118,777 results on '"Fossil Fuels"'
Search Results
2. University-Industry Joint Program in Energy Management Education.
- Author
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Kolat, Pavel, Noskievic, Pavel, and Novacek, Alexej
- Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of energy and its association with the modern economy. Presently, 40% of Europe's electricity needs are based on coal. Preparing a clean energy technology requires improvements in conventional steam cycle technology. Education plays an important role in energy use, and universities need to organize education with regard to energy efficiency. Because of the importance of energy to society, it is necessary to introduce advanced information into energy education programs. (YDS)
- Published
- 1998
3. Environmental Assessment and (FONSI) Winnett School District Boiler Replacement Project.
- Author
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Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
An analysis is presented of the environmental impacts of replacing the Winnett School District's existing oil-fired heating system with a new coal-fired heating system with funds provided from a grant under the Institutional Conservation Program. The report first covers the background and need for action, along with the alternative actions considered. This is followed by a description of the existing environment, including the air and water quality, ecological resources, floodplains and wetlands, land use, visual and recreational resources, and historic and archaeological resources. Next, the environmental effects of the proposed action on these areas are addressed, including noise, safety and health, and transportation. Appendices include figures, and state and federal agency correspondence regarding the project. (Contains 17 references.) (GR)
- Published
- 1993
4. Our Changing Future: An Integrated Plan in Social and Natural Science.
- Author
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Schwarm, Monica M.
- Abstract
With the current supply of fossil fuels slowly diminishing, the people of the 21st century will face a drastic change in their lives. If students become aware of the problem now, they will be able to participate in the technological and social innovations that the depletion of fossil fuel supplies will demand of society in the future. This unit plan is designed to be a thought provoking experience that will make students aware of the problem and encourage them to create innovations that will help accommodate the changes that the depletion of fossil fuels will cause. Upon completion of the lesson, the students will be able to explain fossil fuels, their sources, uses, changes that will occur because of the depletion of the supply, and innovations that could be made as a result of the depletion. The unit's five lessons begin with an introduction on fossil fuels. Students then separate into groups and brainstorm about the effects of fossil fuel depletion. Each group selects one effect for which it devises a solution. Groups brainstorm about their solutions and decide how to create models of their solutions for presentation to the class. Time is allotted for the groups to work on the projects. On the last day of the unit groups present their projects orally to the class. (Author/LBG)
- Published
- 1992
5. Measuring Molecules.
- Author
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Dujari, Anuradha and Bosse, Michael J.
- Abstract
Discusses the polluting effects of petroleum products. Introduces an activity for measuring the molecules of oleic acid that integrates mathematics and science. (YDS)
- Published
- 2000
6. Heavy Duty and Industrial Alternative Fuel Applications. Forklift and Material Handling. Alternative Fuels Training.
- Author
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Eckert, Doug and Casto, Lori
- Abstract
This training manual is designed to lay the foundation for trainers and technicians by showing the steps to achieve and maintain good indoor air quality through use of cleaner-burning forklifts and materials handlers. The first part of the manual consists of nine units that provide informational material and diagrams on these topics: comparison of gaseous fuels to gasoline; fuel system operation; propane tanks; compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinders; fuel system components; health and safety; fueling; maintenance and repair; and exhaust emissions. A glossary is provided. The second part of the manual contains a suggested agenda for a 2-day course covering the material. A one-page lesson plan called instructor notes is provided for each unit as well as the following: introductions, pretests, definitions, summary and discussion, posttest, feedback and evaluations, and fast-breaking news. Instructor notes follow this format: time for the section, section title, objectives, content sequence, and media materials needed. The third part of the manual contains student activity sheets in this format: places for student name and date; objective; equipment required; safety requirements; procedure; and any necessary material. The final section consists of the pretest and posttest and answer sheets for the two tests. (YLB)
- Published
- 1997
7. Running on Oil.
- Author
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Henderson, Nancy
- Abstract
Discusses petroleum oil and its various uses from fuel to clothes, toys, and plastic. Includes a foldout with activities. (NB)
- Published
- 1995
8. Middle Level SS&C Energy Series.
- Author
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National Science Teachers Association, Arlington, VA., Crow, Linda W., and Aldridge, Bill G.
- Abstract
The project on Scope Sequence and Coordination of Secondary School Science (SS&C) was initiated by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) and recommends that all students study science every year and advocates carefully sequenced, well-coordinated instruction in biology, chemistry, earth/space science, and physics. This document represents a collaborative effort between the NSTA, the American Petroleum Institute (API), the California SS&C Project, and the Texas SS&C Project. These materials were developed through a brainstorming process that included industrial scientists, science teachers from different SS&C sites, and science educators. This book is divided into 3 sections. Section I, SS&C Overview, includes a description of the projects and a K-12 sequence of SS&C science. Section II, Texas SS&C Materials, includes the following: overview, environment, fueling around, and a materials list. Section III, California SS&C Materials, includes: overview, offshore oil drilling, petroleum in our daily lives, oil exploration, oil extraction, and environment, and an appendix. (JRH)
- Published
- 1995
9. Understanding Our Environment: Land.
- Author
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National Science Teachers Association, Arlington, VA., Callister, Jeffrey C., and Crampton, Janet Wert
- Abstract
Part of the Understanding Our Environment project that is designed to engage students in investigating specific environmental problems through concrete activities and direct experience, this unit introduces students to the idea of natural resources and focuses on resources found on land: minerals such as hematite and gypsum; rocks such as granite and limestone; fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and oil; and surface deposits such as soil, sand, and gravel. Students study characteristics of natural resources and sources of human-made materials, and learn how use of natural resources affects the environment. Objectives include: learning what types of materials, both natural and made by humans, are in the local environment; understanding how the land's natural mineral resources are identified, obtained, and used by humans; finding out the origin, composition, and sources of the materials in our environment; studying the development of landscape and special properties of soil; and considering what people can do about environmental damage caused when humans obtain natural resources from the land. (JRH)
- Published
- 1995
10. Petroleum, Convenience, & Automotive Marketing [Student Book and] Answer Book/Teacher's Guide.
- Author
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Texas Univ., Austin. Extension Instruction and Materials Center., Kozek,, and Faught, Suzanne G.
