38 results on '"França, Giovanny V. A."'
Search Results
2. Causes of death in children with congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil, 2015 to 2018: A nationwide record linkage study
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Costa, Maria da Conceição N., Cardim, Luciana Lobato, Moore, Cynthia A., de Jesus, Eliene dos Santos, Carvalho-Sauer, Rita, Barreto, Mauricio L., Rodrigues, Laura C., Smeeth, Liam, Schuler-Faccini, Lavínia, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Oliveira, Wanderson K., Carmo, Eduardo Hage, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Andrade, Roberto F. S., Rodrigues, Moreno M. S., Veiga, Rafael V., Costa, Larissa C., França, Giovanny V. A., Teixeira, Maria Gloria, and Paixão, Enny S.
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Perinatal infection -- Statistics -- Patient outcomes -- Complications and side effects ,Communicable diseases in children -- Statistics -- Complications and side effects -- Patient outcomes ,Pediatric research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) have severe damage to the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), greatly increasing the risk of death. However, there is no information on the sequence of the underlying, intermediate, immediate, and contributing causes of deaths among these children. The aims of this study are describe the sequence of events leading to death of children with CZS up to 36 months of age and their probability of dying from a given cause, 2015 to 2018. Methods and findings In a population-based study, we linked administrative data on live births, deaths, and cases of children with CZS from the SINASC (Live Birth Information System), the SIM (Mortality Information System), and the RESP (Public Health Event Records), respectively. Confirmed and probable cases of CZS were those that met the criteria established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The information on causes of death was collected from death certificates (DCs) using the World Health Organization (WHO) DC template. We estimated proportional mortality (PM%) among children with CZS and among children with non-Zika CNS congenital anomalies (CA) by 36 months of age and proportional mortality ratio by cause (PMRc). A total of 403 children with confirmed and probable CZS who died up to 36 months of age were included in the study; 81.9% were younger than 12 months of age. Multiple congenital malformations not classified elsewhere, and septicemia unspecified, with 18 (PM = 4.5%) and 17 (PM = 4.2%) deaths, respectively, were the most attested underlying causes of death. Unspecified septicemia (29 deaths and PM = 11.2%) and newborn respiratory failure (40 deaths and PM = 12.1%) were, respectively, the predominant intermediate and immediate causes of death. Fetuses and newborns affected by the mother's infectious and parasitic diseases, unspecified cerebral palsy, and unspecified severe protein-caloric malnutrition were the underlying causes with the greatest probability of death in children with CZS (PMRc from 10.0 to 17.0) when compared to the group born with non-Zika CNS anomalies. Among the intermediate and immediate causes of death, pneumonitis due to food or vomiting and unspecified seizures (PMRc = 9.5, each) and unspecified bronchopneumonia (PMRc = 5.0) were notable. As contributing causes, fetus and newborn affected by the mother's infectious and parasitic diseases (PMRc = 7.3), unspecified cerebral palsy, and newborn seizures (PMRc = 4.5, each) were more likely to lead to death in children with CZS than in the comparison group. The main limitations of this study were the use of a secondary database without additional clinical information and potential misclassification of cases and controls. Conclusion The sequence of causes and circumstances involved in the deaths of the children with CZS highlights the greater vulnerability of these children to infectious and respiratory conditions compared to children with abnormalities of the CNS not related to Zika., Author(s): Maria da Conceição N. Costa 1,2, Luciana Lobato Cardim 1, Cynthia A. Moore 3, Eliene dos Santos de Jesus 2,4, Rita Carvalho-Sauer 2,5, Mauricio L. Barreto 1,2, Laura C. [...]
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- 2023
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3. Classification algorithm for congenital Zika Syndrome: characterizations, diagnosis and validation
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Veiga, Rafael V., Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia, França, Giovanny V. A., Andrade, Roberto F. S., Teixeira, Maria Glória, Costa, Larissa C., Paixão, Enny S., Costa, Maria da Conceição N., Barreto, Maurício L., Oliveira, Juliane F., Oliveira, Wanderson K., Cardim, Luciana L., and Rodrigues, Moreno S.
