836 results on '"Fractional shortening"'
Search Results
2. Systolic Dysfunction, Heart Failure and Echocardiographic Findings, Effect on Ejection Fraction, Treatment Options
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Venkatram, Prabhakar and Venkatram, Prabhakar
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- 2024
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3. Multimodal Imaging Reveals that Sustained Inhibition of HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylases Induces Opposing Effects on Right and Left Ventricular Function in Healthy Rats.
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Robinson, Gain, Zielstorff, Mark, Sevilla, Raquel, Vanko, Amy, Sinz, Christopher, Cicmil, Milenko, Zhang, Weisheng, and Bettano, Kimberly
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RATS , *ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY , *HYDROXYLASES , *RIGHT ventricular hypertrophy , *HYPOXIA-inducible factors , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *ERYTHROCYTES - Abstract
Purpose: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) drives transcription of critical hypoxia response genes, increasing the production of red blood cells in low oxygen conditions. In the absence of hypoxia, HIF is degraded by prolyl hydroxylases (HIF-PHs). Pharmacological HIF-PH inhibition stabilizes HIF and is being studied as a treatment for anemia. However, like sustained hypoxia, HIF-PH inhibition may increase pulmonary arterial pressure leading to right ventricular hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac effects of sustained pharmacological HIF-PH inhibition using multimodal imaging, blood analysis, and histology. Methods: Rats were dosed daily with a pan HIF-PH inhibitor or vehicle for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period and underwent longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography to simultaneously assess RV and LV function. Blood samples from weeks four and six were analyzed to determine red blood cell composition. Histology was performed on the cardiac tissue from a subset of rats at weeks four and six to assess structural effects. Results: Imaging revealed that RV ejection fraction was reduced in animals receiving HIF-PH inhibitor and resulted in RV hypertrophy. Interestingly, HIF-PH inhibition had the opposite effect on the left ventricle (LV), increasing contractility measured by LV ejection fraction. LV effects were reversed by week six, while RV effects (functional and structural) were sustained. Conclusion: These opposing cardiac effects of HIF-PH inhibition warrant further study to both understand the potential negative effects on RV structure and function and investigate the therapeutic potential of increased LV contractility for conditions like heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Influence of Supervised Maternal Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy on 1-Month-Old Neonatal Cardiac Function and Outflow: A Pilot Study.
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MAY, LINDA E., MCDONALD, SAMANTHA, STEWART, COURTNEY, NEWTON, EDWARD, ISLER, CHRISTY, STEED, DENNIS, SARNO, LAUREN A., KELLEY, GEORGE A., CHASAN-TABER, LISA, KUEHN, DEVON, ALLMAN-TUCKER, BRITTANY R., STROM, CODY, CLAIBORNE, ALEX, and XIANGMING FANG
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OBESITY treatment , *HEART physiology , *NEWBORN screening , *ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY , *PILOT projects , *REGULATION of body weight , *MATERNAL health services , *AEROBIC exercises , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *INFANT development , *EXERCISE physiology , *PREGNANT women , *REGRESSION analysis , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *COMPARATIVE studies , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *EXERCISE intensity , *HEART beat , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *RELAXATION techniques , *CHILDREN , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of supervised, recommended levels of prenatal aerobic exercise on 1-month-old infant cardiac function. Methods: Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group that participated in 150 min of supervised, moderate-intensity (40%to 59%V O2peak, 12 to 14 on Borg rating of perceived exertion) aerobic exercise per week for 24wk ormore or a nonexercising group that consisted of 150 min·wk-1 of relaxation techniques. One-month-old infant echocardiogram was performed to assess infant cardiac function, including heart rate (HR), left-ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and velocity time integral at the aortic valve. Pearson correlation analyses and linear regression models were performed. Results: Prenatal aerobic exercise was negatively correlated with infant resting HR (r = -0.311, P = 0.02). Similarly, when controlling for infant sex and activity state, exercise level/volume (ß = -0.316; 95% CI, -0.029 to -0.002; P = 0.02) predicted resting infant HR (R2 = 0.18, P = 0.02). In infants of overweight/obese women, infants of aerobic exercisers had increased fractional shortening (P = 0.03). In addition, infant ventricular ejection fraction was correlated with maternal exercise attendance (r = 0.418, P = 0.03) as well as a trend for exercise level (r = 0.351, P = 0.08). Similarly, the only significant regression model for infants of overweight/obese women controls infant activity state (ß = -0.444; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01; P = 0.006) and maternal exercise level (ß = 0.492; 95% CI, 5.46-28.74; P = 0.01) predicting infant resting HR (F = 5.79, R2 = 0.40, P = 0.003). Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that women participating in exercise in the second and third trimesters of their pregnancy may have infants with increased cardiac function at 1 month of age. Importantly, the cardiac function effects were further augmented for infants born to overweight/obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Evaluation of Cardiac Structure and Function Changes Following Ovariohysterectomy by Echocardiographic Measurements in Immature Cats
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Boshra Elyasi, Mohammad Nasrollahzadeh-Masouleh, and Alireza Jahandideh
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cardiac output ,cat ,ejection fraction ,fractional shortening ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to identify the short-term effects of ovariohysterectomy on the heart of immature cats using echocardiography. This longitudinal study was conducted on a sample consisting of 6 immature female DSH cats. After the selection of test items, echocardiography was performed on the cats before the ovariohysterectomy (D0) and ten days (D10), twenty days (D20), and thirty days (D30) after the ovariohysterectomy. Cardiac parameters, including fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA/Ao), and left ventricular wall thickness to interventricular septum ratio (LVWD/IVS) was measured. Results indicated that the average EF at D10 (71.83%), D20 (71.00%), and D30 (69.83%) was significantly reduced compared to D0 (77.66%). The average CO at D10 (1.68 l/min), D20 (1.51 l/min), and D30 (1.5 l/min) was significantly reduced compared to D0 (2.05 l/min). However, the average FS at D10 (40.54%), D20 (40.50%), and D30 (39.33%) reduced compared to D0 (45.00%); the reduction was not statistically significant. The average Ao/LA and LVPW/IVS remained unchanged during the study (without noticeable changes). Ovariohysterectomy negatively impacts cardiac function; accordingly, special care and follow-up during sterility are essential for maintaining cardiac health.
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- 2023
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6. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on queen myocardial function: echocardiographic evidence.
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Elyasi, Boshra, Masouleh, Mohammad Nasarolahzade, and Jahandideh, Alireza
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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,HYSTERO-oophorectomy ,VETERINARY medicine ,HEART function tests ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,STEROID hormones - Abstract
Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgeries in veterinary medicine. Although this surgical method has several advantages, it can alter the function of various organs such as heart. The present study investigated the effect of OHE on cardiac functions using Mmode echocardiography. A total of 10 healthy adult domestic short-haired cats were enrolled in the current study. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) percentages along with cardiac output (CO) were measured through the right parasternal approach in papillary muscle level view. Moreover, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before OHE (D0) as well as 10 (D10), 20 (D20) and 30 (D30) days after OHE. The results of this study showed that the mean FS and EF decreased on all days of the study. The FS reduction was significant between D10 and D30 and EF changes were significant between D10 and D20. The means of CO increased significantly on D0 compared to the D10. After D20, CO reduced until the end of the study. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH increased on all research days; but, the changes were significant until D20. Despite the negative effects of OHE on myocardial function, there was no significant correlation between hormonal levels and echocardiographic findings after OHE in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Acyl ghrelin improves cardiac function in heart failure and increases fractional shortening in cardiomyocytes without calcium mobilization.
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Lund, Lars H, Hage, Camilla, Pironti, Gianluigi, Thorvaldsen, Tonje, Ljung-Faxén, Ulrika, Zabarovskaja, Stanislava, Shahgaldi, Kambiz, Webb, Dominic-Luc, Hellström, Per M, Andersson, Daniel C, and Ståhlberg, Marcus
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GHRELIN ,HEART failure ,TROPONIN I ,PEPTIDE hormones ,VENTRICULAR ejection fraction - Abstract
Background and Aims Ghrelin is an endogenous appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with potential cardiovascular benefits. Effects of acylated (activated) ghrelin were assessed in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in ex vivo mouse cardiomyocytes. Methods and results In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, 31 patients with chronic HFrEF were randomized to synthetic human acyl ghrelin (0.1 µg/kg/min) or placebo intravenously over 120 min. The primary outcome was change in cardiac output (CO). Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with acyl ghrelin and fractional shortening and calcium transients were assessed. Acyl ghrelin but not placebo increased cardiac output (acyl ghrelin: 4.08 ± 1.15 to 5.23 ± 1.98 L/min; placebo: 4.26 ± 1.23 to 4.11 ± 1.99 L/min, P < 0.001). Acyl ghrelin caused a significant increase in stroke volume and nominal increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental longitudinal strain and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. There were no effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, or ischaemia. Heart rate decreased nominally (acyl ghrelin: 71 ± 11 to 67 ± 11 b.p.m.; placebo 69 ± 8 to 68 ± 10 b.p.m.). In cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased fractional shortening, did not affect cellular Ca
2+ transients, and reduced troponin I phosphorylation. The increase in fractional shortening and reduction in troponin I phosphorylation was blocked by the acyl ghrelin antagonist D-Lys 3. Conclusion In patients with HFrEF, acyl ghrelin increased cardiac output without causing hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or ischaemia. In isolated cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased contractility independently of preload and afterload and without Ca2+ mobilization, which may explain the lack of clinical side effects. Ghrelin treatment should be explored in additional randomized trials. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05277415 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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8. Vitamin D levels and left ventricular function in beta-thalassemia major with iron overload.
