losses. Stunning methods, such as electronarcosis and a controlled atmosphere, aim to minimise suffering before slaughter, though practices vary culturally and religiously. Logistics and real-time monitoring technology are crucial for enhancing animal welfare during transportation. Effective planning and the optimisation of transport processes is vital for reducing stress and losses, especially with regard to rising global temperatures and production demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Trichinella spp. is a nematode parasite that causes Trichinellosis worldwide, a foodborne zoonotic disease. To ensure high standards in food safety, a Quality Management System (QMS) was implemented in Satellite Laboratories (SLs) performing meat inspection of Trichinella spp. in southern Spain. The study analyzed how deviations from standard procedures may affect risk levels using Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA). Data were collected from audits of 18 SLs in Cordoba and Seville over six years. It was found that technical deviations, such as incorrect tests or calculations and failure to follow procedures, significantly increased risk levels. These deviations caused up to a 1.150-fold increase in risk levels, indicating their critical impact on risk determination. However, deviations related to records and documents, such as incomplete or erroneous data, did not significantly influence risk levels. The results emphasize the need to improve Trichinella spp. control strategies by addressing critical deviations in technique, trial information, and quality assurance to mitigate associated risks. Trichinellosis is a major foodborne zoonotic disease responsible for 41 human cases, according to the European Union One Health Zoonoses Report. In southern Spain, a quality management system (QMS) was applied to satellite laboratories (SLs) that conduct meat inspections of Trichinella spp. ensuring excellence practices. This study aimed to determine how eventual deviations from standard procedures may influence risk levels using Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA). Data were collected during slaughterhouses and game handling establishments' official audits in 18 SLs located in the provinces of Cordoba and Seville during a 6-year period. Technical requirement deviations regarding technique and trial information, such as performing tests or calculations incorrectly or not following technical procedures, significantly increased risk level differences. Imminent risk levels were detected if the above-mentioned deviations arose. Quality assurance compromising deviations were responsible for 1150 times risk level differences, suggesting finding such may be critical for risk determination. A lack of significant influence of records and documents compromising deviations (incomplete forms or missing-erroneous or illegible data) was found. These results strengthen Trichinella spp. control strategies by pinpointing crucial aspects within QMS that require improvement, particularly in addressing deviations related to technique, trial information, and quality assurance procedures to mitigate associated risks effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetoelastic biosensors have emerged as a promising technology for the sensitive and label-free detection of a wide range of biological analytes. These biosensors use the magnetoelastic effect, which describes how the mechanical properties of magnetostrictive materials change in response to a magnetic field. This effect is utilized to detect biological analytes by immobilizing specific recognition elements, such as antibodies or nucleic acids, on the magnetoelastic material's surface. The binding of target analytes to the recognition elements induces a mass change, leading to a shift in the resonance frequency of the magnetoelastic material. Magnetoelastic biosensors find applications across various fields, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. In medical diagnostics, they offer rapid and sensitive capabilities for detecting pathogens, biomarkers, and toxins. For environmental monitoring, they demonstrate the ability to detect pollutants and heavy metals. Furthermore, in ensuring food safety and quality, magnetoelastic biosensors detect allergens, pathogens, and contaminants effectively. Ongoing research and technological advancements suggest that these biosensors hold great potential for revolutionizing various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety, contributing to improved disease diagnosis, environmental protection, and public health. This review article provides an overview of the principles, fabrication methods, diagnosis, bacterial density, food, and agricultural applications of magnetoelastic biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxins are common contaminants in food and feed in Africa, and their occurrence presents negative health and economic impacts. One step towards control is the adoption of highly efficient extraction methods for effective monitoring. QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) has gained popularity among researchers for multiple mycotoxin analyses. Various modifications of the original QuEChERS method have emerged as means to achieve maximum mycotoxin recoveries from different matrices, such as cereals, animal feed, nuts, edible oils, and spices. This review provides a summary of the occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in Africa as well as a summary of the QuEChERS modifications done to increase the extraction of mycotoxins from food and feed samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text discusses the issue of excessive sodium in processed foods in the US and its negative impact on health, particularly for racial and ethnic minority groups. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken steps to reduce sodium, including setting voluntary targets for the industry. Data from 2022 show that about 40% of the targets set in 2021 had already been reached or were close. The FDA has issued new voluntary sodium reduction targets, which, if achieved, would reduce sodium intake to about 2750 mg/day. The FDA's efforts are part of a broader initiative to reduce diet-related diseases and promote health equity. The text also includes research articles on various topics related to food science and technology, such as preserving the quality of winter jujubes and using d-allulose as a low-calorie alternative in sponge cake. These articles provide valuable insights for the food industry. [Extracted from the article]

