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3. Early Life Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Nine European Population-Based Studies

Author

Forns, Joan, Verner, Marc-Andre, Iszatt, Nina, Nowack, Nikola, Bach, Cathrine Carlsen, Vrijheid, Martine, Costa, Olga, Andiarena, Ainara, Sovcikova, Eva, Høyer, Birgit Bjerre, Wittsiepe, Jürgen, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Ibarluzea, Jesus, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Toft, Gunnar, Stigum, Hein, Guxens, Mònica, Liew, Zeyan, and Eggesbø, Merete

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Mental Health, Pediatric, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Reproductive health and childbirth, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Breast Feeding, Caprylates, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Male, Milk, Human, Mothers, Population, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Environmental sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

IntroductionTo date, the evidence for an association between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is inconclusive.ObjectiveWe investigated the association between early life exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and ADHD in a collaborative study including nine European population-based studies, encompassing 4,826 mother-child pairs.MethodsConcentrations of PFOS and PFOA were measured in maternal serum/plasma during pregnancy, or in breast milk, with different timing of sample collection in each cohort. We used a validated pharmacokinetic model of pregnancy and lactation to estimate concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in children at birth and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. We classified ADHD using recommended cutoff points for each instrument used to derive symptoms scores. We used multiple imputation for missing covariates, logistic regression to model the association between PFAS exposure and ADHD in each study, and combined all adjusted study-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 399 children were classified as having ADHD, with a prevalence ranging from 2.3% to 7.3% in the studies. Early life exposure to PFOS or PFOA was not associated with ADHD during childhood [odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.06) to 1.02 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.11)]. Results from stratified models suggest potential differential effects of PFAS related to child sex and maternal education.ConclusionWe did not identify an increased prevalence of ADHD in association with early life exposure to PFOS and PFOA. However, stratified analyses suggest that there may be an increased prevalence of ADHD in association with PFAS exposure in girls, in children from nulliparous women, and in children from low-educated mothers, all of which warrant further exploration. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5444.

Published
2020

7. Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in Europe

Author

Forns, Joan, Sunyer, Jordi, Garcia-Esteban, Raquel, Porta, Daniela, Ghassabian, Akhgar, Giorgis-Allemand, Lise, Gong, Tong, Gehring, Ulrike, Sørensen, Mette, Standl, Marie, Sugiri, Dorothee, Almqvist, Catarina, Andiarena, Ainara, Badaloní, Chiara, Beelen, Rob, Berdel, Dietrich, Cesaroni, Giulia, Charles, Marie-Aline, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Estarlich, Marisa, Fernandez, Mariana F., Forhan, Anne, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., Korek, Michal, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lertxundi, Aitana, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Markevych, Iana, de Nazelle, Audrey, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Pérez-Lobato, Rocío, Philippat, Claire, Slama, Rémy, Tiesler, Carla M.T., Verhulst, Frank C., von Berg, Andrea, Vrijkotte, Tanja, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Heude, Barbara, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, Tiemeier, Henning, Forastiere, Francesco, Pershagen, Göran, Brunekreef, Bert, and Guxens, Mònica

Published
2018

8. Green spaces and cognitive development in primary schoolchildren

Author

Dadvand, Payam, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Esnaola, Mikel, Forns, Joan, Basagaña, Xavier, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Rivas, Ioar, López-Vicente, Mónica, De Castro Pascual, Montserrat, Su, Jason, Jerrett, Michael, Querol, Xavier, and Sunyer, Jordi

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Mental health, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Child, Cognition, Environment, Humans, Memory, Spain, neurodevelopment, greenness, cognition, built environment, school
Abstract

Exposure to green space has been associated with better physical and mental health. Although this exposure could also influence cognitive development in children, available epidemiological evidence on such an impact is scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to green space and measures of cognitive development in primary schoolchildren. This study was based on 2,593 schoolchildren in the second to fourth grades (7-10 y) of 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain (2012-2013). Cognitive development was assessed as 12-mo change in developmental trajectory of working memory, superior working memory, and inattentiveness by using four repeated (every 3 mo) computerized cognitive tests for each outcome. We assessed exposure to green space by characterizing outdoor surrounding greenness at home and school and during commuting by using high-resolution (5 m × 5 m) satellite data on greenness (normalized difference vegetation index). Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the associations between green spaces and cognitive development. We observed an enhanced 12-mo progress in working memory and superior working memory and a greater 12-mo reduction in inattentiveness associated with greenness within and surrounding school boundaries and with total surrounding greenness index (including greenness surrounding home, commuting route, and school). Adding a traffic-related air pollutant (elemental carbon) to models explained 20-65% of our estimated associations between school greenness and 12-mo cognitive development. Our study showed a beneficial association between exposure to green space and cognitive development among schoolchildren that was partly mediated by reduction in exposure to air pollution.