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- 2021
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4. Implications of Zika virus and congenital Zika syndrome for the number of live births in Brazil
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Castro, Marcia C., Han, Qiuyi C., Carvalho, Lucas R., Victora, Cesar G., and França, Giovanny V. A.
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- 2018
5. The contribution of poor and rural populations to national trends in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health coverage: analyses of cross-sectional surveys from 64 countries
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Victora, Cesar G, Barros, Aluisio J D, França, Giovanny V A, da Silva, Inácio C M, Carvajal-Velez, Liliana, and Amouzou, Agbessi
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- 2017
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6. Mortality by cause of death in Brazil: effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and contribution to changes in life expectancy at birth
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Fernandes, Fernando, primary, Turra, Cássio M., additional, França, Giovanny V. A., additional, and Castro, Marcia C., additional
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- 2023
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7. Congenital Zika virus syndrome in Brazil: a case series of the first 1501 livebirths with complete investigation
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França, Giovanny V A, Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia, Oliveira, Wanderson K, Henriques, Claudio M P, Carmo, Eduardo H, Pedi, Vaneide D, Nunes, Marília L, Castro, Marcia C, Serruya, Suzanne, Silveira, Mariângela F, Barros, Fernando C, and Victora, Cesar G
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- 2016
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8. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect
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Victora, Cesar G, Bahl, Rajiv, Barros, Aluísio J D, França, Giovanny V A, Horton, Susan, Krasevec, Julia, Murch, Simon, Sankar, Mari Jeeva, Walker, Neff, and Rollins, Nigel C
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- 2016
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9. Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body composition in Brazilian young adults
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Silva, Bruna Gonçalves C. da, Silva, Inácio Crochemore M. da, Ekelund, Ulf, Brage, Soren, Ong, Ken K., De Lucia Rolfe, Emanuella, Lima, Natália Peixoto, Silva, Shana Ginar da, França, Giovanny V. Araújo de, and Horta, Bernardo Lessa
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- 2019
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10. Effectiveness of an Inactivated Covid-19 Vaccine with Homologous and Heterologous Boosters against Omicron in Brazil
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Ranzani, Otavio T., primary, Hitchings, Matt D.T., additional, Leite de Melo, Rosana, additional, de França, Giovanny V. A., additional, Fernandes, Cássia de Fátima R., additional, Lind, Margaret L, additional, Scaramuzzini Torres, Mario Sergio, additional, Tsuha, Daniel Henrique, additional, David, Leticia C. S., additional, Said, Rodrigo F. C., additional, Almiron, Maria, additional, de Oliveira, Roberto D., additional, Cummings, Derek A.T., additional, Dean, Natalie E, additional, Andrews, Jason R., additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, and Croda, Julio, additional
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- 2022
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11. Case Fatality Rate Related to Microcephaly Congenital Zika Syndrome and Associated Factors: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Brazil †
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N. Costa, Maria Conceição, primary, Cardim, Luciana Lobato, additional, Teixeira, Maria Gloria, additional, Barreto, Mauricio L., additional, Carvalho-Sauer, Rita de Cassia Oliveira de, additional, Barreto, Florisneide R., additional, Carvalho, Martha Suely Itaparica, additional, Oliveira, Wanderson K., additional, França, Giovanny V. A., additional, Carmo, Eduardo Hage, additional, Andrade, Roberto F. S, additional, Rodrigues, Moreno S., additional, Veiga, Rafael V., additional, Oliveira, Juliane F., additional, Fernandes, Qeren H. R. F., additional, Costa, Larissa C., additional, Coelho, Giovanini E., additional, and Paixao, Enny S., additional
