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Migration brings with it an ethical and legal challenge to which it is increasingly complex to provide answers. From these pages emerges a philosophy of migration that takes the form of a true hermeneutics of the interhuman bond. The contribution aims to offer a vision of the migration phenomenon not as a problem of reception but as a starting point from which to reflect on the categories of otherness and in particular on the figure of the foreigner thanks to the study of some of the major philosophers (Heidegger, Jullien, Ricœur) who have expressed themselves on the themes of identity, hospitality and translation understood as a hermeneutic paradigm between different cultural worlds.

Copyright of Romanistisches Jahrbuch is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to present the challenges of research into sculptural production attributed to enslaved Africans in Brazil in the 19th century. Considering enslaved Africans as cultural subjects, it is possible to consider other ways of understanding foreignness from this production of sculptures, but recognizing that this condition of "African foreigner" is different from other forms of foreignnes in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hotel franchise contract in the HoReCa field is of particular importance from the point of view of the development of this network, of increasing the profitability of the business of both contracting parties, respectively of the franchisor and the franchisee. The interpretation of the clauses resulting from this contract, specific to this domain of activity, implicitly generates a series of disputes. This article provides an overview of the clauses specific to this type of contract as well as the alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR) used in the case of disputes resulting from the international hotel franchise contract and, in particular, of mediation and arbitration. The article also presents considerations regarding legal solutions adapted to online platforms, in particular regarding the ADR method of online mediation (ODR).