Published
2015

9. Antidepressant use in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and Sweden between 2009 and 2014: Incidence and comorbidities of antidepressant initiators

Author

Forns, Joan, Pottegård, Anton, Reinders, Tammo, Poblador-Plou, Beatriz, Morros, Rosa, Brandt, Lena, Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel, Hellfritzsch, Maja, Schink, Tania, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Giner-Soriano, Maria, Hägg, David, Hallas, Jesper, Cortés, Jordi, Jacquot, Emmanuelle, Deltour, Nicolas, Perez-Gutthann, Susana, Pladevall, Manel, and Reutfors, Johan

Published
2019
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11. Risk of Acute Liver Injury in Agomelatine and Other Antidepressant Users in Four European Countries: A Cohort and Nested Case–Control Study Using Automated Health Data Sources

Author

Pladevall-Vila, Manel, Pottegård, Anton, Schink, Tania, Reutfors, Johan, Morros, Rosa, Poblador-Plou, Beatriz, Timmer, Antje, Forns, Joan, Hellfritzsch, Maja, Reinders, Tammo, Hägg, David, Giner-Soriano, Maria, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel, Hallas, Jesper, Brandt, Lena, Cortés, Jordi, Aguado, Jaume, Perlemuter, Gabriel, Falissard, Bruno, Castellsagué, Jordi, Jacquot, Emmanuelle, Deltour, Nicolas, and Perez-Gutthann, Susana

Published
2019
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14. Contributors

Author

Babar, Zaheer Ud-din, primary, Balbino, Jaime Espín, additional, Forns, Joan Rovira, additional, González, Claudia Vaca, additional, Grootendorst, Paul, additional, Hasan, Syed Shahzad, additional, Hollis, Aidan, additional, Hussain, Rabia, additional, Iyengar, Swathi, additional, Kos, Mitja, additional, Raju, Priyanka Konduru Subramani, additional, Schneider, Peter, additional, Suleman, Fatima, additional, van den Ham, Rianne, additional, Vogler, Sabine, additional, and Zimmermann, Nina, additional

Published
2019
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20. Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive and Psychomotor Development: Six European Birth Cohorts

Author

Guxens, Mònica, Garcia-Esteban, Raquel, Giorgis-Allemand, Lise, Forns, Joan, Badaloni, Chiara, Ballester, Ferran, Beelen, Rob, Cesaroni, Giulia, Chatzi, Leda, de Agostini, Maria, de Nazelle, Audrey, Eeftens, Marloes, Fernandez, Mariana F., Fernández-Somoano, Ana, Forastiere, Francesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Ghassabian, Akhgar, Heude, Barbara, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Klümper, Claudia, Kogevinas, Manolis, Krämer, Ursula, Larroque, Béatrice, Lertxundi, Aitana, Lertxuni, Nerea, Murcia, Mario, Navel, Vladislav, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Porta, Daniela, Ramos, Rosa, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Slama, Rémy, Sørensen, Mette, Stephanou, Euripides G., Sugiri, Dorothea, Tardón, Adonina, Tiemeier, Henning, Tiesler, Carla M. T., Verhulst, Frank C., Vrijkotte, Tanja, Wilhelm, Michael, Brunekreef, Bert, Pershagen, Göran, and Sunyer, Jordi

Published
2014

34. Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial

Author

Julvez, Jordi, primary, Gignac, Florence, additional, Fernández-Barrés, Silvia, additional, Romaguera, Dora, additional, Sala-Vila, Aleix, additional, Ranzani, Otavio T., additional, Persavento, Cecilia, additional, Delgado, Anna, additional, Carol, Albert, additional, Torrent, Jaume, additional, Gonzalez, Judith, additional, Roso, Eduard, additional, Barrera-Gómez, Jose, additional, López-Vicente, Mónica, additional, Garcia-Esteban, Raquel, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Forns, Joan, additional, Burgaleta, Miguel, additional, Sebastián, Nuria, additional, Canals, Josefina, additional, Arija, Victoria, additional, Basagaña, Xavier, additional, Ros, Emilio, additional, Vendrell, Joan, additional, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, additional, and Sunyer, Jordi, additional

Published
2021
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42. Physical Activity and Cognitive Trajectories in Schoolchildren.