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Pala, Mrudula, Bhat, Kamalakshi G., Manya, Sharath, Joseph, Nitin, and Harish, Sindhu
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VITAMIN D , *IRON overload , *BETA-Thalassemia , *DIETARY supplements , *HEART failure - Abstract
Heart disease is the primary cause of death in patients with beta-thalassemia major. The study aimed to determine the association between vitamin D and left ventricular function in patients with beta-thalassemia major with iron overload. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted, where the vitamin D and ferritin levels of children living with beta-thalassemia major were measured, and left ventricular function was assessed utilizing ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) using 2D echocardiography. The mean serum ferritin was 4622 ± 2289 ng/ml, and the mean serum vitamin D levels were 22 ± 7.7 ng/ml. The mean values of EF were 62.30 ± 6.9%, and FS was 31.21 ± 4.8%. Statistically significant negative correlation (r = −0.447, p < 0.001) was found between vitamin D and serum ferritin values, and a significant positive association was found between vitamin D levels concerning EF and FS with a p-value of 0.034 and 0.014, respectively. Conclusion: It was observed that increasing ferritin was associated with lower vitamin D levels which in turn influenced fractional shortening /cardiac function in these patients. What is Known: • Patients with Beta Thalassemia major on long term transfusion are prone to develop heart disease / cardiac failure due to chronic iron overload. What is New: • Patients with beta thalassemia major on long term term transfusions with iron overload who are vitamin D deficient are more prone to the cardiac complications which inturn can be prevented by vitamin D supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Left Ventricular Systolic Function
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Khoche, Swapnil, Maus, Timothy M., Maus, Timothy M., editor, and Tainter, Christopher R., editor
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- 2022
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10. Evaluation Cardiac Structure and Function Changes Following Ovariohysterectomy by Echocardiographic Measurements in Immature Cats.
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Elyasi, Boshra, Nasarolahzade-Masouleh, Mohammad, and Jahandideh, Alireza
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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,HEART function tests ,HYSTERO-oophorectomy ,FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine) - Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to identify the short-term effects of ovariohysterectomy on the heart of immature cats using echocardiography. This longitudinal study was conducted on a sample consisting of 6 immature female DSH cats. After the selection of test items, echocardiography was performed on the cats before the ovariohysterectomy (D0) and ten days (D10), twenty days (D20), and thirty days (D30) after the ovariohysterectomy. Cardiac parameters, including fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA/Ao), and left ventricular wall thickness to interventricular septum ratio (LVWD/IVS) was measured. Results indicated that the average EF at D10 (71.83%), D20 (71.00%), and D30 (69.83%) was significantly reduced compared to D0 (77.66%). The average CO at D10 (1.68 l/min), D20 (1.51 l/min), and D30 (1.5 l/min) was significantly reduced compared to D0 (2.05 l/min). However, the average FS at D10 (40.54%), D20 (40.50%), and D30 (39.33%) reduced compared to D0 (45.00%); the reduction was not statistically significant. The average Ao/LA and LVPW/IVS remained unchanged during the study (without noticeable changes). Ovariohysterectomy negatively impacts cardiac function; accordingly, special care and follow-up during sterility are essential for maintaining cardiac health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The effect of placental transfusion on hemodynamics in premature newborns: a randomized controlled trial.
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Farag, Marwa Mohamed, Thabet, Mohamed Alaa Eldin Hassan, Abd-Almohsen, Ali Mohamed, and Ibrahim, Heba Idris Abudeif Mohammed
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HEMODYNAMICS , *PREMATURE infants , *SUPERIOR vena cava syndrome , *UMBILICAL cord clamping , *MYOCARDIUM - Abstract
Despite of growing evidence of the beneficial effects of placental transfusion techniques, there is no available sufficient data about their effects on vulnerable hemodynamics and myocardium of premature infants. The purpose of this work is to study ventricular functions and hemodynamics after applying different placental transfusion techniques, delayed cord clamping (DCC), cut cord milking (C-UCM), and intact cord milking (I-UCM). Sixty-four infants delivered whether by C-section or vaginal delivery were randomly assigned to undergo C-UCM (20–30 cm), I-UCM (3–4 strippings), and DCC (30–60 s). Functional echocardiography was done on day 1 and day 3 of life for 57 infants. Primary outcome variable was superior vena cava flow measurement in infants having placental transfusion in the first 24 h of life and between 64 and 72 h. Secondary outcomes were other echocardiographic and clinical hemodynamic parameters, and biventricular functions in those infants. Of a total 196 preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks delivered in the study period, from January 2021 to August 2021, 57 infants were eligible and survived till the second examination. They were randomly assigned to the three groups. Neonates randomly assigned to DCC had significantly higher superior vena cava flow and lower right ventricular systolic function in the first 24 h of life. This finding vanished at day 3. Neonates undergone different methods of placental transfusions had similar hemoglobin, admission temperature, and mean blood pressure in the first 24 h of life. Conclusion: Despite their potential benefits, placental transfusions have shown to alter the hemodynamics and adversely affect myocardial function of premature neonates. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the clinical trial gov NCT04811872. What is Known: • Placental transfusion techniques might have benefits regarding prematurity- related morbidities and mortality. What is New: • Placental transfusion might adversely affect the myocardium and alter hemodynamics in premature infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Role of Anti-Beta-1-Adrenergic Receptor Antibodies in Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients with Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy.
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Ma, Lixia, Liu, Xiaohui, Wu, Qingshan, Hu, Xing, Liu, Hongqun, Zhang, Jing, and Lee, Samuel S.
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Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a recognized complication of cirrhosis and is associated with poor outcomes, especially under challenges such as surgery/liver transplantation. However, the mechanism is not clear, and the treatment is not specific. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of anti-β
1 -adrenergic receptor antibodies (anti-β1-AR) in CCM. We enrolled 3 groups: healthy controls, cirrhotic patients without CCM, and patients with CCM. We found that the anti-β1-AR levels in the CCM group were significantly higher than that in the non-CCM group; anti-β1-AR was positively correlated to NT-proBNP, negatively correlated to left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening ((r = − 0.466, P < 0.05), and the ratio of peak early (E wave) and atrial (A wave) flow velocities (E/A (r = − 0.475, P < 0.05) in CCM patients. Anti-β1-AR is a useful predictive biomarker for the presence of CCM and eventually may also have therapeutic implications. Clinical Trials Registration: Chinese Clinical Trials No. ChiCTR 2,000,037,730 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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13. Left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening accurately predicts longitudinal strain in critically ill patients with septic shock
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Patrik Johansson Blixt, Michelle S. Chew, Rasmus Åhman, Lina de Geer, Lill Blomqwist, Meriam Åström Aneq, Jan Engvall, and Henrik Andersson
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Strain ,Fractional shortening ,MAPSE ,Left ventricle ,Systolic function ,Sepsis ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Background Left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) may be a sensitive indicator of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with sepsis, but is dependent on high image quality and analysis software. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and the novel left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening (LV-LWFS) are bedside echocardiographic indicators of LV systolic function that are less dependent on image quality. Both are sparsely investigated in the critically ill population, and may potentially be used as surrogates for LVLS. We assessed if LVLS may be predicted by LV-LWFS and MAPSE in patients with septic shock. We also assessed the repeatability and inter-rater agreement of LVLS, LV-LWFS and MAPSE measurements. Results 122 TTE studies from 3 echocardiographic data repositories of patients admitted to ICU with septic shock were retrospectively assessed, of which 73 were suitable for LVLS analysis using speckle tracking. The correlations between LVLS vs. LV-LWFS and LVLS vs. MAPSE were 0.89 (p
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- 2021
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14. Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota Between Healthy and MMVD Chihuahuas Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing
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Ryuji Araki, Koji Iwanaga, Kazunori Ueda, Ayaka Shima, Genki Ishihara, Mitsuhiro Aizu, Toshiharu Fukayama, and Mitsuhiro Isaka
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Chihuahua ,fractional shortening ,intestinal complication ,intestinal microbiota ,myxomatous mitral valve disease ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs, and although complications of MMVD to the lungs and kidneys have been identified, complications to the gut are less well understood. The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the gut, and although the association between heart disease and the intestinal microbiota has been shown in human medicine, it is unknown in dogs. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MMVD and gut microbiota. A total of 69 healthy Chihuahuas and Chihuahuas with MMVD were evaluated for cardiac health by echocardiography and chest radiography and grouped according to ACVIM guidelines. Fecal samples were collected from all cases and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to reveal the intestinal microbiota. There were significant differences in LA/Ao, LVIDd, E vel, VHS, and VLAS with the severity of ACVIM. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota among the groups. The present study did not identify the effects of MMVD on the gut microbiota.
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- 2022
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15. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessment by Emergency Physician-Performed Bedside Echocardiography: A Prospective Comparative Evaluation of Multiple Modalities.
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Bahl, Amit, Johnson, Steven, Altwail, Mina, Brackney, Abigail, Xiao, Jane, Price, Jacob, Shotkin, Paul, and Chen, Nai-Wei
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EMERGENCY physicians , *VENTRICULAR ejection fraction , *ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *PHYSICIANS , *LEFT heart ventricle , *HEART physiology , *STROKE volume (Cardiac output) , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Although there is some support for visual estimation (VE) as an accurate method to estimate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), it is also scrutinized for its subjectivity. Therefore, more objective assessments, such as fractional shortening (FS) or e-point septal separation (EPSS), may be useful in estimating LVEF among patients in the emergency department (ED).Objective: Our aim was to compare the real-world accuracy of VE, FS, and EPSS using a sample of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound transthoracic echocardiography (POC-TTE) images acquired by emergency physicians (EPs) with the gold standard of Simpson's method of discs, as measured by comprehensive cardiology-performed echocardiography.Methods: We conducted a single-site prospective observational study comparing VE, FS, and EPSS to assess LVEF. Adult patients in the ED receiving both POC-TTE and comprehensive cardiology TTE were included. EPs acquired POC-TTE images and videos that were then interpreted by 2 blinded EPs who were fellowship-trained in emergency ultrasound. EPs estimated LVEF using VE, FS, and EPSS. The primary outcome was accuracy.Results: Between April and May 2018, 125 patients were enrolled and 113 were included in the final analysis. EP1 and EP2 had a κ of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1.00) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.91-1.00), respectively, for VE compared with gold standard, a κ of 0.40 (95% CI 0.23-0.57) and 0.38 (95% CI 0.18-0.57), respectively, for EPSS compared with gold standard, and a κ of 0.70 (95% CI 0.54-0.85) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.50-0.81), respectively, for FS compared with gold standard. Sensitivity of severe dysfunction was moderate to high in VE (EP1 85% and EP2 93%), poor to moderate in FS (EP1 73% and EP2 50%), and poor in EPSS (EP1 11% and EP2 18%).Conclusions: Using a real-world sample of POC-TTE images, the quantitative measurements of EPSS and FS demonstrated poor accuracy in estimating LVEF, even among experienced sonographers. These methods should not be used to determine cardiac function in the ED. VE by experienced physicians demonstrated reliable accuracy for estimating LVEF compared with the gold standard of cardiology-performed TTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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16. Aerobic exercise training reduces cardiac function and coronary flow-induced vasodilation in mice lacking adiponectin.