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- 2020
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12. Demand for hospitalization services for COVID-19 patients in Brazil
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Castro, Marcia C., primary, de Carvalho, Lucas Resende, additional, Chin, Taylor, additional, Kahn, Rebecca, additional, França, Giovanny V. A., additional, Macário, Eduardo Marques, additional, and de Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber, additional
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- 2020
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13. Place and type of meals consumed by adults in medium sized cities
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Carús, Juliana Pires, França, Giovanny V A, and Barros, Aluísio J D
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Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Urban Population ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Food Consumption ,Food Services ,Original Articles ,Feeding Behavior ,Middle Aged ,Population Surveys ,Diet Surveys ,Food Preferences ,Young Adult ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Lunch ,Sex Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Feeding Behaviour ,Humans ,Female ,Food Habits ,Meals ,Brazil ,Aged - Abstract
To describe the meals consumed by adults living in a midsize city in the South of Brazil, according to the place and preparation.A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2012. The two-stage sampling design used the 2010 census tracts as primary sampling units. Data were collected on the place of meals (at home or out) and on the kind of preparations consumed at home (homemade, snacks, take away food) covering the two days prior to the interview, using a standardized questionnaire.The study included 2,927 adults, of which 59.0% were female, 60.0% were below 50 years of age and 58.0% were in work. Data were collected on 11,581 meals consumed on the two days preceding the interview, 25.0% were consumed outside of the home at lunchtime, and 10.0% at dinnertime. Considering home meals, most participants reported eating food prepared at home at both lunch and dinner. The majority of out-of-home meals (64.0% for lunch and 61.0% for dinner) were consumed in the work place, mostly based on food prepared at home. Individuals eating out of home were mostly male, young and highly educated. The occupational categories that ate at restaurants more often were trade workers, businessmen, teachers and graduate professionals.Despite the changes in eating patterns described in Brazil in recent years, residents of medium-sized towns still mostly eat at home, consuming homemade food.To describe the meals consumed by adults living in a midsize city in the South of Brazil, according to the place and preparation.A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2012. The two-stage sampling design used the 2010 census tracts as primary sampling units. Data were collected on the place of meals (at home or out) and on the kind of preparations consumed at home (homemade, snacks, take away food) covering the two days prior to the interview, using a standardized questionnaire.The study included 2,927 adults, of which 59.0% were female, 60.0% were below 50 years of age and 58.0% were in work. Data were collected on 11,581 meals consumed on the two days preceding the interview, 25.0% were consumed outside of the home at lunchtime, and 10.0% at dinnertime. Considering home meals, most participants reported eating food prepared at home at both lunch and dinner. The majority of out-of-home meals (64.0% for lunch and 61.0% for dinner) were consumed in the work place, mostly based on food prepared at home. Individuals eating out of home were mostly male, young and highly educated. The occupational categories that ate at restaurants more often were trade workers, businessmen, teachers and graduate professionals.Despite the changes in eating patterns described in Brazil in recent years, residents of medium-sized towns still mostly eat at home, consuming homemade food.