This article offers an original interpretation of Otherness and Foreignness concepts, based on the peculiarities and challenges of intercultural helping relationships. In the social work discourse, the concepts of 'Otherness' and 'Foreignness' are core, often mentioned in a non-relational way adopting legal and administrative logics that involuntarily reproduce one-sided dynamics and borders between insider and outsider, Self and Other, and helper and helpee. The initial conceptual point of the paper is the recognition that each helping relationship starts with a reciprocal state of foreignness in which nobody is a foreigner by definition. Instead, at the beginning, each is foreigner to the other. Otherness, mutual foreignness, and sharing are the defining factors of social work relationships. This theoretical contribution can inspire educators, practitioners, and researchers in stimulating insights, challenging unethical misconceptions, and revisiting personal and societal representations about people from migration background, overcoming barriers for social work practice and education purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Gérard Genette, frame narratives are one of few reliable textual markers of fictionality. While very different from the corpus studied by Genette, al-Tanūkhī's (d. 384/994) compilation al-Faraj baʿd alshidda includes many anecdotes featuring at least one instance of narrative framing, as well as many more anecdotes told on a single narrative level (after the usual introductory chain of transmitters). As such, the compilation presents a good case study for the link between fictionality and narrative levels in a premodern Arabic context. On the strength of many examples drawn from the compilation, this article describes three uses of frame narratives in the Faraj and argues that even if some of the compiled material thematizes questions of reports' plausibility (rather than "fictionality"), narrative levels are not a reliable marker of stories considered to be more implausible. One use of the frame narrative in the Faraj is indeed in addressing a report's plausibility (1), but other anecdotes achieve this without any such framing. Moreover, frame narratives also take on other functions whereby they neither flag nor are reliably associated with a story's lesser plausibility. Such functions include anchoring a story's narration within a familiar situation and highlighting the message of a narrative by setting up parallels between its different levels (2). Another function is to negotiate the incorporation of less familiar voices and content, remote in social milieu or geography from al-Tanūkhī's life, into the world of the compilation (3). These different uses show that frame narratives are not reliable markers of fictionality in the Faraj, and that they were not artificially affixed onto the Faraj's less plausible plots. Instead, they served different functions, introducing a wide variety of content and shaping the reception of stories by questioning their plausibility, yes, but also by exploiting and manipulating readers' expectations, and by pushing the limits of spaces and perspectives incorporated into the Faraj's overall message of deliverance after hardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a pioneering study, Lev-Ari and Keysar (2010) observed that unknown statements are judged less credible when uttered with foreign accent compared to native accent. This finding was interpreted in terms of processing fluency; when intelligibility is reduced, the credibility of the message decreases. Here, we use the illusory truth paradigm to explore how accent affects credibility. In a between-participant design, participants were exposed to unknown statements uttered by native-accented or foreign-accented speakers. After a distractor task, the same statements were presented with new statements, and participants assessed their truthfulness. Truthfulness ratings were higher for repeated statements than for new statements, replicating the illusory truth effect. Contrary to the processing fluency hypothesis, the effect was similar in both the foreign-accented and native-accented speech groups. A new group of participants rated the speakers' voices on various social traits. A negative bias against foreign speakers was observed. However, this negative-bias did not affect truth ratings.The impact of foreign-accented speech on message credibility is discussed in the context of two factors, processing fluency and out-group stereotype activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Papers of Hungarian Studies / Hungarologiai Kozlemenyek is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mostariensia: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is the property of University of Mostar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art Inquiry is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soap operas have been shown to play a key role in the production of national publics. Yet what happens if the lifestyles and actors they feature are distinctly not national? This article examines the role of foreign (Mexican, Turkish, Brazilian) soap operas in producing new national imaginations in Morocco. Through an ethnography of Plug-In studios, the Casablanca recording studio where these soap operas are dubbed in colloquial Moroccan Arabic (Darija), I explore the discomfort experienced by studio employees (translators, voice actors, sound engineers) when laminating this highly local language onto visibly foreign bodies. Through an analysis of discussions between employees, I show how they negotiate this discomfort by bifurcating the national language into two registers: a neutral register that could plausibly be spoken by anybody; and a "real" register that indexes ethnic Moroccanness. This bifurcation, I argue, produces new possibilities for imagining foreigners as part of the Moroccan nation, while simultaneously keeping them at arm's length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article sets out to investigate the rendering of cultural elements in the process of poetry translation, an undertaking that is a strenuous one, given the constraints of form. It looks into and illustrates the many layers of Seamus Heaney's poetry, pointing at the profusion of allusions to cultural aspects that are embedded in the texts, and that ask the translator to decide whether to "foreignize" or "domesticate" the text. These extratextual features that a translator needs to consider are imbricated with the various textual elements, generating effects that are difficult to replicate in translation, making similarity of effect all the more difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hotel franchise contract in the HoReCa field is of particular importance from the point of view of the development of this network, of increasing the profitability of the business of both contracting parties, respectively of the franchisor and the franchisee. The interpretation of the clauses resulting from this contract, specific to this domain of activity, implicitly generates a series of disputes. This article provides an overview of the clauses specific to this type of contract as well as the alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR) used in the case of disputes resulting from the international hotel franchise contract and, in particular, of mediation and arbitration. The article also presents considerations regarding legal solutions adapted to online platforms, in particular regarding the ADR method of online mediation (ODR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FORUM is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines Lewis Carroll’s Alice through the cultural glass of the Arabic translations of Alice in Wonderland by Amira Kiwan (2003), Shakir Nasr Al Deen (2012), Siham Bint Saniya (2013), and Nadia Al Kholy (2013), and of Through the Looking-Glass by Siham Bint Saniya (2013). It seeks to explore the engagement of several issues of language and meaning, and of foreignness and otherness, in both Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass with the aid of a simultaneous examination of how key moments in the works are translated into Arabic. This exploration, in a crossdisciplinary study that combines both close-reading post-colonial literary analysis and Venuti’s identification of domestication and foreignization as strategies of translation, sheds light both on the original works or source texts (STs) and on the translations or target texts (TTs) that transmit them to their respective Egyptian, Jordanian, and Moroccan Arab readers. The Alice that emerges is a divided one, simultaneously both language learner and guardian of the rules of language, explorer-foreigner and imperialist, vulnerable child, and tyrannical queen. In the TTs there is also a split between literary sophistication and playful childhood nonsense, difficult post-colonial text and celebration of local childhood culture. Further, the TTs are treated by their translators as at once entertaining childhood adventure domesticated to local tastes and also as complex literary allegory whose political sourcetext is preserved and adjusted for a more sophisticated adult target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers Elisabethains: A Biannual Journal of English Renaissance Studies is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper seeks to explore three modes of cultural identification presented in Kiran Desai’s "The Inheritance of Loss". With three intersecting plotlines, the novel focuses on three divergent modes of cultural identification in different spatio-temporal contexts. The first kind of cultural identification is imbued with a sense of foreignness, exemplified by the judge, Jemubhai, whose cultural identity is deeply shaped by imperialist ideology during British colonization of India. As Indian culture is negated by the colonial power, Jemubhai adheres to English cultural identification and disavows his Indianness. The second mode of cultural identification revolves around the issue of cultural authenticity in the diasporic context for Biju, a young migrant, illegal worker in various restaurants in New York. To survive in a foreign country, Biju forces himself to transgress cultural borders, which disconcerts Biju and further prompts him to pursue cultural authenticity. The third mode highlights Sai’s and Gyan’s trajectories of cultural identification. Just as Sai, Jemubhai’s granddaughter, embodies the idea of in-betweenness, Gyan, Sai’s math tutor, manifests the desire to escape narrow nationalism. Both Sai and Gyan evoke the potential of crossing borders. Juxtaposing the three modes of cultural identification, Desai’s novel explores the process of negotiating cultural identity and gestures towards a field of border-crossing identity.