- Abstract
This student manual and answer book/teacher's guide focus on the industry-specific information and skills needed by students who plan to enter, or who may already be receiving, training in a petroleum-related business, such as a full-service gas station, convenience store, or automotive specialty service shop. The student manual contains 16 assignments divided into these parts: beginning one's training, gaining product knowledge, applying marketing concepts, and employment opportunities. Each assignment consists of a list of objectives, informational material, summary, and review questions. The answer book/teacher's guide contains the following: suggestions for using the publication for independent study and classroom instruction; assignments and objectives correlated with competencies identified by the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS); SCANS competencies and skills; and answers to the questions found at the end of each assignment. Additional learning activities are provided for each assignment. Each activity follows this format: objective, background, instructions, and all necessary information or examples. A series of brief summative quizzes with answer keys, one for each assignment, provides an alternate method of student assessment. (YLB)
- Published
- 1994
11. Reefs, Rigs, and Research.
- Author
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Soroka, Leonard G.
- Abstract
Describes an activity that shows how understanding a modern coral reef environment helps predict the location of old subsurface reefs that may contain oil. (PR)
- Published
- 1993
12. The Great Oil Spill Cleanup Contest.
- Author
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Hampton, Elaine
- Abstract
Presents an exciting way to acquaint students with current methods to clean up oil spills. Students also have the freedom to create new clean-up methods as they think through the problem and experiment to find effective solutions. (PR)
- Published
- 1993
13. What's Under Your Feet? Activity Book. Earth Science for Everyone.
- Author
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Geological Survey (Dept. of Interior), Reston, VA., Rubin, Penni, and Robbins, Eleanora I.
- Abstract
This profusely illustrated activity book helps students understand systems and cycles, how years change the look of the Earth, and how students can protect resources. The sections (and activities) in this book are: (1) The Earth (Introduction--View, Soil & Dirt); (2) Forces (Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, Mountain Building, Erosion, Volcanoes, Glaciers, River Power); (3) Measuring (Natural Layers, Ages & Stages, Measuring Time, Ocean Floor, Ground Water); (4) Mapping (Making Maps, Different Maps, Mapping Game, Geo Jobs, U.S. Map); (5) Geology (Fascinating Finds, Expedition Game, Weather: Outside; Pressure: Inside; Weathering; Minerals; Tools & Tests; Rock Hounds Game); (6) From the Ground (Yesterday's Resources, Today's Products, Precious Stuff, Dinosaurs, World of Fossils, Making Fossils); and (7) The World (World Geography, Curious Page, Rocks in Space, City/Country Geology, Recycling and Pollution, See in Metrics). (PR)
- Published
- 1992
14. Oil and Gas Exploration. A Five-Week Earth Science Module for Grades 7-12.
- Author
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Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Office of Special Programs and Continuing Education. and Barber, Marsha
- Abstract
Earth science education needs to be relevant to students in order to make them aware of the serious problems facing the planet. In an effort to insure that this need is meet, the Denver Earth Science Project has set as one of their goals the development of new earth science curriculum materials for teachers. This document provides a collection of activities developed and used by teachers to enhance the students' understanding of the earth sciences. The six units are entitled: (1) "Oil-What Is It Used For?"; (2) "Geography-Where Has Oil Been Found?"; (3) "Oil Generation"; (4) "What Is An Oil Field?"; (5) "Where Do You Look for Oil?"; and (6) "Gushers 'n Dusters (A Simulation Game)." (ZWH)
- Published
- 1992
15. A Petrochemical Primer.
- Author
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Martin, Amy
- Abstract
Informs the reader of the pervasiveness of petrochemicals in everyday life. Discusses the petroleum-to-petrochemical transformation at the refinery and issues related to how petroleum products will be utilized for fuel or nonfuel needs such as lubricants, computers, and medicine in the future. (MDH)
- Published
- 1991
16. Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect: A Problem Evaluation Activity.
- Author
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Brewer, Carol A. and Beiswenger, Jane M.
- Abstract
Describes exercises to examine the global carbon cycle. Students are asked to predict consequences of increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and to suggest ways to mitigate problems associated with these higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A comparison modeling exercise examines some of the variables related to the success or failure of agricultural systems. (PR)
- Published
- 1993
17. Think Tank.
- Author
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Governick, Heather and Wellington, Thom
- Abstract
Examines the options for upgrading, replacing, and removal or closure of underground storage tanks (UST). Reveals the diverse regulatory control involving USTs, the Environmental Protection Agency's interest in pursuing violators, and stresses the need for administrators to be knowledgeable about state and local agency definitions of regulated tanks. (GR)
- Published
- 1998
18. Geology: The Active Earth.
- Author
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National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC. and Braus, Judy
- Abstract
Ranger Rick's NatureScope is a creative education series dedicated to inspiring in children an understanding and appreciation of the natural world while developing the skills they will need to make responsible decisions about the environment. The topic of this issue is "Geology: The Active Earth." Contents are organized into the following sections: (1) "Earth on the Move," describing information and activities on the structure of the Earth, the theory of plate tectonics, and earthquakes and volcanoes; (2) "Rocks and Minerals," giving information and activities on rock and mineral composition, formation, and classification; (3) "Shaping the Landscape," providing information and activities on forces that wear down landforms and forces that build them up; (4) "Secrets of the Past," offering information and activities on how and where fossils form, what they tell about the past, and how scientists determine the ages of fossils; (5) "People and Geology," providing information and activities on the origins and uses of rocks, minerals, and fossil fuels, and some of the problems caused by their use; and (6) "Appendix," featuring bibliographic and other reference information. (WRM)
- Published
- 1987
19. Bill McKibben explains what individuals can do to win the climate fight. Together.
- Author
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McKenzie, Jessica
- Subjects
- *
RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- - Abstract
Bill McKibben, an environmental activist and writer, emphasizes the need for urgent action to address the climate crisis. He highlights the importance of political action in accelerating the transition to renewable energy and impeding the fossil fuel industry. McKibben calls for collective action and collaboration across generations to combat climate change. He also emphasizes the role of voting, holding elected officials accountable, media coverage, global partnerships, and financial investments in renewable energy. Despite the challenges, McKibben encourages individuals to join movements and work together to create change. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Sense of Place and Perceived Impacts in the Rural Industrialized Nexus: Insights for Sustainability Pathways.
