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Abstract Background Real-world evidence (RWE) plays a key role in regulatory and healthcare decision-making, but the potentially fragmentated nature of generated evidence may limit its utility for clinical decision-making. Heterogeneity and a lack of reproducibility in RWE resulting from inconsistent application of methodologies across data sources should be minimized through harmonization. Methods This paper’s aim is to describe and reflect upon a multidisciplinary research platform (FOUNTAIN; FinerenOne mUlti-database NeTwork for evidence generAtIoN) with coordinated studies using diverse RWE generation approaches and explore the platform’s strengths and limitations. With guidance from an executive advisory committee of multidisciplinary experts and patient representatives, the goal of the FOUNTAIN platform is to harmonize RWE generation across a portfolio of research projects, including research partner collaborations and a common data model (CDM)–based program. FOUNTAIN’s overarching objectives as a research platform are to establish long-term collaborations among pharmacoepidemiology research partners and experts and to integrate diverse approaches for RWE generation, including global protocol execution by research partners in local data sources and common protocol execution in multiple data sources through federated data networks, while ensuring harmonization of medical definitions, methodology, and reproducible artifacts across all studies. Specifically, the aim of the multiple studies run within the frame of FOUNTAIN is to provide insight into the real-world utilization, effectiveness, and safety of finerenone across its life-cycle. Results Currently, the FOUNTAIN platform includes 9 research partner collaborations and 8 CDM-mapped data sources from 7 countries (United States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, The Netherlands, Spain, and Denmark). These databases and research partners were selected after a feasibility fit-for-purpose evaluation. Six multicountry, multidatabase, cohort studies are ongoing to describe patient populations, current standard of care, comorbidity profiles, healthcare resource use, and treatment effectiveness and safety in different patient populations with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Strengths and potential limitations of FOUNTAIN are described in the context of valid RWE generation. Conclusion The establishment of the FOUNTAIN platform has allowed harmonized execution of multiple studies, promoting consistency both within individual studies that employ multiple data sources and across all studies run within the platform’s framework. FOUNTAIN presents a proposal to efficiently improve the consistency and generalizability of RWE on finerenone.

Background: Real-world evidence (RWE) plays a key role in regulatory and healthcare decision-making, but the potentially fragmentated nature of generated evidence may limit its utility for clinical decision-making. Heterogeneity and a lack of reproducibility in RWE resulting from inconsistent application of methodologies across data sources should be minimized through harmonization. Methods: This paper's aim is to describe and reflect upon a multidisciplinary research platform (FOUNTAIN; FinerenOne mUlti-database NeTwork for evidence generAtIoN) with coordinated studies using diverse RWE generation approaches and explore the platform's strengths and limitations. With guidance from an executive advisory committee of multidisciplinary experts and patient representatives, the goal of the FOUNTAIN platform is to harmonize RWE generation across a portfolio of research projects, including research partner collaborations and a common data model (CDM)–based program. FOUNTAIN's overarching objectives as a research platform are to establish long-term collaborations among pharmacoepidemiology research partners and experts and to integrate diverse approaches for RWE generation, including global protocol execution by research partners in local data sources and common protocol execution in multiple data sources through federated data networks, while ensuring harmonization of medical definitions, methodology, and reproducible artifacts across all studies. Specifically, the aim of the multiple studies run within the frame of FOUNTAIN is to provide insight into the real-world utilization, effectiveness, and safety of finerenone across its life-cycle. Results: Currently, the FOUNTAIN platform includes 9 research partner collaborations and 8 CDM-mapped data sources from 7 countries (United States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, The Netherlands, Spain, and Denmark). These databases and research partners were selected after a feasibility fit-for-purpose evaluation. Six multicountry, multidatabase, cohort studies are ongoing to describe patient populations, current standard of care, comorbidity profiles, healthcare resource use, and treatment effectiveness and safety in different patient populations with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Strengths and potential limitations of FOUNTAIN are described in the context of valid RWE generation. Conclusion: The establishment of the FOUNTAIN platform has