During the Late Bronze Age, Syria was mostly dominated by the larger powers of the ancient Near East—Mitanni (the Hurrians), the Hittite Empire, and Egypt. The ancient city of Ugarit yielded numerous texts and artifacts that attest to the presence of foreigners and their influences on local religious traditions. Textually, the best-preserved influences are those of Hurrian origin, although these were probably promoted thanks to the Hittites, who incorporated many Hurrian deities and cults. Hurrian traditions thus influenced both Ugaritic cults and divine pantheons. Egyptian influences, in contrast, are observable mostly in art and material evidence. Art of Egyptian origin was considered prestigious and because of that was prominently seen in trade and international exchange gifts, but it also entered the religious sphere in the form of cultic statues and ex-voto gifts for deities. Egyptian art was also often imitated by local artists. The same can be said of art from the Mediterranean area. Some evidence suggests that foreigners actively related to local traditions as well. Ritual tablets from Ugarit (namely KTU3 1.40 and its variants) illustrate that there were always frictions in a multicultural/national society. These tablets also indicate that such frictions could have been dealt with through ritual action, and thus emphasize the role religion played. The city of Ugarit is used in this paper to illuminate some processes that can be observed in the whole of ancient Syria. Nevertheless, every site has its own outcome of interactions with other cultures.

In modern Turkish, the apostrophe is used to separate proper names from inflectional endings (İzmir’de ‘in İzmir’). This is not the case with inflected common nouns (şehirde ‘in the city’). In this respect, the apostrophe constitutes an instance of graphematic dissociation between proper names and common nouns. Interestingly, the apostrophe was originally employed to transliterate hamza and ayn in Arabic and Persian loanwords (san’at ‘art’). However, these loanwords gradually lost the apostrophe (sanat ‘art’). This implies that Turkish experienced a graphematic change whereby the apostrophe developed from a phonographic marker of glottal stop into a morphographic marker of morpheme boundaries in proper names. This refunctionalization process is illustrated by a diachronic corpus analysis based on selected issues of the newspaper Cumhuriyet from 1929–1975. The findings reveal that the use of the apostrophe with proper names was triggered by foreignness. More specifically, the apostrophe first occurred with foreign names to highlight morpheme boundaries (Eden’in ‘of Eden’) and then expanded to native names via animacy (Doğan’ın ‘of Doğan’).

The aim of the article was to examine how a regional portal tells the stories about the Ukrainian migrants living in Lower Silesia. The objective of the research was the articles with the headlines in which the lexeme “Ukrainian” is present. The chronological scope covered media statements published on www.gazetawroclawska.pl in 2019. The previous research on the linguistic image of an Ukrainian in the Polish language led to the conclusion that Polish-Ukrainian relations are strongly historically conditioned and often inscribed in a three-part opposition: an Alien – Other – A Local boy. As a result of content analysis, typical headline constructions were decoded, announcing texts about Ukrainians on the website of “Gazeta Wrocławska”. The dominant functions of headlines, the linguistic means used there, the lemmas with the highest frequency and the stereotypes were determined. Referring to the issue of familiarity and foreignness and noticing the ethno-stereotypes about the Ukrainians in the analysed media messages, a diversified image of Ukrainian migrants was reestablished – presented as victims, a threat but also an opportunity.

Stanislav Struhar, nowadays one of the most productive contemporary Austrian authors, has published 12 works so far. The main themes of his works include the integration of a migrant who loses and finds his home, the associated language change, the search for happiness in the new home or the conscious rejection of the traumatic past. This also corresponds to the fact that the main characters in almost all of his prosaic works are migrants or their descendants. Stanislav Struhar also shows that love and language are of particular importance for the integration of migrants into the foreign milieu. The article analyzes the ambivalent character of migration experiences and the positioning of migrants in foreign society using the example of the novels Das Manuskript (2002), Eine Suche nach Glück (2005) and the volume of short stories Fremde Frauen (2013). In the first work the main characters are confronted with physical violence, in other two works it is more about the migrants’ feelings of foreignness, stereotypes and prejudices, with which they are confronted. In this context, the attitude of the protagonists towards the language, both the foreign language and their mother tongue, should also be emphasized.