- Author
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Jenkins, Jeffrey and Mccafferty, Deseret
- Subjects
Rural Industrial Development ,Sense of Place ,Sustainability ,Water-Energy-Food Nexus ,Agriculture ,California ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Humans ,Rural Population ,Fossil Fuels - Abstract
As representative of the water-energy-food nexus, fossil fuel development and industrial agriculture are rural industries that continue to expand and increasingly occur in the same areas. Being a top agricultural export county and the fossil fuel capital of California while ranking among the worst in the US for industrial pollution, Kern County is a poster child of rural nexus development and, thus, an essential place for initiating sustainability transitions. Such transitions rely on policy support and the adoption of methods by individuals and communities who may disagree with such changes. While sense of place and impact perceptions are recognized as playing critical roles in sustainability management, they have yet to be utilized in nexus research. A survey (N = 256) of the perceived impacts of nexus industries with place meaning and place attachment as possible drivers for perceptions was conducted in nexus industry pollution exposure risk zones. Factor analysis and bivariate correlations showed that place meaning and place attachment are drivers for perceptions while also being drivers for concern for changes in nexus industries. While perceptions of impacts indicated contested place meanings, participants strongly perceive the economy and environment as being in decline. To build support for sustainability policy, directing funds from Kern Countys renewable energy industry to local sectors of society, implementation of regenerative agriculture, cooperative management, and nurturing place meaning as aligned with natures restorative quality are important paths forward. These nexus management foci could strengthen place attachment, build trust in government, and repair environmental alienation.
- Published
- 2024
21. TACKLING METHANE: A BIG LEVER FOR A HUGE CHALLENGE.
- Author
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BITAR, FUZZY
- Subjects
- *
METHANE & the environment , *FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
The article presents a speech by Fuzzy Bitar, Senior Vice President, Health, Safety, Environment & Carbon, bp delivered at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China on March 18, 2024. He underscores the critical importance of reducing methane emissions in the transition away from fossil fuels. He highlights the significant role that China plays in global energy dynamics and emphasizes the need for collaboration and innovation to tackle methane emissions effectively.
- Published
- 2024
22. Health Effects of Fossil Fuel–Derived Endocrine Disruptors
- Author
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Woodruff, Tracey J
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Estrogen ,Pediatric ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Fossil Fuels ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Published
- 2024
23. Ni-MOF derived bimetallic nanoalloy: An excellent UOR electrocatalyst.
- Author
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Acharya, Animesh, Mandal, Koustav, and Chatterjee, Kuntal
- Subjects
- *
GREEN fuels , *HYDROGEN as fuel , *CLEAN energy , *CATALYTIC activity , *FOSSIL fuels , *MOLYBDENUM - Abstract
Urea Oxidation Reaction (UOR) has the potential to deal with two major concerns of the modern world, one is polluted wastewater and the other one is fossil fuel dependency, both contributing to global hazards. By efficiently splitting urea-rich wastewater via UOR, green Hydrogen energy can be generated with appropriate electrocatalysts, killing two birds with one stone. Herein, an efficient UOR active catalyst, Ni-C/MoO2 has been successfully synthesized by integrating Mo element with a Ni-MOF in elevated temperature within an inert atmosphere. The as-prepared catalyst exhibits a much higher UOR activity in 1M KOH solution mixed with 0.5M Urea, needing a potential of only 1.45 V to achieve a current density of 10mAcm−2, whereas without urea it requires 1.6 V to gain a similar current density. A very low Tafel slope of only 32 mV dec−1 indicates that the reaction rate drastically improves in the presence of urea compared to 122 mV dec−1 without it. The superior catalytic activity is explained by the enriched electronic structure of Nickel active sites by the introduction of Molybdenum dioxide, diminishing the charge transfer resistance and thereby accelerating the reaction rate. This work provides insights on the importance of UOR with properly designed electrocatalysts as a much-needed substitute for the energy-taxing OER for a greener but more importantly economical hydrogen society of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Iron Oxide-Molybdenum Di-sulfide composite for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction activity.
- Author
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Gan, Pijush K., Pal, Arnab, and Chatterjee, Kuntal
- Subjects
- *
GREEN fuels , *CHARGE transfer , *PRECIOUS metals , *FOSSIL fuels , *OVERPOTENTIAL , *ELECTROCATALYSTS - Abstract
In pursuance to achieve green future, electrochemical water splitting can be potential technology to address the global need to replace the polluting fossil fuels. In order to search non precious and non noble metal based electrocatalysts we successfully synthesized Iron Oxide-Molybdenum Di-sulfide (Fe2O3−MoS2) via two step facile synthesis route. Fe2O3−MoS2 exhibits significant lower overpotential, 202 mV, to drive 10 mA cm−2 current density and the value is superior to the individual components, Fe2O3 and MoS2. The low charge transfer resistance 13.9 Ω signifies the faster charge transfer at the electrolyte-catalyst-interface facilitating HER performance. The sample also shows good stability and durability under the acidic medium. The higher value (10.3 mFcm−2) of electrocatalytic double layer capacitance Cdl corresponding to Fe2O3−MoS2 composite further confirms the ample availability of electrocatalytic active sites. The study establishes a successful TMO –TMD composite as a potential candidate for HER performance in acidic medium and opens up new opportunities for finding proper electrocatalyst towards 'green hydrogen'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A brief review on biomass.
- Author
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Naidu, R. Pavan Kumar, Reddy, Damodhar, Gangadharam, E. V. M. V., Nuthan, K., Kumar, R. P. N. Sai, and Srinivas, V.