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Caldwell, Jacob T., Jones, Karissa M. Dieseldorff, Park, Hyerim, Pinto, Jose R., Ghosh, Payal, Reid-Foley, Emily C., Ulrich, Brody, Delp, Michael D., Behnke, Brad J., and Muller-Delp, Judy M.
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AEROBIC exercises , *ADIPONECTIN , *REDUCING exercises , *TREADMILL exercise , *VASODILATION - Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that adiponectin deficiency attenuates cardiac and coronary microvascular function and prevents exercise training-induced adaptations of the myocardium and the coronary microvasculature in adult mice. Adult wild-type (WT) or adiponectin knockout (adiponectin KO) mice underwent treadmill exercise training or remained sedentary for 8-10 wk. Systolic and diastolic functions were assessed before and after exercise training or cage confinement. Vasoreactivity of coronary resistance arteries was assessed at the end of exercise training or cage confinement. Before exercise training, ejection fraction and fractional shortening were similar in adiponectin KO and WT mice, but isovolumic contraction time was significantly lengthened in adiponectin KO mice. Exercise training increased ejection fraction (12%) and fractional shortening (20%) with no change in isovolumic contraction time in WT mice. In adiponectin KO mice, both ejection fraction (-9%) and fractional shortening (-12%) were reduced after exercise training and these decreases were coupled to a further increase in isovolumic contraction time (20%). In sedentary mice, endothelium-dependent dilation to flow was higher in arterioles from adiponectin KO mice as compared with WT mice. Exercise training enhanced dilation to flow in WT mice but decreased flow-induced dilation in adiponectin KO mice. These data suggest that compensatory mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of cardiac and coronary microvascular function in sedentary mice lacking adiponectin; however, in the absence of adiponectin, cardiac and coronary microvascular adaptations to exercise training are compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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17. Cardiotoxicity of Chemical Substances: An Emerging Hazard Class
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Nikolaos Georgiadis, Konstantinos Tsarouhas, Jean-Lou C. M. Dorne, George E. N. Kass, Petroula Laspa, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou, Dimitrios Kouretas, and Christina Tsitsimpikou
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anthracyclines ,echocardiography ,ejection fraction ,fractional shortening ,biochemical indices ,creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
(1) Background: Human health risks and hazards from chemical substances are well regulated internationally. However, cardiotoxicity, is not defined as a stand-alone hazard and therefore there are no defined criteria for the classification of substances as cardiotoxic. Identifying and regulating substances that cause cardiovascular adverse effects would undoubtedly strengthen the national health systems. (2) Methods: To overcome the aforementioned gap, a roadmap is proposed for identifying regulatory criteria from animal studies and endorse legislation in order to classify substances as cardiotoxic. The roadmap consists of: (i) the identification of the appropriate animal species and strains; (ii) the identification of the lines of scientific evidence (e.g., histopathological, biochemical and echocardiographic indices etc.) from animal studies with relevance to humans; (iii) the statistical analysis and meta-analysis for each line of scientific evidence after exposure to well-established cardiotoxicants to humans (e.g., anthracyclines) in order to identify threshold values or range of normal and/ or altered values due to exposure; (iv) validation of the above described lines of evidence in animals exposed to other alleged cardiotoxic substances (e.g., anabolic androgen steroids (AAS) and pesticides); (v) establishment of mechanisms of action based on information of either known or alleged cardiotoxicants; and (vi) introduction of novel indices and in silico methods. (3) Results: Preliminary results in rats indicate a clear distinction from normal values to values measured in rats exposed to anthracyclines regarding left ventricle (LV) fractional shortening (FS) and LV ejection fraction (EF). A distinctive pattern is similarly observed for Creatine Kinase-Myocardial Band isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac tissue glutathione (GSH). These findings are encouraging and indicate that there is room for targeted research to this end, and that these specific indices and biochemical markers should be further investigated in order to be developed to regulatory criteria. (4) Conclusions: Further research should be conducted by both the scientific and regulatory community that aims to clearly define the cardiotoxicity hazard caused by chemicals and develop a full set of scientific criteria.
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- 2022
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18. The C-terminus of the long AKAP13 isoform (AKAP-Lbc) is critical for development of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy
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Taglieri, Domenico M, Johnson, Keven R, Burmeister, Brian T, Monasky, Michelle M, Spindler, Matthew J, DeSantiago, Jaime, Banach, Kathrin, Conklin, Bruce R, and Carnegie, Graeme K
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Medical Physiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Hypertension ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,A Kinase Anchor Proteins ,Angiotensin II ,Animals ,Aorta ,Apoptosis ,Cardiomegaly ,Collagen ,Female ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,Heart Failure ,Histone Deacetylases ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Transgenic ,Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ,Myocardium ,Phenylephrine ,Protein Kinase C ,Protein Structure ,Tertiary ,Signal Transduction ,A-Kinase Anchoring Protein ,Protein kinase D ,Cardiac hypertrophy ,Heart failure ,1M ,AT-II ,E/A ratio ,EDT ,EDV ,EF ,ET1 ,FS ,G protein coupled receptor ,GPCR ,HDAC5 ,HOP ,HW/BW ,LV ,LVAWD ,LVPWD ,PE ,PKA ,PKC ,PKD ,TAC ,WT ,angiotensin II ,early (E) to late (atrial A) ventricular filling velocity ratio ,ejection fraction ,end-diastolic volume ,endothelin1 ,fractional shortening ,heart weight to body weight ratio ,histone deacetylase 5 ,hydroxyproline ,left ventricular diastolic anterior wall thickness ,left ventricular diastolic posterior wall thickness ,left ventricular/ventricle ,one month ,phenylephrine ,protein kinase A ,protein kinase C ,protein kinase D ,transmitral early filling deceleration time ,transverse aortic constriction ,wild type ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Medical physiology - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the role of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP)-Lbc in the development of heart failure, by investigating AKAP-Lbc-protein kinase D1 (PKD1) signaling in vivo in cardiac hypertrophy. Using a gene-trap mouse expressing a truncated version of AKAP-Lbc (due to disruption of the endogenous AKAP-Lbc gene), that abolishes PKD1 interaction with AKAP-Lbc (AKAP-Lbc-ΔPKD), we studied two mouse models of pathological hypertrophy: i) angiotensin (AT-II) and phenylephrine (PE) infusion and ii) transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload. Our results indicate that AKAP-Lbc-ΔPKD mice exhibit an accelerated progression to cardiac dysfunction in response to AT-II/PE treatment and TAC. AKAP-Lbc-ΔPKD mice display attenuated compensatory cardiac hypertrophy, increased collagen deposition and apoptosis, compared to wild-type (WT) control littermates. Mechanistically, reduced levels of PKD1 activation are observed in AKAP-Lbc-ΔPKD mice compared to WT mice, resulting in diminished phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and decreased hypertrophic gene expression. This is consistent with a reduced compensatory hypertrophy phenotype leading to progression of heart failure in AKAP-Lbc-ΔPKD mice. Overall, our data demonstrates a critical in vivo role for AKAP-Lbc-PKD1 signaling in the development of compensatory hypertrophy to enhance cardiac performance in response to TAC-induced pressure overload and neurohumoral stimulation by AT-II/PE treatment.
- Published
- 2014
19. Echocardiographic quantitation of left heart size and function in 122 healthy dogs: A prospective study proposing reference intervals and assessing repeatability
- Author
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Lance C. Visser, Marisa M. Ciccozzi, Daniel J. Sintov, and Ashley N. Sharpe
- Subjects
ejection fraction ,fractional shortening ,left atrium ,left ventricle ,reference range ,reproducibility ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Broadly applicable reference intervals (RIs) for measurements of left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) size and function generated prospectively using statistically appropriate methods are limited. Objectives To generate body size‐independent RIs for linear, area, and volume measurements of LA size and LV size and function. Animals Healthy adult dogs (n = 122) of variable size and somatotype. Methods Prospective study. All dogs underwent an echocardiogram performed by the same examiner. Effects of body weight, sex, age, and heart rate were evaluated by regression and correlation analyses. Scaling exponents and prediction intervals were generated for linear measurements using the allometric equation. After normalization to body weight, 95% RIs were determined using nonparametric methods with 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles serving as the lower and upper limits (each with 90% confidence intervals), respectively. Results Linear LA and LV measurements were strongly correlated (R2 ≥ 0.79) with body weight. Scaling exponents were close to the expected 1/3 (0.299‐0.392). Prediction intervals for linear measurements of LV chamber size were considerably narrower than previously reported. Weak correlations (r = −0.42 to −0.50) among LV fractional shortening, fractional area change, and ejection fraction and body weight were identified. No other meaningful relationships were identified between the measurements and sex, age, and heart rate. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Body size‐independent RIs for several linear, area, and volume measurements of LA and LV size and function were generated prospectively from a large and diverse reference population and are available for clinical use.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening accurately predicts longitudinal strain in critically ill patients with septic shock.
