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Prepared between the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) gas concentrations were monitored on six designated sites of international and national importance (Special Areas of Conservation, SAC and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI)) across Northern Ireland, to assess threats from atmospheric nitrogen inputs. A total of 37 NH3 monitoring points were established, with between 4 and 9 monitoring points on each of the six designated sites, depending on the size and complexity of each site. Monitoring was carried out at monthly intervals, with continuous time-integrated measurements made with passive UKCEH ALPHA® samplers. This report presents monthly NH3 measurements from two complete years of monitoring, between June 2020 and May 2022. Monthly measurements were aggregated to estimate annual average concentrations for the assessment of critical levels exceedance (annual thresholds). The monthly monitoring periods also enabled the construction of seasonal profiles across the sites, which is helpful for identifying peak emission periods as well as likely source types (for example, slurry spreading activities during spring)

INTRODUCTION: Media guidelines for the responsible reporting of suicide are a recognized universal suicide prevention intervention. While implemented in numerous countries, including Australia, little is known about whether they are cost-effective. We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of Mindframe, the national initiative implementing media guidelines in Australia. METHOD: We conducted a modelled economic evaluation (5-year time-horizon) incorporating two types of economic analysis: (i) return-on-investment (ROI) comparing estimated cost savings from the intervention to the total intervention cost, and (ii) cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the net intervention costs to health outcomes: suicide deaths prevented and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). We also included uncertainty analyses to propagate parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the model outputs to changes in input parameters and assumptions. RESULTS: The estimated ROI ratio for the main analysis was 94:1 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 37 to 170). The intervention was associated with cost savings of A$596M (95% UI: A$228M to A$1,081M), 139 (95% UI: 55 to 252) suicides prevented and 107 (95% UI: 42 to 192) QALYs gained. The intervention was dominant, or cost-saving, compared with no intervention with results being robust to sensitivity analysis but varying based on the conservativeness of the parameters entered. CONCLUSION: Mindframe was found to be cost-saving, and therefore, worthy of investment and inclusion as part of national suicide prevention strategies.

Prepared between the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). •Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) gas concentrations were monitored on six designated sites of international and national importance (Special Areas of Conservation, SAC and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI)) across Northern Ireland, to assess threats from atmospheric nitrogen inputs. •The monitoring strategy at each designated site aims to capture the high spatial variability of NH3 and any associated atmospheric concentration gradients away from sources, where the highest concentrations (and local sources) may be and where the largest ecosystem impacts are likely to occur. •The sites are also part of the cross-border INTERREG Va funded Collaborative Action for the Natura Network (CANN) project (2017-2021), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body. •The measurement data will provide supporting evidence to develop site-specific mitigation strategies, if necessary and appropriate. •It is hypothesised that boundaries of a designated site that are closest to, and downwind of sources (e.g. intensive livestock units) will be exposed to the highest NH3 concentrations and therefore most at risk from adverse effects on sensitive vegetation. •This report presents monthly NH3 measurements from the first year of monitoring, between June 2020 and May 2021.