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1. Safety and efficacy of risdiplam in patients with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (FIREFISH part 2): secondary analyses from an open-label trial

Author

Masson, R., Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, M., Rose, K., Servais, L., Xiong, H., Zanoteli, E., Baranello, Giovanni, Bruno, C., Day, J. W., Deconinck, N., Klein, A., Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Vlodavets, D., Wang, Y., Dodman, A., El-Khairi, M., Gorni, K., Jaber, B., Kletzl, H., Gaki, E., Fontoura, P., Darras, B. T., Volpe, J. J., Posner, J., Kellner, U., Quinlivan, R., Gerber, M., Khwaja, O., Scalco, R. S., Seabrook, T., Koch, A., Balikova, I., Joniau, I., Accou, G., Tahon, V., Wittevrongel, S., De Vos, E., de Holanda Mendonça, R., Matsui, C., Fornazieri Darcie, A. L., Machado, C., Kiyoko Oyamada, M., Martini, J., Polido, G., Rodrigues Iannicelli, J., Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, J., Hu, C., Zhu, X., Qian, C., Shen, L., Li, H., Shi, Y., Zhou, S., Xiao, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, S., Sang, T., Wei, C., Dong, H., Cao, Y., Wen, J., Li, W., Qin, L., Barisic, N., Celovec, I., Galiot Delic, M., Ivkic, P. K., Vukojevic, N., Kern, I., Najdanovic, B., Skugor, M., Tomas, J., Boespflug-Tanguy, O., De Lucia, S., Seferian, A., Barreau, E., Mnafek, N., Peche, H., Grange, A., Trang Nguyen, D., Milascevic, D., Tachibana, S., Pagliano, E., Bianchi Marzoli, S., Santarsiero, D., Garcia Sierra, M., Tremolada, G., Arnoldi, M. T., Vigano, M., Dosi, C., Zanin, R., Schembri, V., Brolatti, N., Rao, G., Tassara, E., Morando, S., Tacchetti, P., Pedemonte, M., Priolo, E., Sposetti, L., Baranello G., Mercuri E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9851-5365), Masson, R., Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, M., Rose, K., Servais, L., Xiong, H., Zanoteli, E., Baranello, Giovanni, Bruno, C., Day, J. W., Deconinck, N., Klein, A., Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Vlodavets, D., Wang, Y., Dodman, A., El-Khairi, M., Gorni, K., Jaber, B., Kletzl, H., Gaki, E., Fontoura, P., Darras, B. T., Volpe, J. J., Posner, J., Kellner, U., Quinlivan, R., Gerber, M., Khwaja, O., Scalco, R. S., Seabrook, T., Koch, A., Balikova, I., Joniau, I., Accou, G., Tahon, V., Wittevrongel, S., De Vos, E., de Holanda Mendonça, R., Matsui, C., Fornazieri Darcie, A. L., Machado, C., Kiyoko Oyamada, M., Martini, J., Polido, G., Rodrigues Iannicelli, J., Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, J., Hu, C., Zhu, X., Qian, C., Shen, L., Li, H., Shi, Y., Zhou, S., Xiao, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, S., Sang, T., Wei, C., Dong, H., Cao, Y., Wen, J., Li, W., Qin, L., Barisic, N., Celovec, I., Galiot Delic, M., Ivkic, P. K., Vukojevic, N., Kern, I., Najdanovic, B., Skugor, M., Tomas, J., Boespflug-Tanguy, O., De Lucia, S., Seferian, A., Barreau, E., Mnafek, N., Peche, H., Grange, A., Trang Nguyen, D., Milascevic, D., Tachibana, S., Pagliano, E., Bianchi Marzoli, S., Santarsiero, D., Garcia Sierra, M., Tremolada, G., Arnoldi, M. T., Vigano, M., Dosi, C., Zanin, R., Schembri, V., Brolatti, N., Rao, G., Tassara, E., Morando, S., Tacchetti, P., Pedemonte, M., Priolo, E., Sposetti, L., Baranello G., and Mercuri E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9851-5365)

Abstract

Background: Risdiplam is an orally administered therapy that modifies pre-mRNA splicing of the survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene and is approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. The FIREFISH study is investigating the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in treated infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy versus historical controls. The primary endpoint of part 2 of the FIREFISH study showed that infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy attained the ability to sit without support for at least 5 s after 12 months of treatment. Here, we report on the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in FIREFISH part 2 over 24 months of treatment. Methods: FIREFISH is an ongoing, multicentre, open-label, two-part study. In FIREFISH part 2, eligible infants (aged 1-7 months at enrolment, with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy, and two SMN2 gene copies) were enrolled in 14 hospitals in ten countries across Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Risdiplam was orally administered once daily at 0·2 mg/kg for infants between 5 months and 2 years of age; once an infant reached 2 years of age, the dose was increased to 0·25 mg/kg. Infants younger than 5 months started at 0·04 mg/kg (infants between 1 month and 3 months old) or 0·08 mg/kg (infants between 3 months and 5 months old), and this starting dose was adjusted to 0·2 mg/kg once pharmacokinetic data were available for each infant. The primary and secondary endpoints included in the statistical hierarchy and assessed at month 12 have been reported previously. Here we present the remainder of the secondary efficacy endpoints that were included in the statistical hierarchy at month 24: the ability to sit without support for at least 30 s, to stand alone, and to walk alone, as assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition gross motor subscale. These three endpoints were compared with a performance criterion of 5% that was defined based on the natural his