- Subjects
- *
FOSSIL fuels , *ENERGY consumption , *BIOMASS production , *ALTERNATIVE fuels , *TEMPERATURE effect - Abstract
Third-generation biomass has appeared as another alternative to first- and second-generation biomass for biohydrogen production. At present, its utilization is very less due to the many reasons that limit the hydrolysis efficiency during dark fermentation and photo fermentation process. To enhance the efficiency of microalgal biomass, it is important that aspects related to production and the following processes are elaborated. Increasing global energy demands have driven the utilization of renewable sources such as biomass. Biomass pyrolysis in the presence of a catalyst is one of the ways for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels or commodity chemicals. Most of the papers on biomass CP have concentrated on a summary of catalyst classification, properties, and performance based on product yields and oil quality. Mainly the information on biomass CP process effects of different reaction atmospheres has not been discussed in sufficient detail. This paper provides essential process factors and system structure of the lignocellulosic biomass CP with emphasis on process performance as bio-oils effective hydrogen to carbon ratios deoxygenation degree, carbon efficiency and energy efficiency. The maximum gasification energy efficiency and optimum temperature increased with the increase of biomass heating, value and decrease of moisture content. For 30% moisture content biomass and 25°C gasification agent, the maximum gasification energy efficiency is 71.06%. The results of biomass type, moisture content, and gasification agent temperature have effects on gasification energy efficiency, synthesis gas composition and its low heating value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Battery management system for analysing accurate real time battery condition using continual learning.
- Author
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Somusundram, Sneha and Devi, Vinta Sushila
- Subjects
- *
BATTERY management systems , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *ELECTRIC vehicle batteries , *LITHIUM-ion batteries , *FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
Continual learning is being used to improve the estimation of State of Charge (Soc) in lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. Accurate SOC estimation is essential for preventing issues such as overcharging and overcharging, which can damage batteries and reduce their lifespan. By using continual learning, the system will be able to adapt to changes in operational or environmental parameters over time, allowing it to continually improve its predictions. This will help to ensure that the SoC estimation remains accurate even as conditions change. Using a battery dataset to train the model will help to ensure that the system is based on real-world data and accurately reflects the behavior of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. This is important for ensuring that the system can provide reliable and accurate predictions. Overall, the project has the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of more accurate and reliable battery management systems for electric vehicles. This could help to increase the uptake of electric vehicles and reduce environmental pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. 1. Energy Overview
- Subjects
United States. Energy Information Administration ,Energy minerals ,Fossil fuels ,Business ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview (Quadrillion Btu) Production Fossil Nuclear Renewable Total Fuels (a) Electric Energy (b) Power 1950 Total 32.553 0.000 1.907 34.460 1955 Total 37.347 .000 1.821 39.168 [...]
- Published
- 2024
28. Green transportation and logistics: STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS: By understanding the challenges and opportunities in transitioning to a sustainable future, supply chain industry stakeholders can map a path forward
- Author
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Makkar, Sudhir
- Subjects
Transportation ,Logistics services ,Environmental degradation ,Energy minerals ,Fossil fuels ,International trade ,Climatic changes ,Economic growth ,Environmental sustainability ,Air pollution ,Logistics ,Natural resources ,International trade ,Business, general ,Business - Abstract
The transportation and logistics industries are a cornerstone of economic growth and global trade, facilitating the movement of goods and services across borders and continents. However, this vital sector's reliance [...]
- Published
- 2024
29. THE LAST DROP
- Author
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Purdon, James
- Subjects
British Petroleum Company PLC ,Corporate sponsorship ,Petroleum industry ,Energy minerals ,Fossil fuels ,Arts, visual and performing - Abstract
As the climate crisis deepens, cultural institutions are cutting ties with fossil fuel sponsors. But the relationship between artists and oil is more complex than it seems Since the first [...]
- Published
- 2024
30. Man In the Middle.
- Author
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Worland, Justin and Zorthian, Julia
- Subjects
FOSSIL fuels ,CLIMATE change conferences ,CLEAN energy ,CLIMATE change ,ECONOMIC change ,ESOTERICISM ,CONFLICT of interests - Abstract
The article discusses the role of Sultan Al Jaber, the CEO of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), in the upcoming U.N. climate conference (COP28) and the challenges he faces as an oil executive tasked with phasing down fossil fuels. Al Jaber acknowledges the need to reduce fossil fuel use but believes that the world is not yet ready to completely abandon oil and gas. He emphasizes the importance of private sector involvement and market-driven solutions in addressing climate change. Critics argue that Al Jaber's position represents a conflict of interest, but he maintains that his approach is based on realism and economic considerations. The success of COP28 and the broader efforts to fight climate change will depend on finding common ground between different stakeholders and changing the economic incentives for clean energy. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
31. A comparative study of energy routing algorithms to optimize energy transmission in energy internet.
- Author
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Hebal, Sara, Mechta, Djamila, Harous, Saad, and Louail, Lemia
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources , *ROUTING algorithms , *ENERGY industries , *FOSSIL fuels , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The growing depletion of fossil fuels has led to the use of distributed renewable energy sources. This shift has altered the grid structure from centralized to distributed, where energy flows from multiple sources through multiple paths, besides producing a more competitive and dynamic energy market, posing new problems to power system management. To tackle the issue of effectively utilizing renewable energy sources, the energy internet (EI) was developed, in which devices are connected by energy routers. Therefore, efficiently transmitting energy within the EI has become a prominent topic in research. Despite the existence of algorithms and reviews in the literature on energy routing, there is still a lack of a thorough and comprehensive comparison of these existing algorithms. This paper classifies current energy routers and discusses and categorizes energy routing algorithms based on their methods. Additionally, the paper conducts extensive simulations to compare several energy routing algorithms in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Indoor hydrogen dispersion with stratified filling: Can non-dimensional parameters relate dispersion characteristics across diverse applications?
- Author
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Vanlaere, Joren, Hendrick, Patrick, and Blondeau, Julien
- Subjects
- *
TIME series analysis , *ATMOSPHERIC density , *MOLE fraction , *WEATHER , *FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
Hydrogen, with its unique flammability characteristics, demands additional consideration due to its broader flammable range compared to fossil fuels. Its low density at atmospheric conditions results in significant buoyancy, mitigating risks in outdoor applications. In confined spaces, hydrogen releases can lead to flammable cloud formation. To study this problem, independent of its dimensions, a dimensional analysis is introduced based on Buckingham's Π -theorem. This work focuses on thirteen functional parameters, including mole fraction, time, release velocity, orifice diameter, reduced gravity, molecular mass diffusion, viscosity and geometric dimensions. Four dimensional scenarios are simulated and compared in this study, to assess the adequacy of the proposed non-dimensional approach. The setup involves a parallelepiped enclosure with a single release point. RANS simulations are conducted. The proposed non-dimensional formulation proves valuable for interpreting data and discussing practical applications. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of hydrogen filling regimes in confined spaces, offering insights for safety assessments and risk mitigation strategies. [Display omitted] • Functional parameters for hydrogen distribution are proposed. • Application of Buckingham's Π -theorem yields essential non-dimensional ratios. • RANS CFD-model used to simulate and discuss four similar scenarios. • Time series analysis of non-dimensional flammable volume reveals similarity. • Ratios and non-dimensional flammable volume enable dimension-independent safety analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Evaluation of radiological health risk caused by the use of fly ash in cement and concrete production and its storage.