allowed harmonized execution of multiple studies, promoting consistency both within individual studies that employ multiple data sources and across all studies run within the platform's framework. FOUNTAIN presents a proposal to efficiently improve the consistency and generalizability of RWE on finerenone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In the phase 3 clinical trials FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD, finerenone reduced the risk of cardiovascular and kidney events among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evidence regarding finerenone use in real-world settings is limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort study (NCT06278207) using two Japanese nationwide hospital-based databases provided by Medical Data Vision (MDV) and Real World Data Co., Ltd. (RWD Co., Kyoto Japan), converted to the OMOP common data model, was conducted. Persons with CKD and T2D initiating finerenone from 1 July 2021, to 30 August 2023, were included. Baseline characteristics were described. The occurrence of hyperkalemia after finerenone initiation was assessed. Results: 1029 new users of finerenone were included (967 from MDV and 62 from RWD Co.). Mean age was 69.5 and 72.4 years with 27.3% and 27.4% being female in the MDV and RWD Co. databases, respectively. Hypertension (92 and 95%), hyperlipidemia (59 and 71%), and congestive heart failure (60 and 66%) were commonly observed comorbidities. At baseline, 80% of persons were prescribed angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were prescribed in 72% and 30% of the study population, respectively. The incidence proportions of hyperkalemia were 2.16 and 2.70 per 100 persons in the MDV and RWD Co. databases, respectively. There were no hospitalizations associated with hyperkalemia observed in either of the two datasets. Conclusions: For the first time, we report the largest current evidence on the clinical use of finerenone in real-world settings early after the drug authorization in Japan. This early evidence from clinical practice suggests that finerenone is used across comorbidities and comedications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The function usually assigned/expected of the monument was impressing, intimidating, and instructing. Against this concept of the monument stands the popular monument, which does not seek to instruct, edify or intimidate, which, as in the case of the Augustin-Fountain in Vienna's 7th district, could even place a 'drunkard' on the pedestal instead of 'heroic figures', and which was nevertheless politically instrumentalised. The article describes the monuments that were erected or planned for popular 'Viennese types' in the 19th and early 20th centuries and shows the connections between the 'mythification' (in the sense of Roland Barthes) of these 'folk types' and Karl Lueger's populist politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water has become a sacred asset in Islam, which reguires cleansing the soul and body. Both in the werses of our holy book, the Holy Quran, and in the Probhet Muhammad. There are important words on this subjects in the hadiths of the probhet. The fact that water is given great importance has led to the idea that providing water to the society is one of the most iportant in Turkish-Islamic architecture. In this study we have prepared, baldachin planned fountains belonging to mosgues located in Tokat city center are discused. During the field investigation, examples of fountains in question were found in Hatuniye Mosque, Ali Paşa Mosque, Takyeciler Mosque and Alaca Mescit Mosque. Although there are many studies in the literatüre about these mosques, their fountains have not been mentioned except for a few sentences. Based on this determination, the study was written in order to ezamine the fountains that are the subject of the study in detail in terms of plan, architecture, decoration and material-technical features and determine thair place within th fountain architecture. Although the fountains were built at a later date than the mosques thay are located in, they both provided integrity with the mosques with their features and managed to reflect the artistic styles of the period in which they were built to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fountains and laundries, which are a common area of public use, provide important data about the social and cultural life of the period, in addition to being cultural assets that meet needs such as water supply and washing. Jul. These buildings, which appear as a reflection of the importance given to cleanliness in our culture to architecture, attract attention with their aesthetic, social and cultural values in addition to their functional requirements. In this study, it is aimed to introduce and evaluate the architectural features, decorative features, materials and techniques of the fountain and laundry in Zopran in detail and to reveal its place in the history of Turkish art. The laundry room with a rectangular plan extending in the east-west direction is covered with a hipped roof with wooden construction. The fountain in the order adjacent to the laundry room has two facades, a dependent, a warehouse and a pointed arch. The fountain is