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Johansson Blixt, Patrik, Chew, Michelle S., Åhman, Rasmus, de Geer, Lina, Blomqwist, Lill, Åström Aneq, Meriam, Engvall, Jan, and Andersson, Henrik
- Subjects
- *
SEPTIC shock , *IMAGE quality analysis , *CRITICALLY ill , *INTRACLASS correlation , *COMPUTER software quality control - Abstract
Background: Left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) may be a sensitive indicator of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with sepsis, but is dependent on high image quality and analysis software. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and the novel left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening (LV-LWFS) are bedside echocardiographic indicators of LV systolic function that are less dependent on image quality. Both are sparsely investigated in the critically ill population, and may potentially be used as surrogates for LVLS. We assessed if LVLS may be predicted by LV-LWFS and MAPSE in patients with septic shock. We also assessed the repeatability and inter-rater agreement of LVLS, LV-LWFS and MAPSE measurements. Results: 122 TTE studies from 3 echocardiographic data repositories of patients admitted to ICU with septic shock were retrospectively assessed, of which 73 were suitable for LVLS analysis using speckle tracking. The correlations between LVLS vs. LV-LWFS and LVLS vs. MAPSE were 0.89 (p < 0.001) and 0.81 (p < 0.001) with mean squared errors of 5.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Using the generated regression equation, LV-LWFS predicted LVLS with a high degree of accuracy and precision, with bias and limits of agreement of -0.044 ± 4.7% and mean squared prediction error of 5.8%. Interobserver repeatability was good, with high intraclass correlation coefficients (0.96–0.97), small bias and tight limits of agreement (≤ 4.1% for all analyses) between observers for all measurements. Conclusions: LV-LWFS may be used to estimate LVLS in patients with septic shock. MAPSE also performed well, but was slightly inferior compared to LV-LWFS in estimating LVLS. Feasibility of MAPSE and LV-LWFS was excellent, as was interobserver repeatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Measurement of fetal automated fractional shortening using two-dimensional tracking in multiple centers.
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Nagasaki, Sumito, Nakata, Masahiko, Takano, Mayumi, Sakuma, Junya, Nagai, Ryuhei, Miyashita, Susumu, Takahashi, Yuichiro, Iwagaki, Shigenori, Yamamoto, Yuka, and Morita, Mineto
- Abstract
Purpose: To establish a normal reference range for automated fractional shortening (Auto FS) in normal singleton fetuses measured at multiple centers. Methods: This study was conducted from May 2017 to March 2019. It was undertaken on normal singleton fetuses. First, a four-chamber view of the fetal heart was recorded in the B-mode. Then, the region of interest was set on the edge of the ventricular septum and on the edge of the ventricular muscle at a point one-third away from the atrioventricular valve and toward the cardiac apex. Tracking was automatically performed. Values measured in the right ventricle were defined as R-Auto FS, and in the left ventricle as L-Auto FS. Furthermore, combined-Auto FS was defined as the measurement across both ventricles. Results: A total of 442 normal fetuses were assessed. R-Auto FS decreased significantly with gestational age, and L-Auto FS showed a similar tendency (Spearman's correlation analysis: r
s = − 0.415 and rs = − 0.252, respectively). Combined-Auto FS showed a similar decline as the gestational age increased (rs = − 0.451). Conclusion: In this study, we succeeded in defining a reference Auto FS value not only at one institution but also multiple centers. This study suggests that Auto FS can be used clinically and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
22. Acyl ghrelin improves cardiac function in heart failure and increases fractional shortening in cardiomyocytes without calcium mobilization
- Author
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Lund, Lars H., Hage, Camilla, Pironti, Gianluigi, Thorvaldsen, Tonje, Ljung-Faxén, Ulrika, Zabarovskaja, Stanislava, Shahgaldi, Kambiz, Webb, Dominic-Luc, Hellström, Per M., Andersson, Daniel C., Ståhlberg, Marcus, Lund, Lars H., Hage, Camilla, Pironti, Gianluigi, Thorvaldsen, Tonje, Ljung-Faxén, Ulrika, Zabarovskaja, Stanislava, Shahgaldi, Kambiz, Webb, Dominic-Luc, Hellström, Per M., Andersson, Daniel C., and Ståhlberg, Marcus
- Abstract
Background and Aims Ghrelin is an endogenous appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with potential cardiovascular benefits. Effects of acylated (activated) ghrelin were assessed in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in ex vivo mouse cardiomyocytes. Methods and results In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, 31 patients with chronic HFrEF were randomized to synthetic human acyl ghrelin (0.1 µg/kg/min) or placebo intravenously over 120 min. The primary outcome was change in cardiac output (CO). Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with acyl ghrelin and fractional shortening and calcium transients were assessed. Acyl ghrelin but not placebo increased cardiac output (acyl ghrelin: 4.08 ± 1.15 to 5.23 ± 1.98 L/min; placebo: 4.26 ± 1.23 to 4.11 ± 1.99 L/min, P < 0.001). Acyl ghrelin caused a significant increase in stroke volume and nominal increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental longitudinal strain and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. There were no effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, or ischaemia. Heart rate decreased nominally (acyl ghrelin: 71 ± 11 to 67 ± 11 b.p.m.; placebo 69 ± 8 to 68 ± 10 b.p.m.). In cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased fractional shortening, did not affect cellular Ca2+ transients, and reduced troponin I phosphorylation. The increase in fractional shortening and reduction in troponin I phosphorylation was blocked by the acyl ghrelin antagonist D-Lys 3. Conclusion In patients with HFrEF, acyl ghrelin increased cardiac output without causing hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or ischaemia. In isolated cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased contractility independently of preload and afterload and without Ca2+ mobilization, which may explain the lack of clinical side effects. Ghrelin treatment should be explored in additional randomized trials.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Renal dysfunction can occur in advanced-stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
- Author
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Motoki, Takahiro, Shimizu‐Motohashi, Yuko, Saito, Isao, Komaki, Hirofumi, Ishiyama, Akihiko, Aibara, Kaori, Jogamoto, Toshihiro, Tezuka, Yuko, Kawabe, Mika, Makino, Akira, Nagatani, Koji, Tatara, Katsunori, Kuwabara, Kozue, Kikuchi, Chiya, Fukuda, Mitsumasa, Ishii, Eiichi, Eguchi, Mariko, and Shimizu-Motohashi, Yuko
- Subjects
- *
PROTEINS , *DISEASE progression , *KIDNEY function tests , *DUCHENNE muscular dystrophy , *KIDNEY diseases , *HEART function tests , *AGING , *HEART diseases , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Introduction: With improved treatments, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can survive far beyond adolescence. However, advanced-stage DMD patients are at risk of developing renal dysfunction. In this study, long-term renal function outcomes and associated risk factors in advanced stage DMD were analyzed.Methods: Fifty-one patients were classified into three different age groups (<20, 20-29, and ≥30 years of age), and cystatin C (CysC) levels were compared among groups.Results: Median serum CysC levels were 0.74 mg/L, 0.63 mg/L, and 0.76 mg/L in the age groups of <20, 20-29, and ≥30 years, respectively (P = .003). Five of the nine patients in the ≥30 years age group showed elevated serum CysC and decreased cardiac function compared with the other four in the group (P = .014).Discussion: Our results indicate an association between cardiac and renal dysfunction in patients with advanced-stage DMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The relationship between right ventricular outflow tract fractional shortening and Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index in acute pulmonary embolism
- Author
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Ekrem Şahan, Murat Karamanlıoğlu, Suzan Şahan, Murat Gül, Ahmet Korkmaz, and Omaç Tüfekçioğlu
- Subjects
echocardiography ,fractional shortening ,pulmonary embolism ,pulmonary embolism severity index ,right ventricular function. ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Objective: Right ventricular (RV) functions are clinically important in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Measurement of systolic function of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with echocardiography is a simple method to evaluate RV function. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between RVOT systolic function and the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI). Methods: A total of 151 patients diagnosed with APE by pulmonary computed tomography angiography or ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy were included. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on the simplified PESI (sPESI): sPESI 1 patients (58.7+-12.9 years vs. 61.1+-12.7 years, respectively). Frequency of male gender was significantly higher in PESI
- Published
- 2017
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25. Feasibility of automated fetal fractional shortening measurement with two-dimensional tracking and construction of a reference range for normal fetuses.
- Author
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Nagasaki, Sumito, Nakata, Masahiko, Takano, Mayumi, Usui, Kento, Sakuma, Junya, Hayata, Eijiro, and Morita, Mineto
- Abstract
Purpose: To assess the feasibility of an automated fractional shortening (Auto FS) measurement method using two-dimensional tracking and to construct a reference range for normal fetuses. Methods: This study was conducted from May 2017 to March 2018. First, cardiac motion in the four-chamber view was recorded in the B-mode. Subsequently, the region of interest was set on the edge of the ventricular septum or ventricular muscle at a point one-third away from the atrioventricular valve toward the cardiac apex. Tracking was automatically performed. Values measured between the ventricular septum and right ventricle were defined as R-Auto FS, whereas those measured between the ventricular septum and left ventricle were defined as L-Auto FS. Those on each ventricular muscle were defined as Combined-Auto FS. Results: Data were obtained from 131 singleton fetuses. R-Auto FS significantly decreased with an increase in the number of gestational weeks, and L-Auto FS and Combined-Auto FS showed the same tendency (Spearman's correlation analysis: p = −.528, p = −.351, and p = −.636, respectively). Conclusion: We succeeded in defining a reference Auto FS value for normal singleton pregnancies. Auto FS was negatively correlated with gestational age. This novel technique can assess fetal heart contractility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Left Ventricular Systolic Function
- Author
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Herway, Seth T., Boban, Raimy, Khoche, Swapnil, Maus, Timothy M., editor, Nhieu, Sonia, editor, and Herway, Seth T., editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Acyl ghrelin improves cardiac function in heart failure and increases fractional shortening in cardiomyocytes without calcium mobilization
- Author
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Lars H Lund, Camilla Hage, Gianluigi Pironti, Tonje Thorvaldsen, Ulrika Ljung-Faxén, Stanislava Zabarovskaja, Kambiz Shahgaldi, Dominic-Luc Webb, Per M Hellström, Daniel C Andersson, and Marcus Ståhlberg
- Subjects
Cardiac output ,Acylated ghrelin ,Kardiologi ,Heart failure ,Contractility ,Ghrelin ,Fractional shortening ,Stroke volume ,Acyl ghrelin ,Inotrope ,Myotrope ,Calcium ,Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background and AimsGhrelin is an endogenous appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with potential cardiovascular benefits. Effects of acylated (activated) ghrelin were assessed in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in ex vivo mouse cardiomyocytes.Methods and resultsIn a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, 31 patients with chronic HFrEF were randomized to synthetic human acyl ghrelin (0.1 µg/kg/min) or placebo intravenously over 120 min. The primary outcome was change in cardiac output (CO). Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with acyl ghrelin and fractional shortening and calcium transients were assessed. Acyl ghrelin but not placebo increased cardiac output (acyl ghrelin: 4.08 ± 1.15 to 5.23 ± 1.98 L/min; placebo: 4.26 ± 1.23 to 4.11 ± 1.99 L/min, P < 0.001). Acyl ghrelin caused a significant increase in stroke volume and nominal increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental longitudinal strain and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. There were no effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, or ischaemia. Heart rate decreased nominally (acyl ghrelin: 71 ± 11 to 67 ± 11 b.p.m.; placebo 69 ± 8 to 68 ± 10 b.p.m.). In cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased fractional shortening, did not affect cellular Ca2+ transients, and reduced troponin I phosphorylation. The increase in fractional shortening and reduction in troponin I phosphorylation was blocked by the acyl ghrelin antagonist D-Lys 3.ConclusionIn patients with HFrEF, acyl ghrelin increased cardiac output without causing hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or ischaemia. In isolated cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased contractility independently of preload and afterload and without Ca2+ mobilization, which may explain the lack of clinical side effects. Ghrelin treatment should be explored in additional randomized trials.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05277415
- Published
- 2023
28. Echocardiographic quantitation of left heart size and function in 122 healthy dogs: A prospective study proposing reference intervals and assessing repeatability.