Published
2022

2. Safety and efficacy of risdiplam in patients with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (FIREFISH part 2): secondary analyses from an open-label trial

Author

Riccardo Masson, Maria Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Kristy Rose, Laurent Servais, Hui Xiong, Edmar Zanoteli, Giovanni Baranello, Claudio Bruno, John W Day, Nicolas Deconinck, Andrea Klein, Eugenio Mercuri, Dmitry Vlodavets, Yi Wang, Angela Dodman, Muna El-Khairi, Ksenija Gorni, Birgit Jaber, Heidemarie Kletzl, Eleni Gaki, Paulo Fontoura, Basil T Darras, Joseph J Volpe, John Posner, Ulrich Kellner, Rosaline Quinlivan, Marianne Gerber, Omar Khwaja, Renata S Scalco, Timothy Seabrook, Armin Koch, Irina Balikova, Inge Joniau, Geraldine Accou, Valentine Tahon, Sylvia Wittevrongel, Elke De Vos, Rodrigo de Holanda Mendonça, Ciro Matsui Jr, Ana Letícia Fornazieri Darcie, Cleide Machado, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Joyce Martini, Graziela Polido, Juliana Rodrigues Iannicelli, Juliana Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, Chaoping Hu, Xiaomei Zhu, Chen Qian, Li Shen, Hui Li, Yiyun Shi, Shuizhen Zhou, Ying Xiao, Zhenxuan Zhou, Sujuan Wang, Tian Sang, Cuijie Wei, Hui Dong, Yiwen Cao, Jing Wen, Wenzhu Li, Lun Qin, Nina Barisic, Ivan Celovec, Martina Galiot Delic, Petra Kristina Ivkic, Nenad Vukojevic, Ivana Kern, Boris Najdanovic, Marin Skugor, Josipa Tomas, Odile Boespflug-Tanguy, Silvana De Lucia, Andrea Seferian, Emmanuel Barreau, Nabila Mnafek, Helene Peche, Allison Grange, Diem Trang Nguyen, Darko Milascevic, Shotaro Tachibana, Emanuela Pagliano, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Diletta Santarsiero, Myriam Garcia Sierra, Gemma Tremolada, Maria Teresa Arnoldi, Marta Vigano, Claudia Dosi, Riccardo Zanin, Veronica Schembri, Noemi Brolatti, Giuseppe Rao, Elisa Tassara, Simone Morando, Paola Tacchetti, Marina Pedemonte, Enrico Priolo, Lorenza Sposetti, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Alessandra Govoni, Silvia Gabriella Osnaghi, Valeria Minorini, Francesca Abbati, Federica Fassini, Michaela Foa, Amalia Lopopolo, Marika Pane, Concetta Palermo, Maria Carmela Pera, Giulia Maria Amorelli, Costanza Barresi, Guglielmo D'Amico, Lorenzo Orazi, Giorgia Coratti, Daniela Leone, Antonaci Laura, Roberto De Sanctis, Beatrice Berti, Naoki Kimura, Yasuhiro Takeshima, Hideki Shimomura, Tomoko Lee, Fumi Gomi, Takanobu Morimatsu, Toru Furukawa, Urszula Stodolska-Koberda, Agnieszka Waskowska, Jagoda Kolendo, Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek, Sandra Modrzejewska, Anna Lemska, Evgenia Melnik, Svetlana Artemyeva, Natalya Leppenen, Nataliya Yupatova, Anastasya Monakhova, Yulia Papina, Olga Shidlovsckaia, Elena Litvinova, Cornelia Enzmann, Elea Galiart, Konstantin Gugleta, Christine Wondrusch Haschke, Haluk Topaloglu, Ibrahim Oncel, Nesibe Eroglu Ertugrul, Bahadir Konuskan, Bora Eldem, Sibel Kadayifçilar, Ipek Alemdaroglu, Seher Sari, Neslihan Bilgin, Aynur Ayse Karaduman, Fatma Gokcem Yildiz Sarikaya, Robert J Graham, Partha Ghosh, David Casavant, Alexis Levine, Rachael Titus, Amanda Engelbrekt, Lucia Ambrosio, Anne Fulton, Anna Maria Baglieri, Courtney Dias, Elizabeth Maczek, Amy Pasternak, Shannon Beres, Tina Duong, Richard Gee, Sally Young, Masson, R., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Rose, K., Servais, L., Xiong, H., Zanoteli, E., Baranello, G., Bruno, C., Day, J. W., Deconinck, N., Klein, A., Mercuri, E., Vlodavets, D., Wang, Y., Dodman, A., El-Khairi, M., Gorni, K., Jaber, B., Kletzl, H., Gaki, E., Fontoura, P., Darras, B. T., Volpe, J. J., Posner, J., Kellner, U., Quinlivan, R., Gerber, M., Khwaja, O., Scalco, R. S., Seabrook, T., Koch, A., Balikova, I., Joniau, I., Accou, G., Tahon, V., Wittevrongel, S., De Vos, E., de Holanda Mendonca, R., Matsui Jr, C., Fornazieri Darcie, A. L., Machado, C., Kiyoko Oyamada, M., Martini, J., Polido, G., Rodrigues Iannicelli, J., Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, J., Hu, C., Zhu, X., Qian, C., Shen, L., Li, H., Shi, Y., Zhou, S., Xiao, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, S., Sang, T., Wei, C., Dong, H., Cao, Y., Wen, J., Li, W., Qin, L., Barisic, N., Celovec, I., Galiot Delic, M., Ivkic, P. K., Vukojevic, N., Kern, I., Najdanovic, B., Skugor, M., Tomas, J., Boespflug-Tanguy, O., De Lucia, S., Seferian, A., Barreau, E., Mnafek, N., Peche, H., Grange, A., Trang Nguyen, D., Milascevic, D., Tachibana, S., Pagliano, E., Bianchi Marzoli, S., Santarsiero, D., Garcia Sierra, M., Tremolada, G., Arnoldi, M. T., Vigano, M., Dosi, C., Zanin, R., Schembri, V., Brolatti, N., Rao, G., Tassara, E., Morando, S., Tacchetti, P., Pedemonte, M., Priolo, E., Sposetti, L., Comi, G. P., Govoni, A., Osnaghi, S. G., Minorini, V., Abbati, F., Fassini, F., Foa, M., Lopopolo, A., Pane, M., Palermo, C., Pera, M. C., Amorelli, G. M., Barresi, C., D'Amico, G., Orazi, L., Coratti, G., Leone, D., Laura, A., De Sanctis, R., Berti, B., Kimura, N., Takeshima, Y., Shimomura, H., Lee, T., Gomi, F., Morimatsu, T., Furukawa, T., Stodolska-Koberda, U., Waskowska, A., Kolendo, J., Sobierajska-Rek, A., Modrzejewska, S., Lemska, A., Melnik, E., Artemyeva, S., Leppenen, N., Yupatova, N., Monakhova, A., Papina, Y., Shidlovsckaia, O., Litvinova, E., Enzmann, C., Galiart, E., Gugleta, K., Wondrusch Haschke, C., Topaloglu, H., Oncel, I., Ertugrul, N. E., Konuskan, B., Eldem, B., Kadayifcilar, S., Alemdaroglu, I., Sari, S., Bilgin, N., Karaduman, A. A., Sarikaya, F. G. Y., Graham, R. J., Ghosh, P., Casavant, D., Levine, A., Titus, R., Engelbrekt, A., Ambrosio, L., Fulton, A., Baglieri, A. M., Dias, C., Maczek, E., Pasternak, A., Beres, S., Duong, T., Gee, R., and Young, S.