remarkable in terms of its stone decorations located in the arch Aprils rather than its architectural structure. There are herbal decorations, flowers coming out of a vase, symbolic objects and bird depictions in the arch niches Apr. The fountain and laundry of Zopran village are important as a cultural asset worth preserving in terms of its architectural structure, decorative features, reflecting the style of the period and carrying it to the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of the urban public can be promoted by shaping ecological landscapes and reducing noise. Visual landscapes and soundscape, considered as important components of sustainable urban development, are becoming increasingly concerned. In this study, Hefei Feicui Lake scenic spot in China was regarded as an example. By using questionnaire survey, soundwalks and acoustic monitoring methods, which aimed to understand people's sense of identification with musical theme landscape and soundscape in the area, and further explored the effects of the interaction between musical theme landscape and soundscape on the perceived soundscape restoration of visitors. The results showed that musical theme landscape and soundscape could affect people's emotions on the individual level and their behaviours, such as staying (viewing the scenery or rest) on the social level. On this basis, a strategy for creating urban public space inspired by the art of music was proposed as the topic of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the general framework of its programme for the upkeep and promotion of its public fountains, the City of Paris recently undertook a restoration campaign on the Fontaine des Innocents, a masterpiece dating from the French Renaissance. This campaign had two objectives: firstly – and after about 130 years of debate –, to remove the original sculpted bas-reliefs, now seriously damaged by weathering, to restore these sculptures and to replace them with reproductions; and, secondly, to make water flow again from the fountain, in keeping with its original function. Using the evidence of iconography, the article begins by taking a look at the usages associated with its water, following the fountain’s various moves and alterations. To begin with, it was located at a street corner and served primarily for the distribution of drinking water and for public and individual hygiene, uses which attracted a whole series of related trades. Subsequently, with the improvement in the city’s water supply, the fountain was moved to the centre of a public square where its stands today as a heritage monument. The article then goes on to look at the fountain’s sculptures, its celebrated bas-reliefs which all relate to the theme of water. New knowledge about these sculptures is examined, provoking questions about the fountain’s overall authenticity. To conclude, the article will address the technical and doctrinal issues raised by the restoration operation. The methods required for the reproduction of the bas-reliefs are examined, taking into account the new technologies involved and the question of how the monument will be lit at night. The issues touching on the fountain’s present-day public hygiene status and the impact of this situation on the monument itself are also examined. The requirements for the monument’s future conservation are envisaged, and the consequences of these requirements in terms of the quantities of water the fountain will be able deliver.

Tıpkı bir insan gibi, yaşayan bir varlık olduğu düşünüldüğünde, ülkelerin çağdaşlarıyla sürekli bir ilişki içerisinde oldukları izlenmektedir. Bu ilişkiler savaş gibi negatif ya da olumsuz yönde olabilmekte veya karşılıklı iyimser politikalar üzerine yani olumlu istikamette de kurulabilmektedir. Aynı şekilde ortak geçmişinde çok yoğun bir çatışma ve savaş ortamında bulunan iki ülke, bugün iyi ilişkiler içerisinde olabilmektedir. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde değerlendirildiğinde Osmanlı ile Avusturya arasındaki ilişkilerin i. Dünya Savaşı’na kadar karşılıklı mücadeleler şeklinde seyrettiği, bu dönemle birlikte ise ittifaka dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Özellikle 1924 yılında Türkiye ile Avusturya arasında imzalanan Dostluk Antlaşması iki millet arasındaki bağı kuvvetlendiren ana unsur olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Avusturya ile Türkiye arasındaki dostluğun nişanesi olan Viyana Yunus Emre Çeşmesi’nin inşa süreci ve mimarisi, sanat tarihi disiplininde değerlendirilmiştir. Çeşme, Türklerin Avrupa’da bu amaç için inşa ettiği ilk çeşme olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Viyana’da Türkçe öğretmenliği yapan Baki Bilgin’in girişimleri ile hem Avusturya hem de Türk kurumları tarafından 1991 yılında inşa ettirilen çeşme, form bakımından dört yüzlü meydan çeşmesi tipinde tasarlanmıştır. Cephe tasarımı ve bezeme bakımından Osmanlı’nın Lale Devri’nde inşa edilen çok çeşitli meydan çeşmelerinin örnek alındığı izlenebilmektedir. Çeşmenin tasarımında gelenekselci bir anlayışın takip edilmesi, kültürel belleğin çağımıza yansıması bakımından değerlendirildiğinde özgün, tarihi derinliği olan ve mimari açısından da hayli değerli bir sanat eserinin ortaya çıkarıldığı düşünülmektedir.