- Author
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Turhan, Şeref and Jamasali, Yusof-den
- Subjects
- *
TUMOR risk factors , *RISK assessment , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *AIR pollution , *SOILS , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *HEALTH , *RADIATION , *FOSSIL fuels , *RADIOISOTOPES , *RADIOACTIVITY , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *OCCUPATIONAL exposure , *POLLUTANTS , *WATER pollution , *PARTICULATE matter , *POWER plants , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *INDUSTRIAL safety - Abstract
As a result of firing pulverized coal in thermal power plants, enormous amounts of fly ash (FA) are produced as industrial waste. The release into the atmosphere and storage of this industrial waste remains one of the major environmental problems that threaten human health by contributing to air, water, and soil pollution. The recovery and reuse of FA in the construction industry is the only economic solution to the existing problem. In this study, the potential radiological risk caused by the usage of FA in concrete and cement production as a main component and its storage in landfill sites was evaluated for people and works by estimating radiological parameters (activity concentration and alpha index, annual effective doses, and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks) based on activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA. Also, the radiological risk to the workers working in the FA landfill site was evaluated using the Residual Radioactivity Onsite 7.2 code. The average activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA samples from the Tunçbilek lignite coal-fired thermal power plant at Kütahya province of Turkey were measured as 417, 156 and 454 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. When using up to 35% by mass of FA in cement and concrete, the average values of the radiological parameters revealed that they were within the recommended safety limits. However, code estimations showed that a regular worker in FA storage would be exposed to a total effective dose rate greater than 3 mSv y−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Red algal evidence for a marine regression during closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Junggar Basin and its linkage to hydrocarbon generation.
- Author
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Zhang, Ruijie, Cao, Jian, Bian, Lizeng, Hu, Wenxuan, Xia, Liuwen, Zhang, Bin, Tang, Yong, and He, Wenjun
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY development , *SALT lakes , *OCEAN , *GLACIAL Epoch , *WATERSHEDS , *FOSSIL fuels ,PANGAEA (Supercontinent) - Abstract
The closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean was a significant geological event in northern Pangea during the Carboniferous-Permian. It had a significant effect on climate, biota, and environmental conditions of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age, and resulted in the development of vast energy resources. This paper reports on the first discovery of marine red algal fossils in the Junggar Basin and its linkage to hydrocarbon generation. Red algae occur mainly in the Fengcheng Formation (ca. 300 Ma) and provide direct fossil evidence for closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The red algal fossils contain well-preserved reproductive organs, such as cystocarps and carpospores. High concentrations of C27 steranes (C27 regular steranes/sum of C27–C29 regular steranes×100=14.30%–21.30%) and the marine biomarker 24-n-propylcholesterane (C30 diasterane [βα20S]/sum of C27–C30 diasteranes [βα20S]×100=1.15%–1.85%) were detected in the red-algae-bearing hydrocarbon source rocks. Thermal experiments that simulate hydrocarbon generation show that the oil generation potential of the red-algae-bearing source rocks is 363.71 mg g−1 total organic C. This result, combined with oil-source rock correlations, indicates these rocks contributed to the formation of oil and gas resources, particularly in the marginal areas of the depression. The lake basin inherited the water and biological conditions of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during a marine regression, which was an important factor in the development of these high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in an alkaline saline lake. The results advance our understanding of the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, interactions between the ocean and a lake during the deposition of terrestrial hydrocarbon source rocks, and whether red algae can effectively generate hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Evaluating the Environmental Impacts of Pretreatment and Nanoparticles in Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion Using Life Cycle Assessment.
- Author
-
Ajayi-Banji, Ademola, Pourhashem, Ghasideh, Rahman, Shafiqur, and Feng, Xiaoyu
- Subjects
- *
PRODUCT life cycle assessment , *CLEAN energy , *NANOPARTICLES , *ORGANIC wastes , *FOSSIL fuels , *ANAEROBIC digestion , *CORN stover , *CALCIUM hydroxide - Abstract
The yield of green energy from solid-state anaerobic co-digestion (SSAD) has recently been enhanced by incorporating innovative pretreatment methods and nanoparticles. However, the environmental consequences of employing new processes have not been fully examined. In this study, the environmental impacts of three high-methane-yielding scenarios including SSAD of corn stover blended with dairy manure (DM) denoted as (SYM1), calcium hydroxide-pretreated corn stover (CpCS) blended with DM (SYM2), and the CpCS blended with DM and nanoparticles (SYM3) were assessed and compared the baselines of solid-state and semi-solid-state anaerobic digestion using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The approach investigated the best management practices that would result in high methane yield and low environmental impact. Results of the life cycle assessment indicate the inclusion of calcium hydroxide and nanoparticle has minimal negative environmental impact. There was an environmental gain in GWP when corn stover was co-digestion with DM (SYM1) relative to DM mono-digestions (baselines) and the carbon footprint of SYM1 was less by more than 85% compared to SYM2 and SYM3. However, the large volume of untreated corn stover harnessed for SYM1 scenario resulted in over 75% fossil fuel depletion compared to the other scenarios. The surplus methane from the SYM3 (at least twofold of other scenarios and baselines) in conjunction with being the least with the environmental implication makes the scenario the most attractive option for on-farm practice capable of harnessing the growing organic waste volume. These outcomes can guide trade-off between pretreatment and nanoparticle application to reduce solid-state anaerobic digestion's negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Efficient enzymatic saccharification of agricultural wastes for the production of bioethanol, D-allulose and lactic acid.