Subjects
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Pyrimidines, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, Settore MED/48 - SCIENZE INFERMIERISTICHE E TECNICHE NEURO-PSICHIATRICHE E RIABILITATIVE, Humans, Infant, Neurology (clinical), Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood, Azo Compounds, spinal muscular atrophy
Abstract

Background: Risdiplam is an orally administered therapy that modifies pre-mRNA splicing of the survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene and is approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. The FIREFISH study is investigating the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in treated infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy versus historical controls. The primary endpoint of part 2 of the FIREFISH study showed that infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy attained the ability to sit without support for at least 5 s after 12 months of treatment. Here, we report on the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in FIREFISH part 2 over 24 months of treatment. Methods: FIREFISH is an ongoing, multicentre, open-label, two-part study. In FIREFISH part 2, eligible infants (aged 1-7 months at enrolment, with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy, and two SMN2 gene copies) were enrolled in 14 hospitals in ten countries across Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Risdiplam was orally administered once daily at 0·2 mg/kg for infants between 5 months and 2 years of age; once an infant reached 2 years of age, the dose was increased to 0·25 mg/kg. Infants younger than 5 months started at 0·04 mg/kg (infants between 1 month and 3 months old) or 0·08 mg/kg (infants between 3 months and 5 months old), and this starting dose was adjusted to 0·2 mg/kg once pharmacokinetic data were available for each infant. The primary and secondary endpoints included in the statistical hierarchy and assessed at month 12 have been reported previously. Here we present the remainder of the secondary efficacy endpoints that were included in the statistical hierarchy at month 24: the ability to sit without support for at least 30 s, to stand alone, and to walk alone, as assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition gross motor subscale. These three endpoints were compared with a performance criterion of 5% that was defined based on the natural history of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy; the results were considered statistically significant if the lower limit of the two-sided 90% CI was above the 5% threshold. FIREFISH is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02913482. Recruitment is closed; the 36-month extension period of the study is ongoing. Findings: Between March 13 and Nov 19, 2018, 41 infants were enrolled in FIREFISH part 2. After 24 months of treatment, 38 infants were ongoing in the study and 18 infants (44% [90% CI 31-58]) were able to sit without support for at least 30 s (p

Published
2022

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