In Late Antiquity, aristocrats and city administrators continued the tradition of using impressive architectural and decorative elements in their urban residences, reminiscent of the practices in the Roman Empire. During this period, especially the most accessible and visible parts of houses were adorned in a remarkable manner to showcase the sophisticated tastes, social status, and wealth of the homeowners to their visitors. For this purpose, a particular architectural design and ornamentation was preferred because this urban elite group, in addition to hosting people under their patronage in extravagant residences, also took advantage of the domestic environment to strengthen relationships with peers of similar status. The courtyard, an indispensable feature of these residences, served particularly as one of the primary areas for welcoming visitors, thus leading to its meticulous design. This space, which was vital for shaping the initial impression of both the house and its owner, could feature fountains with decorative elements in its most visible area. Similar to the bathrooms and toilets within the house, these fountains were elements that elevated the overall standard of residences. Closely connected to channels and clean waterways, these fountains not only served practical functions but were also used to display the homeowner's high status by enhancing the quality and value of the houses. This article primarily focuses on examining the reflections of social changes in residential structures, especially residential fountains, due to the evolving structure of Late Antiquity. It discusses the fundamental characteristics of "fountains positioned in courtyards" as a type of fountain through a group of luxury residences from Late Antiquity in the regions of Asia Minor and the Mediterranean. Examining a sample of urban houses from Sardis, Aphrodisias, Xanthus, Arycanda, Side, Perge, Sagalassos, and Laodicea, and cities outside Asia Minor, this article emphasises the architectural features, functions, and significance for homeowners of the fountains dating from the 4th to 6th centuries AD located in the peristyles and open courtyards of these houses. The brief descriptions provided in the relevant section about the sampled fountains offer a contextual and spatial understanding of the fountains under consideration. Additionally, the objective is to elucidate how these fountains turned into an essential element of the luxurious homes of the elite through their architectural styles and decorative designs, and how homeowners used these fountains as instruments to display their social statuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacists and pharmacies are key drivers in the American marketplace. They serve as an endpoint of the pharmaceutical supply chain and are the dispensers of a range of consumer goods, some nonthreatening and others potentially harmful to public health. In adding pharmacies to the roster of consumerist locales in the postwar period, scholars might draw even deeper connections about the transformation of health, corporate medicine, and American economic power. To understand the interface of consumerism, corporatism, and health in postwar America, this article holds the postwar pharmacy as a key site of commodity exchange and business and positions it within the larger American firmament, paying attention to the design of pharmacies. In particular, the article will add to the knowledge about the tangible ways that medical and health care spaces are constructed, organized, and designed to best generate profits. Besides prescription medications, alcohol, tobacco, and sugar-rich products were also vital elements of the postwar pharmacy and will be featured in this article. What is more, this article focuses on a central debate between pharmacists during the postwar period about how pharmacies were shifting from the role of healer to that of a retailer — from a "conscientious guardian" to a "commercialized jungle" — in order to highlight how the public health role of pharmacies was undermined by industry pressures for profit. Based on unused corporate guides and manuals, company records, photographs, and management documents, this article will spotlight the underexplored interiority of pharmacies – the store's insides, processes of organization, and design features related to potentially habit-changing substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Literature & Humanities / Edebiyat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fountain, the source of which is water, has always been a very important phenomenon for human beings. For this reason, the fountain or well appears in literary works as a subject, motif, or symbol. It is very common in this genre to make use of the semantic dimension of the fountain, which is important in Western poetry in terms of reminding the origin of existence and pointing out the balanced relationship between life and death. So much so that the fountain motif took place in the works of authors such as Novalis, Ludwig Tieck, and Eduard Mörike. In this context, in this study, examples from the poems of Austrian Alfons Maria Petzold, German Friedrich Hebbels and Swiss Conrad Ferdinand Meyer are presented. The fountains in their poems were examined with their symbolic meanings and motifs within the scope of the explanations given. As a result, it has been revealed that this motif is included in the common cultural memory of the German-speaking countries in the analyzed poems and that it has been an important narrative tool since the oral literature tradition in explaining the factors that make up the culture. At this point, the fountain has assumed a cross-border function with the connotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urban greenery and fountains effectively mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. While many studies have assessed individual vegetation configurations (grass, shrub, and tree) and fountains at pedestrian heights, few have explored their combined effects horizontally and vertically. This study uses the ENVI-met model to evaluate the cooling effects of three vegetation configurations and their combinations with fountains in a typical historical and cultural neighborhood. The "grass, shrub, tree and fountain" scenario achieved the most substantial cooling, reducing air temperature (T a) by 5.61 °C and mean radiant temperature (T mrt) by 17.39 °C. Adding shrubs to the existing trees had minimal impact on T a and T mrt. Incorporating fountains into various vegetation configurations scenarios further lowered T a by 3.58°C-3.66 °C and T mrt by 2.97°C-3.27 °C. Trees primarily improved T mrt through shading, while