- Author
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Visser, Lance C., Ciccozzi, Marisa M., Sintov, Daniel J., and Sharpe, Ashley N.
- Subjects
- *
ALLOMETRIC equations , *LONGITUDINAL method , *STATISTICAL reliability , *GENERATING functions , *BODY weight , *LEFT heart ventricle , *SOMATOTYPES , *LEFT heart atrium - Abstract
Background: Broadly applicable reference intervals (RIs) for measurements of left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) size and function generated prospectively using statistically appropriate methods are limited. Objectives: To generate body size‐independent RIs for linear, area, and volume measurements of LA size and LV size and function. Animals: Healthy adult dogs (n = 122) of variable size and somatotype. Methods: Prospective study. All dogs underwent an echocardiogram performed by the same examiner. Effects of body weight, sex, age, and heart rate were evaluated by regression and correlation analyses. Scaling exponents and prediction intervals were generated for linear measurements using the allometric equation. After normalization to body weight, 95% RIs were determined using nonparametric methods with 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles serving as the lower and upper limits (each with 90% confidence intervals), respectively. Results: Linear LA and LV measurements were strongly correlated (R2 ≥ 0.79) with body weight. Scaling exponents were close to the expected 1/3 (0.299‐0.392). Prediction intervals for linear measurements of LV chamber size were considerably narrower than previously reported. Weak correlations (r = −0.42 to −0.50) among LV fractional shortening, fractional area change, and ejection fraction and body weight were identified. No other meaningful relationships were identified between the measurements and sex, age, and heart rate. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Body size‐independent RIs for several linear, area, and volume measurements of LA and LV size and function were generated prospectively from a large and diverse reference population and are available for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Interobserver agreement between non‐cardiologist veterinarians and a cardiologist after a 6‐hour training course for echographic evaluation of basic echocardiographic parameters and caudal vena cava diameter in 15 healthy Beagles.
- Author
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Darnis, Elodie, Merveille, Anne Christine, Desquilbet, Loïc, Boysen, Soren, and Gommeren, Kris
- Subjects
- *
VENAE cavae , *LEFT heart atrium , *PULMONARY veins , *CARDIOLOGISTS , *DIAMETER , *BEAGLE (Dog breed) , *VETERINARIANS - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular focused assessment with sonography for trauma and triage (CV‐FAST) interobserver agreement for echocardiographic parameters and caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter measurement, between a cardiologist and 2 non‐cardiologists after a 6‐hour training course. Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Fifteen healthy Beagle dogs. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Echocardiography parameters were assessed via standardized views. Caudal vena cava was assessed via a subxiphoid window (CVC‐SubX) using 3 measurements (minimal and maximal CVC diameter, and collapsibility index) and via a dorsolateral window (CVC‐DL) using 1 measurement (CVC diameter). Bland–Altman analysis assessed agreement of each non‐cardiologist with the cardiologist; coefficients of variation (CoV) quantified variability between observers. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and CoVs were considered acceptable for left atrial diameter, left atrium to aortic ratio, normalized left ventricle diameter in diastole and systole but non‐acceptable for fractional shortening and pulmonary vein to pulmonary artery ratio. For CVC‐SubX, the 95% LOA for maximum CVC diameter were acceptable, while minimum CVC diameter and CVC collapsibility index were non‐acceptable. The CoVs were good for maximum and minimum CVC (7%) and poor for collapsibility index (37%). For CVC‐DL, the 95% LOA were non‐acceptable, although the CoV was considered good (11%). Conclusions: A 6‐hour training course in echocardiography allows non‐cardiologists to assess left atrial diameter, left atrium to aortic ratio, normalized left ventricle diameter in diastole and systole, and CVCmax of the CV‐FAST exam in healthy Beagles. Standardization of the CVC‐SubX technique and assessment of the impact of the respiratory phase on CVC diameter in dogs is needed. Further studies are required to determine whether interobserver agreement remains acceptable when including different breeds. Assessment of basic echocardiographic parameters and the CVC to estimate volume status in small animal medicine merits further clinical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Semi-automated detection of fractional shortening in zebrafish embryo heart videos
- Author
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Nasrat Sara, Marcato Daniel, Hirth Sofia, Reischl Markus, and Pylatiuk Christian
- Subjects
fractional shortening ,heart ,semi-automatic quantification ,zebrafish ,Medicine - Abstract
Quantifying cardiac functions in model organisms like embryonic zebrafish is of high importance in small molecule screens for new therapeutic compounds. One relevant cardiac parameter is the fractional shortening (FS). A method for semi-automatic quantification of FS in video recordings of zebrafish embryo hearts is presented. The software provides automated visual information about the end-systolic and end-diastolic stages of the heart by displaying corresponding colored lines into a Motion-mode display. After manually marking the ventricle diameters in frames of end-systolic and end-diastolic stages, the FS is calculated. The software was evaluated by comparing the results of the determination of FS with results obtained from another established method. Correlations of 0.96 < r < 0.99 between the two methods were found indicating that the new software provides comparable results for the determination of the FS.
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
31. Left and Right Ventricles 3D Imaging
- Author
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Vegas, Annette, Meineri, Massimiliano, Jerath, Angela, Vegas, Annette, Meineri, Massimiliano, and Jerath, Angela
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Injectable and conductive cardiac patches repair infarcted myocardium in rats and minipigs
- Author
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Bingyun Li, Leyu Wang, Xiaozhong Qiu, Baoyong Gong, Malcolm Xing, Yezhi Guan, Yuqing Liu, Yutong He, Kibret Mequanint, and Genlan Ye
- Subjects
Ejection fraction ,biology ,Chemistry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,Fractional shortening ,Anterior Descending Coronary Artery ,medicine.disease ,Computer Science Applications ,Electrophysiology ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Myocardial infarction ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Ligation ,Elastin ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Cardiac patches can help to restore the electrophysiological properties of the heart after myocardial infarction. However, scaffolds for the repair of heart muscle typically require surgical implantation or, if they are injectable, they are not electrically conductive or do not maintain their shape or function. Here, we report the performance, as demonstrated for the repair of infarcted heart muscle in rats and minipigs, of injectable and conductive scaffolds consisting of methacrylated elastin and gelatin, and carbon nanotubes that display shape-memory behaviour, a hierarchical porous structure and a negligible Poisson’s ratio. In rats, the implantation of cell-free patches or patches seeded with rat cardiomyocytes onto the myocardium after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery led to functional repair after 4 weeks, as indicated by increases in fractional shortening and the ejection fraction, and by a decrease in the infarcted area. We also observed measures of functional recovery in minipigs with infarcted hearts after the delivery of cell-free patches or patches incorporating cardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. Injectable and electrically conductive scaffolds displaying shape-memory behaviour and a hierarchical porous structure enhance the functional repair of infarcted heart muscle in rats and minipigs.
- Published
- 2021
33. Machine Learning Methods for Automated Quantification of Ventricular Dimensions
- Author
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Schutera, Mark, Just, Steffen, Gierten, Jakob, Mikut, Ralf, Reischl, Markus, and Pylatiuk, Christian
- Subjects
Automated ,Time series ,Image Processing ,Machine Learning ,Deep Learning ,diastole ,Dorsal ,Segmentation ,FS ,Quantification ,heart rate ,systole ,ejection fraction ,Ventricle dimensions ,Zebrafish ,volume ,Danio rerio ,estimation ,Heart ,Video ,U-Net ,Ventricular dimensions ,diastolic ,fractional shortening ,Image ,systolic ,Ventricle ,Camera ,heartbeat - Abstract
Machine learning methods for automated quantification of ventricular dimensions (for further details see Wiki below or take a closer look at our paper: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/zeb.2019.1754 ).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Echocardiographic evolution of left ventricular function in childhood leukemia survivors.