- Author
-
Chang, Jihye, Song, Younho, Lee, Dae-Seok, Jegal, Eun Gyu, Nguyen, Dien Thanh, and Bae, Hyeun-Jong
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL wastes , *RENEWABLE natural resources , *FOSSIL fuels , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *ECONOMIC opportunities - Abstract
The demand for renewable resources to replace fossil fuels has increased. Fruit and agricultural wastes can be fermented to yield biofuels and biochemicals. However, the high cost of the feedstock and limitations of the catalytic process hinder the application of such wastes. Therefore, we aimed to develop an efficient enzymatic saccharification process, without pretreatment, for fruit and agricultural wastes. The conversion rate of the mixed agricultural wastes (MAW) to fermentable sugars was approximately 91 % after 24 h. The ethanol yield increased by 4.5 % after limonene removal. The D-allulose yield in the hydrolysate was 4.6 mg/mL at 4 °C and 3.3 mg/mL at 50 °C, whereas the fructose yield in the sugar medium was 13.2 mg/mL at 4°C, demonstrating a high conversion yield of 73.2 %. Lactic acid was produced at a conversion rate of approximately 67.4 %. Therefore, this study presents a novel approach of the biosynthesis of functional sugars and chemicals from waste biomass, introducing a cost-effective enzymatic saccharification process that bypasses pretreatment, thereby enabling the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and functional sugars and opening up a promising economic opportunity in the field. [Display omitted] • Fruit and agricultural waste can be fermented to yield biofuels and biochemicals. • Fruit and vegetable wastes do not require pretreatment prior to saccharification. • Bioethanol yield was approximately 84.9 % after removing limonene. • The yield of D-allulose in the hydrolyzate was 4.6 mg/mL at 4°C and 3.3 mg at 50°C. • Lactic acid was produced from hydrolysate with high conversion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Improved petrophysical characterization of Miocene deposits in south Tulamura anticline, India: An integrated geophysical and machine learning approach.
- Author
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Kumar, Pradeep, Narayan, Satya, Mishra, Ravindra, and Pratap, Birendra
- Subjects
- *
MACHINE learning , *PETROLEUM prospecting , *MIOCENE Epoch , *FOLDS (Geology) , *FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
With the high demand for fossil fuels, exploring the frontier areas for hydrocarbon reserves has become imperative. The recent discoveries in Gojalia, Sonamura, Baramura, and Sundalbari fields emphasize the need to explore additional anticlinal structures in Tripura for hydrocarbon exploration. Tulamura anticline (the study area) produced gas from Upper Bhuban, establishing hydrocarbon prospectivity in the northern part, but the southern part remains largely unexplored. An electro-log interpretation revealed the presence of sand facies deposited in a fining upward sequence, suggesting channel deposition. An integrated geophysical approach using seismic inversion and machine learning techniques was performed to delineate and characterize the litho-facies dispersal patterns in the Tulamura field. Spectral decomposition (12, 20 and 28 Hz) of stacked seismic data were RGB (red-green-blue) blended, revealing the southward striking channel geometry of the Bhuban Formation at a depth of 2220 m. The 3D P-impedance and Vp/Vs ratio volumes were estimated using the model-based pre-stack seismic inversion. Inversion results help discriminate among sand, shale and siltstone litho-facies. Petrophysical property (effective porosity) was predicted by combining the post-stack seismic attributes and well-log data using neural network modelling. The identified sand facies within the channel geometry exhibit relatively moderate to low P-impedance (9800–10600 m/s * gm/cm3), low Vp/Vs ratio (1.68–1.76), and moderately high effective porosity (8–13%) from surroundings, indicating favourable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations. Shale between channels and major faults can create favourable stratigraphic entrapment, while an upward fining sequence suggests an intact top seal. This study advocates an integrated approach involving geophysical inversion and machine learning to identify optimal conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation within sand facies, supported by structural and stratigraphic entrapment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The impact of energy poverty on the aggregate and disaggregate material footprints in BRICS.
- Author
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Villanthenkodath, Muhammed Ashiq, Mahalik, Mantu Kumar, Heshmati, Almas, and Lean, Hooi Hooi
- Subjects
- *
POVERTY , *KUZNETS curve , *FOSSIL fuels , *ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
This study aims to examine the impact of energy poverty on the aggregate and disaggregate material footprint components such as biomass, fossil fuel, metal ores and non-metallic minerals while considering the economic growth and tourism development during 2000–2014 for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). By applying econometric tools, the study confirms a positive and significant impact of energy poverty on aggregate material footprint and its components. The same finding has been reached for tourism development. Moreover, this study finds a U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for all indicators used for material footprints. Based on the findings, this study proposes a set of policies for energy poverty alleviation to attain a sustainable environment and inclusive economic growth in the BRICS region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Are research and development on energy efficiency and energy sources effective in the level of CO2 emissions? Fresh evidence from EU data.
- Author
-
Bilgili, Faik, Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel, Kuşkaya, Sevda, Alnour, Mohammed, Önderol, Seyit, and Hoque, Mohammad Enamul
- Abstract
Climate change and natural resource depletion have reinvigorated the relevance of technical advancements in energy efficiency, which has been emphasized by the Paris Climate Accord that includes a framework for carbon neutrality. In that effort, the governments have been allocating a considerable amount of budget shares to research and development relating to energy efficiency and green energy. Thus, this study primarily examines the impact and effectiveness of research and development on energy efficiency and energy sources (renewables and fossil fuels) on CO
2 emissions in the European region using a novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). Our data cover annual observations of 9 EU countries, including Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden, based on the period 1990–2021. Our empirical findings confirm that the U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve occurs across all quantiles at 1% significance levels. The findings reveal that energy consumption increases CO2 emissions across the lower to higher quantiles. We discover that (i) R&D on renewable energy cuts CO2 emissions just at the median and higher quantiles, (ii) R&D on Fossil Fuels decreases CO2 emissions just at the lower quantile, and (iii) R&D on Energy efficiency lowers CO2 emissions at both the median and higher quantiles. Therefore, empirical findings suggest that policymakers should maintain their incentives for energy efficiency R&D and renewable R&D to achieve sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Non-living politics.