fountains were more effective at reduce T a. This study offers theoretical and scientific guidance for optimizing urban street microclimate design from horizontal and vertical perspectives. [Display omitted] • Tree is more effective than fountain for improving the thermal environment. • The combination of shading and fountain further improves the thermal environment. • Vertical cooling performance varies with the hybrid solution's setup. • T a was significantly impacted by fountains, whereas T mrt was strongly impacted by shade. • The cooling effect of adding shrubs to existing trees and fountains is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 19th century the issue of water- supply system for Chișinău remained a top priority. Even before the construction of the aqueduct, the city Fountain was the main source of water. In 1834, the Turkish master Ioan Suyolci, invited from Odessa, completed the necessary constructions at the city Fountain. However, then all the problems were not solved, and the mouth of the main water source was constantly polluted. In 1862, the city Duma raised the issue of building the Chișinău water-supply line. The city architect Alexander Bernardazzi and the engineer Ludwig Fortini participated in the exploration for the opening of new wells in the Buiucani Valley. In the 70s of the 19th century some fountain masters and engineers, among which were Marcel Sourroubille, Von Eltz, Shevtsov, Foss, Kogan, Metz, Durasov and others, who proposed their projects for the construction of a water supply system in Chișinău. In the 1880s engineers Altukhov and Sytenko made new proposals, and engineer N. Lyapunov presented his project using Fontain’s water. But only thanks to the efforts of the city mayor Karl Schmidt, according to the project approved by the Odessa branch of the Russian Imperial Technical Society, the construction of the Chișinău water-supply system with two identical water towers was completed in December of 1892. The engineer of the Railway Communications Dmitry Dyatkov took part in the work design, later being hired as a technical supervision of its construction. Also, architects Alexander Bernardazzi and Leopold Sсheidewandt and engineers E. Harris, M. Ozemblovsky, K. Gasquet and others took an active part in the construction of the water supply system. At present, one of the two buildings of water towers, built in the eclectic style (at the corner of Alexei Mateevich and Metropolitan Gavriil Banulescu-Bodoni streets), has survived, which today is a valuable monument of industrial architecture and the residence of the Historical Museum of Chișinău.

Copyright of Journal of Mosaic Research is the property of Uludag University, Mosaic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mosaic Research is the property of Uludag University, Mosaic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Edirne, which was founded on the roads connecting the Asian and European continents, has been an important crossing point since the earliest times in history and has hosted various civilizations for centuries and has acquired a rich historical knowledge. Edirne, which was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1361 and later became the capital of the Ottoman Empire for approximately ninety years, has become a prominent center with its natal structure as well as politically and culturally, as it is the capital. After the Ottomans took the city, great importance was given to urban development, and water structures were built, especially the Selimiye and Eski, Üç Şerefeli Mosques, where many people stayed. The city of Edirne meets its water needs from the water resources around the city. The water from these sources is carried to the city through aqueducts and maksems, and their distribution within the city is provided by fountains. These fountains in the city house are small structures and are important structures in terms of the progress of their features. It continues to be built for six hundred years, pieces exceeding thousands; However, these water structures, a small part of which survives today, has preserved the social and aesthetic strength of the city. This article aims to express the place of the structure in the history of the city and to explain the processes of examination, research and repair work carried out on three fountain structures during the 16-year and 18-year period of the project, located in the Central District of Edirne Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Climate change may accelerate the urban heat island (UHI) effect with many consequences for the well-being of human populations in cities. Green and blue infrastructures (GBI) are presented as a way to mitigate the UHI effect. In our study, the influence of GBI (primarily less studied types) on surface temperature (ST) was tested using a thermal camera. Various types of GBI (e.g., tree shade and lawn) and their combination were compared. The studied GBI, including less common forms such as containers with ornamental plants, green roofs and fountains, reduced daytime ST. Moreover, they reduced the thermal amplitudes of surrounding areas (up to 30 m). The results imply that besides larger GBI (e.g., parks, rivers) smaller structures may significantly decrease the UHI effect. We recommend a combination of both blue and green structures especially in street canyons and the use of green roofs and walls when the space for adding GBI is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The restoration of old fountains is essential to the cultural life of society since it preserves the architectural spirit of the past and conveys the historical heritage to the present day. Besides, fountains create a favorable atmosphere in summer, humidifying the air. In the course of the study, we developed an approach to the restoration of the engineering systems and the technology of operation of an old fountain in St. Petersburg. Methods: We performed a detailed survey of the cast-iron fountain body and the pits next to it to discover the catchment basin of the fountain and establish its dimensions, assess the operation of similar fountains, analyze historical documents (old photos), and design engineering systems. Results and discussion: As a result of the study, the dimensions of the fountain and the catchment basin as well as the diameters of the orifices were obtained. The trajectories of the water jets and the scheme of the fountain’s operation were determined. Besides, we performed a hydraulic analysis of the systems and selected the necessary equipment. In this paper, we also present the scheme of the fountain’s operation in the following modes: filling with water, normal operation, and shut-down for winter.