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Aznar, Elena Guadalupe Corella, Casas, Ariadna Ayerza, Escribano, Maria Ángeles Carlota Calvo, Montañés, Lorenzo Jiménez, Aizpún, José Ignacio Labarta, and Villagrasa, Pilar Samper
- Abstract
Abstract Background Cardiac events are the most common nonmalignant cause of death in childhood cancer survivors. This population has an increased risk of morbimortality, probably secondary to the treatment side effects. The objective was to determine the prevalence and determinants of left ventricular dysfunction in a cohort of long term childhood acute leukemia survivors treated with potentially cardiotoxic therapies. Methods Retrospective study with at least 10 years of follow-up, diagnosed between 1999 and 2003. The reduction percentage of the fractional shortening and ejection fraction was calculated from the diagnosis to the end of treatment and 10 years after the end of treatment. The factors associated with their decrease were analyzed. Results The fractional shortening and ejection fraction experienced a significant decrease 10 years after the end of treatment from 38.16 to 32 and 69.08 to 60.79, respectively. Reduction was more pronounced during the evaluation of the first year after treatment (−10.3% and −8.96%, P <0.05). Associated with high tumor risk and adjuvant treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and total body radiation. No differences were found in the total anthracycline doses received. Patients with the greatest decrease had a lower age at the time of diagnosis (mean 5.7 ± 4.5 years), 62.5% (5/8) less at 5 years, and 75% received radiotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Conclusion There is already a significant decrease in the fractional shortening and ejection fraction during the first year after the end of the treatment, which is maintained 10 years after the end of treatment. Associated with high tumor risk and with total body radiation treatment and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Twenty‐four Segment Transverse Ventricular Fractional Shortening: A New Technique to Evaluate Fetal Cardiac Function.
- Author
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DeVore, Greggory R., Klas, Berthold, Satou, Gary, and Sklansky, Mark
- Subjects
FETAL heart ,TRICUSPID valve ,FEMUR measurement ,FETAL development ,CONGENITAL heart disease - Abstract
Objectives: Because of various fetal and maternal disease states, this study was conducted to evaluate the fractional shortening of 24 transverse segments distributed from the base to the apex of the ventricular chambers. Methods: Two hundred control fetuses were examined between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation. The transverse displacement of the ventricular endocardium during the cardiac cycle was computed by using offline software. From the output of the analysis, 24 end‐diastolic and end‐systolic segments were measured from the base (segment 1) to the apex (segment 24) of the right and left ventricles, and the fractional shortening was computed: [(end‐diastolic length – end‐systolic length)/end‐diastolic length] × 100. Examples of fetal cardiovascular abnormalities were selected to demonstrate the utility of this technique. Results: The fractional shortening for each segment was independent of gestational age and fetal biometric measurements. There was no significant difference in fractional shortening for segments 1 to 5 between the right and left ventricles. However, the fractional shortening of the left ventricle was significantly greater (
P < .0001) than that of the right ventricle for segments 6 to 24, suggesting that the mid and apical segments of the left ventricle have increased displacement toward the center of the chamber compared to the right ventricle. Fetuses with various cardiac structural abnormalities had abnormal fractional shortening values. Conclusions: The fractional shortening of 24 segments of the right and left ventricles provides a comprehensive method to examine the contractility of the ventricular chambers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The relationship between right ventricular outflow tract fractional shortening and Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index in acute pulmonary embolism.
- Author
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Şahan, Ekrem, Karamanlıoğlu, Murat, Şahan, Suzan, Gül, Murat, Korkmaz, Ahmet, and Tüfekçioğlu, Omaç
- Abstract
Objective: Right ventricular (RV) functions are clinically important in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Measurement of systolic function of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with echocardiography is a simple method to evaluate RV function. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between RVOT systolic function and the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI). Methods: A total of 151 patients diagnosed with APE by pulmonary computed tomography angiography or ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy were included. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on the simplified PESI (sPESI): sPESI <1 (n=85) and sPESI Methods: A total of 151 patients diagnosed with APE by pulmonary computed tomography angiography or ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy were included. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on the simplified PESI (sPESI): sPESI <1 (n=85) and sPESI =1 (n=66). RV conventional parameters, RVOT dimensions, and fractional shortening (RVOT-FS) were also measured.1 (n=66). RV conventional parameters, RVOT dimensions, and fractional shortening (RVOT-FS) were also measured. Results: Mean age was similar between sPESI <1 and >1 patients (58.7±12.9 years vs. 61.1±12.7 years, respectively). Frequency of male gender was significantly higher in PESI <1 group (61.2% vs. 40.2%, p=0.013). No significant differences were found between the groups in fasting glucose, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, troponin, and D-dimer levels, and left ventricular ejection fraction. RVOT-FS was higher in patients with sPESI <1 than in patients with sPESI ≥1 (34.41±3.56 vs. 22.98±4.22), and this difference was significant (p<0.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values were lower and pulmonary artery systolic pressure values were higher in the sPESI ≥1 group, which was also statistically significant (p<0.05). Mortality occurred in 7 patients with sPESI <1 and in 16 patients with sPESI ≥1. The mortality rate was higher in patients with lower RVOT-FS, and a RVOT-FS <0.22 predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 54.5% (AUC: 0.674, 95% CI 0.552-0.796; p=0.009). Conclusion: The RVOT-FS is a noninvasive measurement of RV systolic function, is well-correlated with the sPESI score, and associated with mortality in patients with APE. This easily applied measurement may be used to predict short-term mortality in patients with APE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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37. Estimating filling pressures in paediatric heart transplant recipients using echocardiographic parameters and B-type natriuretic peptide
- Author
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Aarti Bhat, Erin L. Albers, Brian D. Soriano, Neal W. Jorgensen, Yuk M. Law, Richard A. Kronmal, Bereketeab Haileselassie, Bethany L. Wisotzkey, Mariksa S Kemna, and Robert J Bouccek
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Diastole ,Hemodynamics ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Ventricular Function, Left ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ,Heart rate ,Natriuretic peptide ,medicine ,Humans ,Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Systole ,Child ,Pulmonary wedge pressure ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Fractional shortening ,Echocardiography ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Pulmonary artery ,Cardiology ,Heart Transplantation ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background:Longitudinal evaluation of allograft diastolic function in paediatric heart transplant recipients is important for early detection of acute rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and graft dysfunction. Mean diastolic right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures obtained at catheterisation are the reference standards for assessment. Echocardiography is non-invasive and more suitable for serial surveillance, but individual parameters have lacked accuracy. This study aimed to identify covariates of post-transplant mean right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, including B-type natriuretic peptide and certain echocardiographic parameters.Methods:A retrospective review of 143 scheduled cardiac catheterisations and echocardiograms from 56 paediatric recipients transplanted from 2007 to 2011 was performed. Samples with rejection were excluded. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models using backward selection were applied to a database consisting of B-type natriuretic peptide, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic data.Results:Ln B-type natriuretic peptide, heart rate z-score, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension z-score, mitral E/e’, and percent interventricular septal thickening in systole were independently associated with mean right atrial pressure. Ln B-type natriuretic peptide, heart rate z-score, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension z-score, left ventricular mass (observed/predicted), and mitral E/e’ were independently associated with mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Covariates of B-type natriuretic peptide included mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, height, haemoglobin, fractional shortening, percent interventricular septal thickening in systole, and pulmonary vascular resistance index.Conclusions:B-type natriuretic peptide and echocardiographic indices of diastolic function were independently related to post-transplant mean right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in paediatric heart transplant recipients without rejection.
- Published
- 2021
38. Long-Term Functional Results of Patients Operated for Isolated Discrete Subaortic Stenosis
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Emin Alp Alayunt, Faik Fevzi Okur, Funda Tetik, Savaş Demirpençe, and Veysel Şahin
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Male ,Reoperation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Longitudinal strain ,Diastole ,Resection ,Vascular Stiffness ,Recurrence ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Discrete Subaortic Stenosis ,Humans ,In patient ,Child ,Aortic strain ,Retrospective Studies ,Ejection fraction ,business.industry ,Stroke Volume ,General Medicine ,Fractional shortening ,Treatment Outcome ,Echocardiography ,Cardiology ,Female ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Vascular Surgical Procedures ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the long-term functional results of patients with isolated discrete subaortic stenosis who underwent subaortic membrane resection and myectomy, using transthoracic M-mode echocardiography and 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Methods: Twenty patients operated for isolated discrete subaortic stenosis and 31 controls were included in the study. Patients underwent subaortic membrane resection and myectomy. During the long-term follow up, patients were evaluated with transthoracic M-mode echocardiography and 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography for functional assessment. Results: The mean age at operation and mean duration of follow up was 8.1±5.6 years and 7.2±3.3 years, respectively. Interventricular septal thickness at diastole (0.9±0.1 vs. 0.8±0.1 cm, P = 0.001), ejection time (285.7±26.2 vs. 261.2±24.3 msec, P = 0.001), and aortic strain (15.6±3.7 vs. 10.5±4.0, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients. On the other hand, ejection fraction (64.9±6.1 vs. 75.1±5.4 %, P < 0.001), fractional shortening (35.0±5.1 vs. 43.7±5.1, P < 0.001), and corrected velocity circumferential fiber shortening (0.12±0.02 vs. 0.17±0.03, P < 0.001) were significantly lower, when compared with the controls. Longitudinal strain value significantly differed among the groups, with patients having significantly lower strain (18.8±1.8 vs. 20.1±2.1, P = 0.021). Conclusion: In patients operated for isolated discrete subaortic stenosis, aortic gradient seems to continue in the long-term, with the persistence of low longitudinal strain.