The purpose of this article is to explore foreignness as a condition of social climbing in the French 16th century. Demetrios Palaiologos was a Greek interpreter, merchant and officer who served King Francis I of France between 1533 and 1560. His life is still largely ignored by the historiography. Demetrios first acted as a broker between the French and Ottoman diplomacy in the 1530s, serving the French as an intercessor and diplomatic agent. Thanks to these first activities, Demetrios stayed at the king’s service and settled himself in Paris as a curial officer of His Majesty and a Parisian bourgeois by marriage into an influential family, the Vitrys. There, Demetrios was identified alternately as a bourgeois, a merchant, an officer, and, sometimes, as a Greek, but never as a foreigner. This work shows that the classic historiography, which conceptualizes the building of Modern state in Modern Europe as an administrative process of rationalization by the power of the Prince, must be discussed. Indeed, when the French kings wanted to negotiate with the Ottomans, they couldn’t find any interpreter. So Francis I and his successors chose to employ some people who were not really their subjects but were coming from Eastern Mediterranean, being for sale as brokers. These people, like Demetrios Palaiologos, served their masters and themselves. As an interpreter, Demetrios succeeded to serve the king, enter the French Court, and get money. As an officer at the Court, he got influence… and money. As a merchant, he got influence on the Parisian Bourgeoisie... and money. As a rich man, Demetrios Palaiologos had become a man of (soft) power. This case must be understood as the first example of the Greeks’ influence in Northwestern Europe’s societies, which can be associated with the concept of state building. This issue remais rather understudied.

The paper deals with the broad concept of strangeness in the literary work of Anna Mitgutsch, a contemporary Austrian writer. The topic of strangeness is a keynote in her rich literary output. Mitgutsch’s experience of being abroad (travelling to the Middle East and south-east Asia, living and working in Israel, England, Korea and The USA) is refl ected in such novels as Das andere Gesicht, In fremden Städten or Abschied von Jerusalem. Her characters are nomads, people looking for identity and homeland, trying to escape alienation. The feeling of being a stranger is also present in their relations with the loved ones. The paper provides an analysis of the images of strangeness in Die Züchtigung (1985) and Die Annäherung (2016).

Volatility regarding negotiated subject positions features prominently in Hemingway’s works. Yet, his portrayal of Hungarians in the vignette of Chapter VIII and the short story entitled “The Revolutionist” (both found in the collection of In Our Time, 1925) underlines 1920s America’s unwillingness to modify preconceived stereotypes about the “other.” Both stories have attracted considerable attention among scholars who have analyzed these texts from such perspectives as political ideology and the arts. Aiming to fill a gap in literary criticism, I shall examine the narrative representation of stereotypical approaches to the Hungarian minority with emphasis on societal expectations set by white, Anglo-Saxon, middle-class men in the United States during the 1920s. The values they propagated in society illustrate that the Roaring Twenties was an openly discriminatory decade in which ignoring and sometimes literally attacking the “other” for deviating from the prescribed norms of the era was acceptable. Anxiety about the “other” uncovers a great deal of national insecurity; America’s battle with foreigners merges into a battle with itself.

The innovation-performance literature has failed to make a distinction between the effects of incremental and disruptive innovation on multinational enterprise (MNE) performance. The understanding of the role of foreignness has overemphasized the negative side. From the institutional anomie theory perspective, this study investigates how foreignness, which consists of national culture, industrial competition, and innovative national capacity, affects the relationship between disruptive innovation and MNE performance. We illustrate the distinctiveness between incremental and disruptive innovation and then build a conceptual model to show the moderating role of foreignness on the innovation-performance link. The model suggests that foreignness provides contextual conditions under which the relationship between disruptive innovation and MNE performance is either strengthened or impeded. Also, firm-level cultural intelligence (CQ) can help MNEs to overcome the negative effects of foreignness, as well as enhance its positive effects. Propositions are discussed for further research.

As global players, multinational product and corporate brands are known to have an advantage over local competitors. Although foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) increasingly compete against domestic MNCs, particularly in economically strong countries, little is known about (1) whether foreign MNCs can use their globalness to their advantage and (2) how the perceptions of foreign versus domestic MNCs drive consumer behavior. To examine this issue, the authors propose a framework based on accessibility-diagnosticity theory and test it using consumer data from countries in which leading foreign and domestic MNCs compete. The results show that perceived brand globalness enhances consumers' intentional loyalty toward MNCs indirectly by affecting the functional and psychological value these MNCs offer. The value-creation routes change according to firms' origins--that is, foreign MNCs translate globalness through functional and psychological value, while domestic MNCs translate globalness through psychological value. However, the benefits of being global and the value-creation routes for foreign (vs. domestic) MNCs differ between countries. Finally, high consumer ethnocentrism weakens--but does not completely erase--the effects of perceived brand globalness in all countries and interacts with MNCs' origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clivajes - Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contexto Revista Anual de Estudios Literarios is the property of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)