- Author
-
Ferguson, Kennan
- Subjects
ANIMAL rights ,POLITICAL science ,CRYSTAL growth ,FOSSIL fuels ,BIOCHAR - Abstract
Political theory has long depended upon a clear boundary between life and non-life. Even work which emphasizes non-human beings (e.g., in animal rights, posthumanism or "new materialism") continues to reinforce the divide between the organic and the inorganic. This article undermines that division, highlighting marginal cases of life. The organicity of certain rocks and biochar, the growth of crystals, the machinic qualities of viruses: all point to an instability in the excluded middle between life and non-life. The article suggests alternative philosophical traditions to which political theory could turn—namely, panpsychism, hylozoism, and traditional animism—as conceptual and theoretical resources to examine these interstices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Role of Partnership Portfolios for Sustainability in Addressing the Stability-Change Paradox: Dong/Orsted's Transition From Fossil Fuels to Renewables.
- Author
-
Dzhengiz, Tulin, Henry, Leona A., and Malik, Khaleel
- Subjects
FOSSIL fuels ,PARADOX ,ENERGY industries ,SUSTAINABILITY ,RETROSPECTIVE studies - Abstract
This article investigates how firms address the stability-change paradox inherent in sustainability transitions through the maintenance and utilization of a portfolio of sustainability-oriented partnerships. Drawing on a retrospective case study of Dong/Ørsted, a Danish energy company, we demonstrate the varying manifestations of the stability-change paradox during different phases of the company's transition, influenced by both exogenous and endogenous factors. Furthermore, our findings reveal how Dong/Ørsted employed their partnership portfolio to implement diverse responses to manage the paradox. Based on these findings, we argue that partnership portfolios can serve as spatiotemporal pockets, enabling organizations to effectively address and leverage the temporal and spatial aspects inherent in sustainability paradoxes. In addition, we highlight how partnership portfolios facilitate sustainability transitions by creating and leveraging different forms of collaborative value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Hydrocracking of non‐edible vegetable oil and waste cooking oils for the production of light hydrocarbon fuels: A review.
- Author
-
Ratshoshi, Sharron, Mukaya, Hembe Elie, and Nkazi, Diakanua
- Subjects
EDIBLE fats & oils ,FOSSIL fuels ,HYDROCRACKING ,VEGETABLE oils ,COKE (Coal product) - Abstract
The high demand for biofuels by surfacing economies with environmental issues has resulted in a more in‐depth search for new biofuel feedstocks. Non‐edible oils have become the centre of investigation as biofuel feedstocks since they do not compete with food sources. This review evaluates hydrocracking as a biofuel production method and further elucidates different feedstocks, the effects of hydrocracking catalysts, and operating parameters to obtain optimum yields and selectivity of desired products. The bifunctional catalyst mechanism is also explained. The hydrocracking technique is found to be more advantageous than other biofuel production techniques such as transesterification and pyrolysis due to its ability to produce valuable products of better quality and with higher yields. Coke formation is one of the challenges faced by hydrocracking despite that it can be reduced by high hydrogen pressure; this will increase the cost of the entire process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A decentralized production approach to measure fuel performance of bus transportation systems.
- Author
-
Kushwaha, Shivam, Venkatesh, Anand, and Prawesh, Shankar
- Subjects
DATA envelopment analysis ,CARBON emissions ,FOSSIL fuels ,BUS industry ,ECONOMIC impact ,BUS transportation - Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive measure of fuel performance, considering economic and environmental factors using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study uses decentralized production approach, modeling two technology specifications, one with abatement and one without. The study focuses on the Indian public bus transport industry, treating carbon emissions as bad outputs with joint disposability alongside fossil fuels. Additionally, it examines fuel performance drivers through bootstrapped truncated regression. The findings reveal that maintenance practices and vehicle age negatively affect fuel performance, with the latter showing a non‐linear influence. As fuel prices rise, bus company managers increasingly adopt fuel‐saving practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Maximum flow‐based formulation for the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations.
- Author
-
Parent, Pierre‐Luc, Carvalho, Margarida, Anjos, Miguel F., and Atallah, Ribal
- Subjects
INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations ,SATISFACTION ,FOSSIL fuels ,QUALITY of service - Abstract
With the increasing effects of climate change, the urgency to step away from fossil fuels is greater than ever before. Electric vehicles (EVs) are one way to diminish these effects, but their widespread adoption is often limited by the insufficient availability of charging stations. In this work, our goal is to expand the infrastructure of EV charging stations, in order to provide a better quality of service in terms of user satisfaction (and availability of charging stations). Specifically, our focus is directed towards urban areas. We first propose a model for the assignment of EV charging demand to stations, framing it as a maximum flow problem. This model is the basis for the evaluation of user satisfaction with a given charging infrastructure. Secondly, we incorporate the maximum flow model into a mixed‐integer linear program, where decisions on the opening of new stations and on the expansion of their capacity through additional outlets is accounted for. We showcase our methodology for the city of Montreal, demonstrating the scalability of our approach to handle real‐world scenarios. We conclude that considering both spacial and temporal variations in charging demand is meaningful when solving realistic instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Biodiesel from fats: Fatty acid feedstock as a circular economy solution.
- Author
-
Varma, Payal, Otageri, Jyoti, and Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian
- Subjects
EDIBLE fats & oils ,PETROLEUM as fuel ,FOSSIL fuels ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,VEGETABLE oils - Abstract
The burning and utilization of fossil fuels contribute to climate change and emit pollutants that raise the risk of asthma, heart diseases, respiratory diseases, and strokes in humans. There is an unprecedented rise in the use of petroleum fuel, consequently, increasing the concern over fossil fuel utilization. To overcome this burning problem, there is an urgent need to switch to biofuels, which are an attractive alternative to petroleum fuel. Biofuels are renewable, nontoxic, sulfur-free, cost-effective energy sources that can be derived from the fatty acids found in plant oils via transesterification, esterification, and catalytic cracking techniques. This review focuses on the feedstocks as well as their fatty acid composition used to produce the first two out of the four generations of biofuel and reports up-to-date information on the differing reaction conditions involved in these processes. Various types of feedstocks, reactors, catalysts, and production techniques are used to produce biofuels which are discussed in this article. An emphasis has been put on the fatty acids of edible and non-edible oils and their usage to produce biodiesel with a discussion of the in-depth knowledge of properties as well as the applications of biofuels in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Performance of renewable and non-renewable exchange-traded funds during heightened uncertainty.