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- 2021
39. Effects of cardiac medications on ventricular function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy–related cardiomyopathy
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Alexander P Murphy, Volker Straub, Alison Heads-Baister, Stephen Lord, Anna Johnson, and John P. Bourke
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Duchenne muscular dystrophy ,Cardiomyopathy ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Ventricular Function ,In patient ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Ejection fraction ,Ventricular function ,business.industry ,Stroke Volume ,Fractional shortening ,medicine.disease ,Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ,Natural history ,Heart failure ,Cardiology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiomyopathies ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction / aims DMD Care Considerations Working Group Guidelines 2010 recommended treating cardiac dystrophinopathy with ACE-inhibitor and beta-blocker therapy to prevent the progressive decline in left ventricular function expected from earlier, natural history studies. The aim of this research was to audit change in measures of left ventricular function over eight years - four years before and four after deploying an ACE-inhibitor-beta-blocker combination systematically at a dedicated 'cardiology-muscle' clinic. Methods This is an institutionally registered, retrospective, case-file based audit of serial echocardiographic measures of left ventricular fractional shortening accumulated over the period 1995-2015. Results Data from 104 genetically confirmed DMD patients, aged 22.2 + 5.3 years at data censure were included. Mean age at first detection of left ventricular dysfunction was 15.1 + 4.2 years - but older in those on maintenance steroid therapy (16.8 + 4.2 versus14.5 + 4.1 years; p = 0.04). Group mean fractional shortening fell by 1.5% / year over the four years pre-therapy, but this reduced to 0.9% / year over the first four years after starting therapy. Analysis of limited left ventricular ejection fraction measures showed similar but non-significant changes. Neither age at detection of left ventricular dysfunction nor fractional shortening % at time of therapy initiation affected the beneficial response. Discussion The results support the international DMD recommendations of the time. This combination of cardiac medications helps stabilise heart function. For best long-term effects, therapy needs to be initiated no later than on first detecting left ventricular impairment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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- 2021
40. Characterizing a long-term chronic heart failure model by transcriptomic alterations and monitoring of cardiac remodeling
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Kaitong Chen, Cankun Zheng, Yulin Liao, Siyuan Ma, Wangjun Liao, Hairuo Lin, Yingqi Zhu, Jianping Bin, Lin Chen, and Qiancheng Wang
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,mice ,Time Factors ,Myocardial Infarction ,Hemodynamics ,Differential analysis ,Transcriptome ,Electrocardiography ,transcriptomic profiling ,Internal medicine ,Animals ,Medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,Heart Failure ,Ventricular Remodeling ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Cardiac Rupture ,Wnt signaling pathway ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cell Biology ,Fractional shortening ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Heart failure ,Cardiology ,cardiac remodeling ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
The long-term characteristics of transcriptomic alterations and cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in mice are not well elucidated. This study aimed to reveal the dynamic changes in the transcriptome and cardiac remodeling in post-MI mice over a long time period. Monitoring C57BL/6 mice with MI for 8 months showed that approximately 44% of mice died of cardiac rupture in the first 2 weeks and others survived to 8 months with left ventricular (LV) aneurysm. The transcriptomic profiling analysis of cardiac tissues showed that the Integrin and WNT pathways were activated at 8 months after MI while the metabolism-related pathways were inversely inhibited. Subsequent differential analysis at 1 and 8 months post-MI revealed significant enrichments in biological processes, including consistent regulation of metabolism-related pathways. Moreover, echocardiographic monitoring showed a progressive increase in LV dimensions and a decrease in the LV fractional shortening during the first 4 weeks, and these parameters progressed at a lower rate till 8 months. A similar trend was found in the invasive LV hemodynamics, cardiac morphological and histological analyses. These results suggested that mouse MI model is ideal for long-term studies, and transcriptomic findings may provide new CHF therapeutic targets.
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- 2021
41. Cardiac Remodeling from Middle Age to Senescence
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Mikko J. Möttönen, Olavi Ukkola, Jarmo Lumme, Y. Antero Kesäniemi, Heikki V. Huikuri, and Juha S. Perkiömäki
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aging ,cardiac remodeling ,left ventricular size ,left ventricular mass ,left ventricular walls ,fractional shortening ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Background: The data on cardiac remodeling outside the scope of myocardial infarction and heart failure are limited.Methods: A cohort of middle-aged hypertensive subjects with age- and gender-matched control subjects without hypertension (n = 1,045, aged 51 ± 6 years) were randomly selected for the OPERA study (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis study). The majority of those who were still alive after more than 20 years of follow-up underwent thorough re-examinations.Results: Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) increased significantly from 106.5 ± 27.1 (mean ± SD) to 114.6 ± 29.1 g/m2 (p < 0.001), the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) from 10.0 ± 1.8 to 10.6 ± 1.7 mm (p < 0.001), fractional shortening (FS) from 35.0 ± 5.7 to 38.4 ± 7.2 % (p < 0.001), and left atrial diameter (LAD) from 38.8 ± 5.2 to 39.4 ± 6.7 mm (p = 0.028) during the 20-year follow-up. After multivariate adjustments, hypertension treated with antihypertensive medication and male gender predicted a smaller increase in the thickness of LVPW (p = 0.017 to
- Published
- 2017
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42. Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope is Strongly Correlated to VO2peak Long-Term After Arterial Switch Operation
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Nico A. Blom, Covadonga Terol Espinosa de los Monteros, L. A. J. Rammeloo, Arend D. J. ten Harkel, Monique R.M. Jongbloed, Mark G. Hazekamp, Roel L.F. van der Palen, Paediatric Cardiology, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Heart Ventricles ,Transposition of Great Vessels ,Arterial switch operation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oxygen Consumption ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reference Values ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Ventricular Function ,Transposition of the great arteries ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Oxygen uptake efficiency slope ,Exercise ,Congenital heart disease ,TGA ,Exercise Tolerance ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,VO2 max ,Cardiopulmonary exercise testing ,Fractional shortening ,Oxygen uptake ,Cardiac surgery ,Oxygen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Echocardiography ,Ventricle ,Great arteries ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Exercise Test ,Cardiology ,Original Article ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
After the arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA), many patients have an impaired exercise tolerance. Exercise tolerance is determined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing by peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Unlike VO2peak, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) does not require a maximal effort for interpretation. The value of OUES has not been assessed in a large group of patients after ASO. The purpose of this study was to determine OUES and VO2peak, evaluate its interrelationship and assess whether exercise tolerance is related to ventricular function after ASO. A cardiopulmonary exercise testing, assessment of physical activity score and transthoracic echocardiography (fractional shortening and left/right ventricular global longitudinal peak strain) were performed to 48 patients after ASO. Median age at follow-up after ASO was 16.0 (IQR 13.0–18.0) years. Shortening fraction was normal (36 ± 6%). Left and right global longitudinal peak strain were reduced: 15.1 ± 2.4% and 19.5 ± 4.5%. This group of patients showed lower values for all cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters compared to the reference values: mean VO2peak% 75% (95% CI 72–77) and mean OUES% 82(95% CI 77–87); without significant differences between subtypes of TGA. A strong-to-excellent correlation between the VO2peak and OUES was found (absolute values: R = 0.90, p R = 0.79, p 2peak were lower in patients after ASO compared to reference values but are strongly correlated, making OUES a valuable tool to use in this patient group when maximal effort is not achievable.
- Published
- 2021
43. Effects of pimobendan on left atrial transport function in cats
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Samantha L Kochie, Annie Showers, Jaylyn D. Rhinehart, Karsten E. Schober, Randolph L Winter, John D. Bonagura, and Vedat Yildez
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medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Cardiology ,Standard Article ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cat Diseases ,Placebo ,Cohort Studies ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Left atrial ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,echocardiography ,Vetmedin ,Animals ,Heart Atria ,Prospective Studies ,arterial thromboembolism ,feline ,CATS ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,Sequela ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fractional shortening ,Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,medicine.disease ,Standard Articles ,Pyridazines ,Pimobendan ,Cats ,Atrial Function, Left ,SMALL ANIMAL ,Analysis of variance ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Arterial thromboembolism is a sequela of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats related to left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction. Hypothesis Pimobendan improves LA transport function in cats. Animals Twenty-two client-owned cats with HCM and 11 healthy cats. Methods Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical cohort study. Cats were randomized to receive either pimobendan (0.25 mg/kg PO q12h) or placebo for 4 to 7 days. Nineteen echocardiographic variables of LA size and function were evaluated. Statistical comparisons included t tests, analysis of variance, and multivariable analyses. Results Peak velocity of left auricular appendage flow (LAapp peak; mean ± SD, 0.85 ± 0.20 vs 0.71 ± 0.22 m/s; P = .01), maximum LA volume (P = .03), LA total emptying volume (P = .03), peak velocity of late diastolic transmitral flow (A peak velocity; 0.77 ± 0.12 vs 0.62 ± 0.17 m/s; P = .05), and A velocity time integral (A VTI; 3.05 ± 0.69 vs 3.37 ± 0.49; P = .05) were increased after pimobendan. Mean change after pimobendan was larger in cats with HCM compared to healthy cats for LA fractional shortening (2.1% vs -2.1%; P = .05), A VTI (0.58 vs 0.01 cm; P = .01), LAapp peak (0.20 vs 0.02 m/s; P = .02), LA kinetic energy (3.51 vs -0.10 kdynes-cm; P = .05), and LA ejection force (1.93 vs -0.07 kdynes; P = .01) in the multivariable model. The stronger effect of pimobendan in cats with HCM was independent of LA size. Conclusions and clinical importance We identified positive, albeit minor, effects of pimobendan on LA function in cats with HCM. Whether or not treatment with pimobendan decreases the risk of cardiogenic embolism deserves further study.
- Published
- 2020
44. Echocardiography of the right ventricle in infancy: Do early feeding practices make a difference?
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Azza M Abul-Fadl, Eman Gamal Amer, Mohamed Darwish, Nehad Taha Bishr, and Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
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Cardiac function curve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac output ,Ventricular function ,business.industry ,Breastfeeding ,Early feeding ,Fractional shortening ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ventricle ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Velocity time integral ,business - Abstract
Background: It is important to understand the role of various feeding practices during infancy on the development of the cardiac structures, to intervene early with the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the structures and functions of the right side of the heart in exclusively breastfed (EBF) and formula-fed (FF) babies in the 1st year of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 76 healthy infants aged 3–24 months of life of whom 38 were EBF and 38 were FF in the first 6 months of life. The right ventricular functions and dimensions of the chamber were assessed by echocardiography. The measurements included percent fractional shortening (%FS), right ventricular velocity time integral (RV-VTI), cardiac output, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), e prime, and s prime. Results: Mean values of %FS for the right side were significantly higher in EBF infants in 51.33±5.20 than in FF infants (49.22±3.75) at p
- Published
- 2020
45. A 24-segment fractional shortening of the fetal heart using FetalHQ
- Author
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Tomomi Yamanishi, Riko Takayoshi, Aya Koyanagi, Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail, Takahito Miyake, Toshiyuki Hata, and Saori Bouno
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Reproducibility ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Gestational age ,Fetal heart ,Fractional shortening ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ventricle ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cardiology ,medicine ,Gestation ,business - Abstract
Objectives To evaluate 24-segment fractional shortening (FS) of the fetal heart using FetalHQ by speckle-tracking regarding reproducibility and the change with advancing gestation. Methods Eighty-one pregnant women at 18–21+6 and 28–31+6 weeks of gestation were studied using FetalHQ with the speckle-tracking technique to calculate 24-segment FS of left and right ventricles. Intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients and intra- and inter-observer agreements of measurements for FS were assessed in each segment. Results With respect to intra-observer reproducibility, all FS values showed correlations between 0.575 and 0.862 for the left ventricle, with good intra-observer agreements except for left ventricular segments 14–24. Right ventricular FS values showed correlations between 0.334 and 0.685, with good intra-observer agreements. With respect to inter-observer reproducibility, all FS values showed correlations between 0.491 and 0.801 for the left ventricle, with good intra-observer agreements except for left ventricular segments 16–22. Right ventricular FS values showed correlations between 0.375 and 0.575, with good inter-observer agreements. There were significant differences in the mean FS values in the basal segment (segments 1–5) of the left ventricle between 18 and 21+6 and 28–31+6 weeks of gestation (p Conclusions These results suggest that the reproducibility of the 24-segment FS of the fetal heart using FetalHQ is fair. However, there may be significant differences in FS values with advancing gestational age, especially for the right ventricle.