Author

López-Vicente, Ménica, Forns, Joan, Esnaola, Mikel, Suades-González, Elisabet, Álvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Robinson, Oliver, Júlvez, Jordi, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, and Sunyer, Jordi

Subjects
AIR pollution, ANALYSIS of variance, COGNITION, ECOLOGY, LONGITUDINAL method, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests, PROBABILITY theory, QUESTIONNAIRES, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, EXERCISE intensity, PHYSICAL activity, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, MANN Whitney U Test
Abstract

Purpose: The evidence regarding the role of physical activity (PA) habits on cognitive development in children is still scarce. Our study aimed to assess the association between PA habits and cognitive growth patterns, including working memory (WM) and inattentiveness in a large sample of primary schoolchildren. Method: This study included 2,897 children between 7 and 10 years old. WM was measured using the n-back task (2-and 3-back) and inattentiveness was measured using the attentional network task (ANT) on four occasions during one year. Parents completed a questionnaire with data about the extracurricular exercise of their child, commuting to school and other sociodemographic information at the first visit. Results: Exercising twice per week or more was associated with better 2-back, 3-back and inattentiveness scores at baseline, as compared with the once per week or less category. Active commuting for more than 50 min was associated with better 3-back scores at baseline, as compared with passive commuting. No consistent associations were found between PA and cognitive growth. Conclusion: Overall, although children with high levels of PA performed better in cognitive tasks at baseline, PA levels had no clear effects on cognitive growth trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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47. Effects of prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution on corpus callosum and behavioral problems in children

Author

Mortamais, Marion, primary, Pujol, Jesus, additional, Martínez-Vilavella, Gerard, additional, Fenoll, Raquel, additional, Reynes, Christelle, additional, Sabatier, Robert, additional, Rivas, Ioar, additional, Forns, Joan, additional, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, additional, Alemany, Silvia, additional, Cirach, Marta, additional, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, additional, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, additional, and Sunyer, Jordi, additional

Published
2019
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50. Traffic-related air pollution, noise at school, and behavioral problems in Barcelona schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study

Author

Forns, Joan, Dadvand, Payam, Foraster, Maria, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Rivas, Ioar, Lopez-Vicente, Monica, Suades-Gonzalez, Elisabet, Garcia-Esteban, Raquel, Esnaola, Mikel, Cirach, Marta, Grellier, James, Basagana, Xavier, Querol, Xavier, Guxens, Monica, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., and Sunyer, Jordi

Subjects
Child behavior -- Analysis, Air pollution -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Elementary school students -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Noise control -- Analysis, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: The available evidence of the effects of air pollution and noise on behavioral development is limited, and it overlooks exposure at schools, where children spend a considerable amount of time. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) and noise at school on behavioral development of schoolchildren. METHODS: We evaluated children 7-11 years of age in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) during 2012-2013 within the BREATHE project. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (N[O.sub.2]) were measured at schools in two separate 1-week campaigns. In one campaign we also measured noise levels inside classrooms. Parents filled out the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to assess child behavioral development, while teachers completed the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder criteria of the DSM-IV (ADHDDSM-IV) list to assess specific ADHD symptomatology. Negative binomial mixed-effects models were used to estimate associations between the exposures and behavioral development scores. RESULTS: Interquartile range (IQR) increases in indoor and outdoor EC, BC, and N[O.sub.2] concentrations were positively associated with SDQ total difficulties scores (suggesting more frequent behavioral problems) in adjusted multivariate models, whereas noise was significantly associated with ADHD-DSM-IV scores. CONCLUSION: In our study population of 7- to 11-year-old children residing in Barcelona, exposure to TRAPs at school was associated with increased behavioral problems in schoolchildren. Noise exposure at school was associated with more ADHD symptoms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409449, Introduction There is a growing body of evidence on associations between pre- and postnatal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) and adverse impacts on cognitive development in children (Block and [...]

Published
2016
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