- Author
-
Valadkhani, Abbas
- Subjects
EXCHANGE traded funds ,ALTERNATIVE investments ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,FOSSIL fuel industries ,FOSSIL fuels ,INTERNATIONAL markets - Abstract
This study adopts a composite threshold model that differentiates between the upside and downside betas of the major US-based renewable and non-renewable exchange-traded funds (ETFs) during heightened uncertainty. It is found that downside betas for both renewable and non-renewable energy ETFs are significantly greater than upside betas. However, in a highly uncertain market, renewable energy ETFs tend to enjoy higher upside gains than the fossil-fuel ETFs. The results suggest that renewable energy ETFs have great potential to generate high returns, but the downside risk associated with renewables should be mitigated by government incentivizing the use of renewables in both domestic and foreign markets. Investing in renewable energy is not only good for the environment but also compared to other investment alternatives (including fossil fuels) it provides better risk-adjusted returns. During the last 5 years, some renewable energy ETFs have even outperformed several well-established sectoral ETFs. This paper finds that there is a more favourable business case for investing in renewables than common perception would suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Enhancement of optically chargeable capacity by heterojunction construction via precipitation in Li‐doped sodium niobate.
- Author
-
Li, Ziyong, Qin, Mengnan, Lei, Yanzhou, and Gao, Shuang
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR energy , *ENERGY storage , *HETEROJUNCTIONS , *FOSSIL fuels , *ENERGY consumption , *SUPERCAPACITOR electrodes - Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, extensive CO2 emissions, and growing demand for electrochemical energy, it is important to develop further utilization of renewable energy, as well as advanced energy storage techniques. To this end, the optically chargeable supercapacitor, which can convert the photon energy of solar light into electrochemical energy and store it for long‐term usage, attracts extensive investigations. Among these, heterojunction construction was revealed as an effective method to enhance capacity. Recent works have reported the implementations of precipitation in ceramics, where the introduced matrix‐precipitate two‐phase structure is inspiring for constructing heterojunction, whereas it was seldom reported. In this work, Li‐doped NaNbO3 electrode material was prepared by adopting a multi‐step solid reaction to precipitate LiNbO3 and construct LiNbO3/NaNbO3 heterojunctions. The electrochemical measurement demonstrates an enhanced optically chargeable capacity of roughly 85% increase at a scan rate of 1 mV/s and a four‐fold increase at a charging–discharging current density of 1 A/g, as well as outstanding stability by introducing precipitates and constructing heterojunctions. This finding proposes a novel methodology design of heterojunction construction via precipitation to enhance the optically chargeable capacity of supercapacitor electrode materials and, therefore, may open up a potentially new application field for precipitate‐tuned functionality in functional ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene Nanoparticles Blended with Biodiesel Derived from Bauhinia Purpurea Linn Seed Fueled in a CRDI Diesel Engine.
- Author
-
Lionus Leo, G. M., Munuswamy, Dinesh Babu, Jayabal, Ravikumar, and Devarajan, Yuvarajan
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources , *BUTYLATED hydroxytoluene , *PETROLEUM waste , *BAUHINIA , *FOSSIL fuels , *DIESEL motors , *DIESEL fuels - Abstract
This study sought to investigate techniques for lowering diesel engine emissions by using waste seed as an alternative energy source in place of conventional fossil fuels. This study thoroughly investigated the process of transesterifying waste seed oil obtained from Bauhinia purpurea linn for use as fuel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) nanoparticles serve as a combustion enhancer. The engine outcome metrics were analyzed using diesel, Bauhinia purpurea linn biodiesel (BPLB) and BPLB-BHT blends (BPLB + 10μm BHT 10 ppm and BPLB + 20μm BHT 10 ppm) without changing the operating circumstances. At full brake power, the BPLB + 10μm BHT 10 ppm mix outperformed the BPLB and BPLB + 20μm BHT 10 ppm blends, but fell short of diesel. The BPLB + 10μm BHT 10 ppm blend reduced smoke opacity by 39.14%, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 42.71%, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 59.03% and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 12.29% compared to neat diesel fuel at maximum brake power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A bimetallic NiFe MOF with ultra-thin two-dimensional nanosheet structure effectively accelerates oxygen evolution reaction.
- Author
-
He, Jiaqi, Deng, Xin, Sun, Wenting, Shang, Wenjing, Lou, Yongbing, and Chen, Jinxi
- Subjects
- *
OXYGEN evolution reactions , *METAL catalysts , *FOSSIL fuels , *CATALYTIC activity , *ENERGY shortages - Abstract
To address the shortage of fossil energy, the development of affordable and efficient non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from electrocatalytic water splitting is still a crucial challenge. Herein, the bimetallic NiFe metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are synthesized by hydrothermal and electro-deposition. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Fe and Ni, the catalyst demonstrates extraordinary activity, which exhibits favorable OER catalytic activity in 1 M KOH solution with an overpotential of 206 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, the obtained NiFe-NDC presents promising stability in the 20 h test at 50 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Driving towards sustainability: exploring risk perceptions of fossil fuels, e-fuels, and electric drives in individual transport.
- Author
-
Rößler, Eva, Schmeckel, Tim, Kesselheim, Ute, and Arning, Katrin
- Subjects
RISK perception ,ELECTRIC drives ,FOSSIL fuels ,ENVIRONMENTAL risk ,PUBLIC opinion ,SUSTAINABILITY ,GLOBAL warming - Abstract
The transportation sector is a significant contributor to CO
2 emissions, necessitating the adoption of alternative drive technologies to achieve decarbonization. This study investigates public perceptions of fossil fuels, e-fuels, and electric drives, with the aim of identifying factors influencing risk perceptions, perceived efficacy in combating climate change, and readiness to use or purchase cars with these technologies. Therefore, a quantitative study using a questionnaire (N = 141) was conducted. The results indicate that e-fuels and electric drives are perceived more positively than fossil fuels. E-fuels were found to have the lowest risk perceptions. Differences in cognitive and affective risk perceptions, as well as in financial, environmental, and health-related risks, were observed across drive types. Car affinity was found to correlate positively with risk perceptions of e-fuels and fossil fuels, but negatively with electric drives. The risk perception of global warming showed an inverse relationship. Regarding the prediction of readiness, differences were found between e-fuels and electric drives in terms of the influencing factors on readiness. The study contributes to the understanding of public perceptions by providing a comparison between different drive technologies and offers valuable insights for developing targeted communication strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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