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- 2020
46. Cardiac Remodeling from Middle Age to Senescence.
- Author
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Möttönen, Mikko J., Ukkola, Olavi, Lumme, Jarmo, Kesäniemi, Y. Antero, Huikuri, Heikki V., and Perkiömäki, Juha S.
- Subjects
VENTRICULAR remodeling ,AGING ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,HEART failure ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - Abstract
Background: The data on cardiac remodeling outside the scope of myocardial infarction and heart failure are limited. Methods: A cohort of middle-aged hypertensive subjects with age- and gender-matched control subjects without hypertension (n = 1,045, aged 51 ± 6 years) were randomly selected for the OPERA study (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis study). The majority of those who were still alive after more than 20 years of follow-up underwent thorough re-examinations. Results: Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) increased significantly from 106.5 ± 27.1 (mean ± SD) to 114.6 ± 29.1 g/m
2 (p < 0.001), the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) from 10.0 ± 1.8 to 10.6 ± 1.7 mm (p < 0.001), fractional shortening (FS) from 35.0 ± 5.7 to 38.4 ± 7.2 % (p < 0.001), and left atrial diameter (LAD) from 38.8 ± 5.2 to 39.4 ± 6.7 mm (p = 0.028) during the 20-year follow-up. After multivariate adjustments, hypertension treated with antihypertensive medication and male gender predicted a smaller increase in the thickness of LVPW (p = 0.017 to <0.001). Baseline higher fasting plasma insulin level, larger intima media thickness of the carotid artery, greater height and antihypertensive medication (p = 0.046–0.002) predicted a smaller (less favorable) change of FS. The increase of LAD was associated with higher baseline diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.034) and greater height (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Aging from middle age to senescence increases the echocardiographic indexes of LVMI, LVPW thickness, FS and LAD. Several baseline factors are associated with these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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47. What is considered cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines in animal studies Corrigendum in /10.3892/or.2020.7717
- Author
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Haritini Nepka, Christina Tsitsimpikou, Konstantinos Tsarouhas, Dimitrios Stagkos, Dimitrios Kouretas, Demetrios A. Spandidos, Ramin Rezaee, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Jean-Lou Dorne, George E.N. Kass, and Nikolaos Georgiadis
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiotoxicity ,Anthracycline ,business.industry ,Safety pharmacology ,General Medicine ,Fractional shortening ,Reference laboratory ,Animal model ,Oncology ,medicine ,Animal studies ,Adverse effect ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Anthracyclines are commonly used anticancer drugs with well‑known and extensively studied cardiotoxic effects in humans. In the clinical setting guidelines for assessing cardiotoxicity are well‑established with important therapeutic implications. Cardiotoxicity in terms of impairment of cardiac function is largely diagnosed by echocardiography and based on objective metrics of cardiac function. Until this day, cardiotoxicity is not an endpoint in the current general toxicology and safety pharmacology preclinical studies, although other classes of drugs apart from anthracyclines, along with everyday chemicals have been shown to manifest cardiotoxic properties. Also, in the relevant literature there are not well‑established objective criteria or reference values in order to uniformly characterize cardiotoxic adverse effects in animal models. This in depth review focuses on the evaluation of two important echocardiographic indices, namely ejection fraction and fractional shortening, in the literature concerning anthracycline administration to rats as the reference laboratory animal model. The analysis of the gathered data gives promising results and solid prospects for both, defining anthracycline cardiotoxicity objective values and delineating the guidelines for assessing cardiotoxicity as a separate hazard class in animal preclinical studies for regulatory purposes.
- Published
- 2020
48. Vitamin D status in cats with cardiomyopathy
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Min Zhang, John E. Rush, Jessica L. Ward, Wendy A. Ware, Andrew J. Makowski, and Lisa M. Freeman
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Male ,myocardial disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Heart disease ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Cardiology ,Cardiomyopathy ,Standard Article ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cat Diseases ,3‐epimer ,Gastroenterology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Disease severity ,Internal medicine ,Left atrial enlargement ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Animals ,Heart Atria ,Vitamin D ,feline ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,CATS ,25(OH)D ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fractional shortening ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Standard Articles ,Diet ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Echocardiography ,Cats ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Female ,SMALL ANIMAL ,Cardiomyopathies ,business ,Diet history - Abstract
Background Low vitamin D concentrations have been associated with advanced heart disease and poorer outcomes in people and dogs. Vitamin D status typically is assessed by serum 25(OH)D concentration. However, cats also produce notable amounts of a C-3 epimer of 25(OH)D (3-epi). Hypothesis/objectives Determine if vitamin D status, estimated by 25(OH)D3 alone or combined with 3-epi (summation vitD), is lower in cats with cardiomyopathy (CM) compared to clinically normal (N) cats and if indicators of disease severity are associated with vitamin D status. Animals Privately owned cats, 44 with CM and 56 N. Methods Cross-sectional observational study using clinical and echocardiographic findings, diet history, and serum 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi measurements. Results Cat age was negatively related to vitamin D status. Summation vitD was lower in CM cats (median = 47.1 ng/mL) compared to N cats (median = 58.65 ng/mL) both before (P = .03) and after (P = .04) accounting for age. However, 25(OH)D3 became nonsignificant between CM and N cats after age was included. Summation vitD was related positively to survival time and fractional shortening (FS), but negatively to left atrial enlargement (LAE) severity, both before and after accounting for age. For 25(OH)D3 alone, only survival time and FS remained significant after including age. Conclusions and clinical importance We report 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi concentrations in CM and N cats. Age had an important (negative) relationship to vitamin D status. After accounting for age, summation vitD was lower in CM cats. Vitamin D status was related positively to survival time and FS, but negatively to LAE severity.
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- 2020
49. Improving reproducibility of left ventricular ejection fraction in pediatric oncology patients: less is more
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H P Tunuguntla, J C Plana, M. Monica Gramatges, Robert W. Loar, R H Pignatelli, Cory V Noel, and Nino Rainusso
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Reproducibility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Ejection fraction ,Image quality ,business.industry ,Fractional shortening ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cardiac dysfunction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Posterior wall ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Internal medicine ,Pediatric oncology ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cardiac imaging - Abstract
Reproducible measurement of left ventricular (LV) systolic function by echocardiography is important to detect cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). We hypothesized that limiting the number of imaging operators and use of a single vendor would improve reproducibility of these measures. A standard operating procedure (SOP) whereby LV measurements were standardized and a cardio-oncology imaging team (5 sonographers, 6 cardiologists) was established. All pediatric oncology patient echocardiograms were acquired on a single vendor platform. In total, 100 consecutive pre-SOP and 100 post-SOP studies were reviewed. LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), posterior wall thickness (PW), shortening fraction (SF), and ejection fraction by Simpson’s biplane (EF) were re-measured by 2 blinded readers, and compared to what was originally reported. Image quality was scored by number of LV segments imaged (grades 1–4). Inter-observer reproducibility pre/post-SOP was assessed with intra-class coefficient (α). Reducing the number of imaging operators improved image quality (Grade ≥ 3: 13% vs. 46%, p
- Published
- 2020
50. Sports Participation and Exercise Restriction in Children with Isolated Bicuspid Aortic Valve
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William Ravekes, Kathryn A. Carson, Marica Baleilevuka-Hart, Brandon Teng, and Kathryn W. Holmes
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Aortic Valve Insufficiency ,Aortic Diseases ,Heart Valve Diseases ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bicuspid aortic valve ,Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,Ascending aorta ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,Exercise ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Disease Management ,Retrospective cohort study ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Fractional shortening ,medicine.disease ,Stenosis ,Catheter ,Echocardiography ,Aortic Valve ,Child, Preschool ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Cohort ,Disease Progression ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Dilatation, Pathologic ,Sports - Abstract
Our study was to apply the 2015 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Athletic Participation Guidelines to a group of otherwise healthy school age children and young adults with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and describe the potential competitive sports restriction as they age. We performed a retrospective chart review of children and young adults aged 5 to 22 years with isolated BAV with at least two echocardiograms between 2000 and 2013. Using task force guidelines, exercise restriction was recommended for any of the following: (1) any dilation of the aortic root, (2) any dilation of the ascending aorta, (3) moderate aortic stenosis, (4) severe aortic regurgitation; (5) left ventricular dilation or (6) reduced shortening fraction. Of the 345 patients with isolated BAV, 202 were considered restricted at study entry. The final cohort included 123 children and young adults. Over the course of follow up, 36% (44 of 123) met restriction criteria. The most likely cause for restriction was aortic dilation (34%). Progression of aortic valve disease occurred in a minority of patients (3%). There were no reports of death, dissection or catheter or surgical based intervention. In conclusion, we found that strict adherence to current guidelines would result in restriction of more than 1/3 of school age children and young adults with BAV from some form of competitive athletics during school age years. Strict application of the current guidelines in this age group may lead to over-restriction of youths from competitive sports.
- Published
- 2020
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