Most Americans exceed the recommended limit for sodium in their diet, a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Efforts have been made by the food industry and government agencies to reduce the sodium content in foods and encourage the consumption of lower sodium diets. Such efforts, however, are not successful in improving public health when consumers do not accept and consume lower sodium foods. This review article provides an overview of the strategies that have been used by the US food industry to reduce and replace sodium in consumer packaged goods, as well as future sodium reduction strategies and approaches for replacing sodium with potassium salts. Challenges in consumer acceptance regarding the reduction of sodium in foods are also discussed. Because of the widespread consumption of numerous sodium‐containing consumer packaged goods, implementing future strategies in various aspects of salt reduction and potassium replacement in foods should have a profound impact on the health of Americans. Practical Application: New information is provided herein as it discusses the most current and collective perspectives of major food industry successes and challenges, as well as government strategies to decrease sodium intake. The information provided also addresses future strategies for reducing sodium content in foods, increasing potassium intake, and consumer acceptance of lower sodium foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. Antimicrobial-resistant infections are on the rise and are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Infants and children are affected by transmission of antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic pathogens through the food supply, direct contact with animals, environmental pathways, and contact with infected or colonized humans. Although the judicious use of antimicrobial agents is necessary for maintaining the health and welfare of humans and animals, it must be recognized that all use of antimicrobial agents exerts selective pressure that increases the risk of development of resistance. This report describes historical and recent use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, reviews the mechanisms of how such use contributes to development of resistance and can adversely affect child health, and discusses US initiatives to curb unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The urgent investigation of antimicrobial films is imperative to mitigate the proliferation of pathogens in food, extending product shelf life and ensuring food safety, crucial aspects for public health and the sustainability of the global food system. We developed cassava starch‐based films containing 1% and 2% biogenic selenium nanoparticles (Bio‐SeNPs) produced by enterocin MF5 to assess antimicrobial activity. The addition of Bio‐SeNPs altered the luminosity and gave a reddish hue to the films. UV–visible, FTIR, and thermogram analyses revealed intermolecular interactions between the starch and Bio‐SeNPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed a smooth and homogeneous surface of the nanocomposite films. Water vapour permeability ranged from 9.4 to 0.68 g mm h−1 m−2 kPa−1, lower than control values. Swelling values were higher in the film containing 1% Bio‐SeNPs, and water vapour transmission was lower. The films exhibited MICs of 5.5 μL mL−1 for Listeria spp., 10.9 μL mL−1 for Salmonella spp., and 250 μL mL−1 for Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial activity ranged from 1.5–1.9 log and 1.6–2.0 log in liquid medium and dry film, respectively, after 24 h. The films were also applied to cherry tomatoes without altering their characteristics compared to the positive control. Our study demonstrated the high potential of using Bio‐SeNPs in biodegradable films to prevent food contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Implementing proactive and effective policy tools is essential for governments to manage food safety risks. Existing studies have overlooked the synergistic effects among policy tools for governing food safety risks in China. This study uses policy tool synergy to develop a quantitative model to evaluate the degree of synergy among policy tools for food safety risk governance by considering its vertical, horizontal, and temporal dimensions. Using the Top2Vec topic model and text mining techniques, we examined 558 policy documents implemented by the central and six provincial governments. The findings reveal that China's food safety risk governance system has established a collaborative mechanism, with the Administration for Market Regulation, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Health Commission playing crucial roles in policy implementation. Vertical and horizontal synergies between the upper and lower levels of government and among departments at the same level are crucial for enhancing comprehensive synergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Persistent bacteria are subset of cells capable of surviving bactericidal treatments longer. They originate in response to environmental stressors and show a longer lag phase compared to the rest of the population they are part of. Impact of persistent cells on food safety and role of common food preservation techniques in their formation are still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether osmotic stress induces formation of persistent cells in Listeria monocytogenes capable of resisting longer during cooking cycle of pork sausages. Lag‐phase duration at single‐cell level of a strain grown in 6%‐NaCl broth using image processing software was first investigated. Then, trend of the strain inactivation curve was evaluated in experimentally contaminated pork sausages cooked at 65 °C for 11 min. Results showed that salt triggers the formation of persistent cells characterised by a longer lag phase and increased heat resistance, posing a concern especially for ready‐to‐eat foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]