شكلت السِقايات المائية والعيون والأسبلة أهمية كبيرة في الحضارة الإسلامية، وكانت سقاية الماء وتيسير سُبل الحصول عليه سمة من السمات الحضارية المهمة عند المسلمين، وقد انتشرت هذه المنشآت وبكثرة ببلاد الأناضول حيث حرص سلاطين السلاجقة ووزرائهم وكبار رجال الدولة على تشييد هذا النوع من العمائر وإلحاقه بمجموعاتهم المعمارية الضخمة فألحقت الـﭽشم بالجوامع والمدارس والخانات وغيرها، أو شُيدت مستقلة لا تتصل بأية أبنية، فبنوها على تقاطع الطرق وبداخل المدن وخارجها وبالأسواق، وكان الهدف من انشائها أنها تُعد عملاً من اعمال البر والتقوى، ووجه من أوجه الخير الغرض منه التقرب إلى الله وابتغاء مغفرته ورحمته. يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الـﭽشم السلجوقية المتبقية ببلاد الأناضول، ومحاولة تفنيد طرزها وأنماطها المختلفة من خلال دراسة وصفية وتحليلة، مع الوقوف على أهم عناصرها المعمارية والعناصر والوحدات الزخرفية والمواد الخام المستخدمة، بالإضافة إلى حصر النصوص الكتابية المتبقية عليها واستخلاص أهم السمات التى اتسمت بها هذه المنشآت في تلك الفترة.Water fountains, wells, and sabils are crucially important for Islamic civilization. Providing water and facilitating its sources were one of the important cultural features for Muslims. These establishments were prevalent in Anatolia as the Seljuk sultans, ministries, and men of state were keen on constructing this type of buildings and including it within their enormous complexes. Moreover, they added “Çeşme” to the mosques, Madrasahs, and inns, or they were independently built on the crossroads inside and outside the cities as well as the markets. The target behind building these establishments was charity and a means to get closer to God and seeking His Mercy. The study aims at examining the Seljuk Çeşme residual in Anatolia in an attempt to analyze their forms and features via a descriptive, analytical approach. In addition, it focuses on revealing the most important architectural elements, ornamental units, raw materials employed as well as the remaining inscriptions to identify the salient features of these establishments during this period. The attached catalog includes the most substantial shapes and paintings

The mosque complex of Gazi Hasan Paşa is a remarkable synthesis of Ottoman and classical culture in which each structure includes ancient building materials from nearby ruins. This article analyzes the heretofore unexamined use of antique remains with a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating history, archaeology, and art history. The mosque complex positions the Ottoman Empire as the heir of ancient Mediterranean civilization. This claim posed an ideological threat to Western European viewers because they claimed the inheritance of Mediterranean civilization themselves. Western European authors erased Ottoman reuse of ancient materials from their accounts in order to ideologically exclude the Ottomans from the legacy of ancient civilization, thereby characterizing them as "barbarians." These same authors criticized the Ottomans for engaging with antiquity too much when the Ottomans began resisting colonial archaeology. Ottoman engagement with antiquity in Gazi Hasan Paşa's complex thus became a venue to contest imperial identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic Social Networking Sites (ASNSs) became the choice platforms for academics after their emergence in the 1990s primarily for their capacity to accommodate academic integration of notable scholars, propel collaborative scientific activities and expose members to new trends in professional and research fields. It is therefore understandable why ASNSs are daily embraced by both established and aspiring scholars as well as students in academic institutions globally. It has been shown in literature overtimes that the awareness of technology does not necessarily indicate its use. Thiswork, therefore, examined the depth of awareness and use by undergraduate students of Fountain University of these academic sites. The study adopted quantitative methods with the use of a survey. The total population was 1900 students according to Unirank (a global entity known for its ranking of higher institutions of learning). Yaro Yahmen's formula was adopted to arrive at a total of 330 sample size. Simple random sampling was used to pick the respondents for equal representation from the existing departments in the university, while a prepared questionnaire was administered virtually via Google form. After a period of four