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Dyslexia is theorised to be caused by phonological deficits, visuo-attentional deficits, or some combination of the two. The present study contrasted phonological and visuo-attentional theories of dyslexia using a lexical decision task administered to adult participants with and without dyslexia. Homophone and pseudo-homophone stimuli were included to explore whether the two groups differed in their reliance on phonological encoding. Transposed-letter stimuli, including both TL neighbours and TL non-words, measured potential orthographic impairment predicted by visuo-attentional deficit theories. The findings revealed no significant difference in response time or accuracy between the groups for the homophone and pseudo-homophone stimuli. However, dyslexics were significantly slower and less accurate in their responses to the TL stimuli than controls. Thus, dyslexics presented deficits consistent with visuo-attentional theories, but not with the phonological deficit theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On Zero Discrimination Day, it is crucial to recommit to full adoption and advancement of Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) as a fundamental approach to ending stigma and discrimination [...]

Through the Healthy for Life® program, virtual cook-along classes using budget-friendly recipes were provided for Hamtramck, Michigan, residents who are preparing family meals. The following Healthy for Life® experiences were delivered: Healthy Ingredient Swap, Whole Grain Hacks, Sauté, Simmer, & Steam, and Chopped Salad Competition. Our goals were to 1) recruit community participants; 2) deliver Healthy for Life® experiences in an engaging and fun manner; 3) promote healthy choices and improve the health of Hamtramck residents; and 4) support our community partner, Detroit Friendship House. The goals of the project were met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banglatown area of Hamtramck, Michigan is home to Bangladeshi Americans (26% of the population) and has a 49.1% poverty rate. There are no supermarkets in Hamtramck; however, there are many small food stores. The NEMS-CS tool was used to assess 21 food stores. Of the stores surveyed, 33% of offered 3 or more fruits and vegetables. Thirty-six percent offered brown rice and almost half offered dried legumes. Stores scored poorly on all three categories included in the NEMS-CS score: availability, quality, price. Results of the study contribute to the knowledge base about healthy food availability in urban Bangladeshi communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Human milk being widely recommended as the gold standard of infant feeding by many medical and health organizations. Topics include nursing people, breastfeeding protected against breast cancer, improving birth spacing, and protecting against ovarian cancer and Type 2 diabetes; and socioeconomic backgrounds breastfed at lower rates and factors such as lack of support and acceptance, language, and literacy barriers.

The article reevaluates the use of and assumptions on generational labels in the legal profession and calls for ways to phase out these labels in order to keep civility and professionalism. Arguments discussed are illegitimacy of generational labels due to absence of demographic reasoning and changing generational groupings, fallacious and over-generalized stereotypes associated with generational labels, and lack of discernible value of generational beliefs used among peers or in the workplace.

MAP: Courtesy of the author Show Up Hard: A Road Map for Helpers in Crisis, by Shannon Weber, MSW I Show Up Hard: A Road Map for Helpers in Crisis i is an intimate, interactive conversation between Weber and her readers, whom she addresses with the assumption that we are all leaders. "We return again and again to the basics of the Show Up Hard practice", Weber writes in conclusion. [Extracted from the article]

Many studies have attempted to identify the root cause of dyslexia. Different theories of dyslexia have proposed either a phonological, attentional, or visual deficit. While research has used eye-tracking to study dyslexia, only two previous studies have used the moving-window paradigm to explore the perceptual span in dyslexic reading, and none have done so in visual search. The present study analysed the perceptual span using both reading and visual search tasks to identify language-independent attentional impairments in dyslexics. We found equivocal evidence that the perceptual span was impaired in dyslexic reading and no evidence of impairment in visual search. However, dyslexic participants did show deficits in the visual search task, with lower search accuracy and shorter saccades compared with controls. These results lend support for a visual, rather than attentional or phonological, account of dyslexia., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Human milk is associated with positive short- and long-term health outcomes. Women's choice to breastfeed is influenced by personal, social, health, and economic factors. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted health care delivery, non-emergent health care services, and family lifestyles, primarily in the early months of 2020. The aim of this study was to determine if breastfeeding initiation rates differed during a global pandemic among women in the military health care system., Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional chart review study. We compiled all birthing event health records from March to August in 2019 and 2020 from a single military medical center. Of the 2,737 maternal-infant dyads available, 1,463 met complete inclusion criteria and were analyzed to determine associations between delivery year, maternal and infant characteristics, and initial feeding methods. Institutional research approvals were obtained from the university and medical center institutional review boards., Results: There was no significant association between breastfeeding initiation rates and delivery year (X2(1) = 2.898, P = .089). Some maternal and infant characteristics significantly associated with the feeding method in the logistic regression model and differed by delivery year. Black women were 1.9 times less likely to initiate breastfeeding compared to White women; this disparity became more pronounced in 2020. Multiparous mothers, those who gave birth via cesarean section, and those at earlier gestational ages (32-37 weeks) were less likely to initiate breastfeeding. Models differed by delivery year, with only Black race and cesarean birth significantly impacting the overall model in 2020. Maternal age, military status, military rank, marital status, birth complications, and infant gender were not associated with the feeding method., Conclusions: Overall breastfeeding initiation rates did not differ during the COVID-19 pandemic when rates in 2020 were compared to those in the year prior. Race, birth method, parity, and gestational age were associated with breastfeeding initiation rates in women cared for at military centers., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2024. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.)