weeks, 312 of the expected respondents were returned and further interpreted and analyzed based on simple percentages and appropriate descriptive statistics. The findings reveal a strong awareness of the availability of ASNSs, while the platforms are regularly patronized despite the epileptic power supply and disruptible internet services. The Management, therefore, has a responsibility to facilitate the amelioration of the identified challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Öz: Ilgaz, günümüzdeki idari bölünmeye göre Çankırı İline bağlı bir ilçedir. Batısında Bayramören, güneybatısında Kurşunlu ve Korgun, güneyinde Çankırı merkez, güneydoğusunda Yapraklı, doğusunda ve kuzeyinde ise Kastamonu’ya bağlı Tosya ve İhsangazi ilçeleri ile çevrelenmiştir. Ayrıca İstanbul-Karadeniz ve İstanbul-Doğu Anadolu bağlantısını sağlayan önemli yol güzergahı üzerinde yer almaktadır. Belören Köyü ise bu güzergahın Bolu-Gerede-Çerkeş-Ilgaz-Tosya bağlantısı üzerinde, Ilgaz’a takriben 10 km mesafede ve yolun 1 km güneyinde kalmaktadır. Köyde bir çeşme ile iki çamaşırhane bulunmaktadır. Çeşme, 1743 yılına aittir. İki çamaşırhaneden biri köy sakinlerinin verdiği bilgiler yanı sıra mimari özelliklerinden hareketle 20. yüzyıl ortalarına tarihlendirilebilmektedir. Diğer çamaşırhane ise her ne kadar 1991 yılı gibi yakın tarihlerde yaptırılmış olmakla birlikte mimari özellikleri bakımından I No’lu çamaşırhane ile yakın benzerlikler sergilemesi, geleneksel çamaşırhane kültürünün günümüzde dahi devam ettirildiğini göstermesi yanı sıra bu kültürel mirasın gelecek nesillere aktarılması konusunda önemli bir örnek teşkil etmesi nedeni ile değerlendirmeye değerdir. Her iki eser de özellikle bahar ve yaz aylarında halen kullanılmakta ve çamaşırhane kültürünün yaşatılmasına önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Kısa envanter bilgileri dışında haklarında detaylı bir tanıtım ve değerlendirmenin gerçekleştirilmediği anlaşılan bu eserler, yerlerinde görülüp incelenmiş, rölöveleri alınmış ve fotoğrafları çekilmek suretiyle belgelenmiştir. Ayrıca köy halkı ve muhtarı ile görüşmeler yapılmış ve bazı sözlü bilgiler edinilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ve literatür bilgileri doğrultusunda hazırlanan çalışmamızda üç eserin plan ve mimari özellikleri ayrıntıları ile tanıtılarak Anadolu su yapıları içerisindeki yerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Abstract: According to the current administrative division Ilgaz is a district of Çankırı Province. It is surrounded by Bayramören in the west, Kurşunlu and Korgun in the southwest, Çankırı in the south, Yapraklı in the southeast, Tosya and İhsangazi districts of Kastamonu in the east and north. It is also located on the important road route that connects Istanbul-Black Sea and Istanbul-East Anatolia. Belören Village is on the Bolu-Gerede-Çerkeş-Ilgaz-Tosya connection of this route, approximately 10 km from Ilgaz and 1 km south of the road. In the village there are a fountain and two laundries. A fountain was dated to 1743. One of the two laundries can be dated to the mid-20th century based on the information provided by the village residents as well as their architectural features. Although the other laundry was built as recently as 1991, it has close similarities with the No. I laundry in terms of architectural features, as well as showing that the traditional laundry culture is still maintained today, it is worth evaluating as it sets an important example for the transfer of this cultural heritage to future generations. Both works are still used, especially in the spring and summer of laundry and provide a significant contribution to the revival of culture. Apart from the short information, it was understood that a detailed introduction and evaluation was not carried out, these works were seen and examined on site, their surveys were taken and their photographs were documented. In addition, interviews were made with the villagers and demarch and some oral information was obtained. In our study prepared with the data obtained and literature, it is aimed to determine the places of the three works in Anatolian water structures by introducing their plan and architectural features in detail

Located in a particularly favourable location for its development, the Parc de Saint-Cloud has both superb views and a topography and geology conducive to the creation of water features. Taking advantage of these advantages, the successive owners of the château have created many water features since the late sixteenth century, each wishing to make the park a reflection of their taste and their social success, whether real or projected. In the late seventeenth century, the younger brother of Louis XIV, Philippe d’Orléans, continued this dynamic, but on a much larger scale, making gushing water the main spring of garden design, taking advantage of both its decorative character and its capacity to symbolise the owner’s power. Faced with numerous constraints linked to the uneven topography and the presence of pre-existing facilities, he adapted the function, layout and ornamentation of his gardens to this environment.

Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When the patron saint festivities of Azkoitia, the Andramaris, were cancelled in 2020, several people asked me whether anything similar had ever happened. In this article, I describe the events that occurred during the cholera outbreak in Azkoitia in 1855 and the way in which it affected the festivities. No events took place, except for the odd religious celebration to ask for protection from San Roque. At the end of the pandemic, a Te Deum was sung at the Parish Church of Santa María La Real. The Asian morbid cholera claimed the lives of 69 residents in Azkoitia and 272 in Azpeitia. The work carried out by the town doctor of Azkoitia, Dionisio Ortiz Arrieta, and the barber or bleeder, Francisco Ignacio Sarriegui, is particularly interesting. I also discuss the publication by Doctor Juan Antonio Monedero that describes how the epidemic unfolded in Gipuzkoa. To end, I include a brief anecdote about the pyrotechnics of the time, citing the famous character of Canuto Aguirre from Vitoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Urban Ethnology is the property of Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Thiasos is the property of Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fountains (negatively buoyant jets) are commonly used in numerous engineering applications, such as the natural ventilation in buildings and the smoke spread in compartment fires. In this study, the long-term behavior of weak round fountains in homogeneous ambient confined in a cylindrical container was analyzed using three-dimensional direct numerical simulation over a range of the Froude number (Fr), Reynolds number (Re), dimensionless radius of the container (λ), respectively. The confined weak round fountain behaves in the manner of a ‘fountain filling box’ flow, experiencing five development stages, i.e., the formation of the fountain flow, the intrusion flow, the wall fountain, the reversed flow and the stratification. Three stages of the development of the bulk entrainment rate are identified and the dominant mechanisms involved are analyzed. Fr = 1 and 2 are identified as the approximate critical values to distinguish the behavior of the intrusion, wall fountain and stratification. Re = 200 is determined as the approximate critical value to distinguish the influence of Re. These are consistent with the existing results about the round fountains.

Often placed in the heart of old cities, the fountain has not become a focus of architectural problematics, being pushed aside by more monumental and significant constructions and large-scale issues. When identifying the origins of the city, or its source, one usually thinks of something harder than water and more pragmatic than fine streams. However, the sources are of special magic, which, as claimed by Vitruvius, traces its origin to the Egyptians, and from which all cities take their origin. The article makes an attempt to study the phenomenon of fountains and to comprehend its scope.

Often placed in the heart of old cities, the fountain has not become a focus of architectural problematics, being pushed aside by more monumental and significant constructions and large-scale issues. When identifying the origins of the city, or its source, one usually thinks of something harder than water and more pragmatic than fine streams. However, the sources are of special magic, which, as claimed by Vitruvius, traces its origin to the Egyptians, and from which all cities take their origin. The article makes an attempt to study the phenomenon of fountains and to comprehend its scope.

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)