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- 2014
14. Breastfeeding moderates FTO related adiposity: a birth cohort study with 30 years of follow-up
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Horta, Bernardo Lessa, primary, Victora, Cesar G., additional, França, Giovanny V. A., additional, Hartwig, Fernando P., additional, Ong, Ken K., additional, Rolfe, Emanuella de Lucia., additional, Magalhães, Elma I. S., additional, Lima, Natalia P., additional, and Barros, Fernando C., additional
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- 2018
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15. Socioeconomic Inequalities Persist Despite Declining Stunting Prevalence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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da Silva, Inácio Crochemore M, primary, França, Giovanny V, additional, Barros, Aluisio JD, additional, Amouzou, Agbessi, additional, Krasevec, Julia, additional, and Victora, Cesar G, additional
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- 2018
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16. Zika rash and increased risk of congenital brain abnormalities – Authors' reply
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Victora, Cesar G, primary, Castro, Marcia C, additional, França, Giovanny V A, additional, Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia, additional, and Barros, Fernando C, additional
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- 2017
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17. Coverage and equity in reproductive and maternal health interventions in Brazil: impressive progress following the implementation of the Unified Health System
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França, Giovanny V. A., primary, Restrepo-Méndez, María Clara, additional, Maia, Maria Fátima S., additional, Victora, Cesar G., additional, and Barros, Aluísio J. D., additional
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- 2016
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18. Socioeconomic Inequalities Persist Despite Declining Stunting Prevalence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
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Silva, Inácio Crochemore M da, França, Giovanny V, Barros, Aluisio JD, Amouzou, Agbessi, Krasevec, Julia, and Victora, Cesar G
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STUNTED growth , *LOW-income countries , *RURAL population , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *RURAL-urban relations , *COMPARATIVE studies , *GROWTH disorders , *INCOME , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *POVERTY , *RESEARCH , *SURVEYS , *CITY dwellers , *EVALUATION research ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Background: Global stunting prevalence has been nearly halved between 1990 and 2016, but it remains unclear whether this decline has benefited poor and rural populations within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Objective: We assessed time trends in stunting among children <5 y of age (under-5) according to household wealth and place of residence in 67 LMICs.Methods: Stunting prevalence was analyzed in 217 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 67 countries with ≥2 surveys between 1993 and 2014. National estimates were stratified by wealth and area of residence, comparing the poorest 40% with the wealthiest 60%, and those residing in urban and rural areas. Time trends were calculated for LMICs by using multilevel regression models weighted by under-5 population, with stratification by wealth and by residence. Trends in absolute (slope index of inequality; SII) and relative (concentration index; CIX) inequalities were calculated.Results: Mean prevalences in 1993 were 53.7% in low-income and 48.2% in middle-income countries, with annual average linear declines of 0.76 and 0.72 percentage points (pp), respectively. Although similar slopes of declines were observed for the poorest 40% and wealthiest 60% groups in all countries (0.78 and 0.74 pp, respectively), absolute and relative inequalities increased over time in low-income countries (SII increased from -19.3% in 1993 to -23.7% in 2014 and CIX increased from -6.2% to -10.8% in the same period). In middle-income countries, socioeconomic inequalities remained stable. Overall, stunting prevalence decreased more rapidly among rural than for urban children (0.78 and 0.55 pp, respectively).Conclusions: The prevalence of stunting is decreasing. Poor-rich gaps are stable in middle-income countries and slightly increasing in low-income countries. Rural-urban inequalities are decreasing over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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19. The phenotypic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome.
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del Campo, Miguel, Feitosa, Ian M. L., Ribeiro, Erlane M., Horovitz, Dafne D. G., Pessoa, André L. S., França, Giovanny V. A., García‐Alix, Alfredo, Doriqui, Maria J. R., Wanderley, Hector Y. C., Sanseverino, Maria V. T., Neri, João I. C. F., Pina‐Neto, João M., Santos, Emerson S., Verçosa, Islane, Cernach, Mirlene C. S. P., Medeiros, Paula F. V., Kerbage, Saile C., Silva, André A., van der Linden, Vanessa, and Martelli, Celina M. T.
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In October 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In response, the Brazilian Society of Medical Genetics established a task force (SBGM-ZETF) to study the phenotype of infants born with microcephaly due to ZIKV congenital infection and delineate the phenotypic spectrum of this newly recognized teratogen. This study was based on the clinical evaluation and neuroimaging of 83 infants born during the period from July, 2015 to March, 2016 and registered by the SBGM-ZETF. All 83 infants had significant findings on neuroimaging consistent with ZIKV congenital infection and 12 had confirmed ZIKV IgM in CSF. A recognizable phenotype of microcephaly, anomalies of the shape of skull and redundancy of the scalp consistent with the Fetal Brain Disruption Sequence (FBDS) was present in 70% of infants, but was most often subtle. In addition, features consistent with fetal immobility, ranging from dimples (30.1%), distal hand/finger contractures (20.5%), and feet malpositions (15.7%), to generalized arthrogryposis (9.6%), were present in these infants. Some cases had milder microcephaly or even a normal head circumference (HC), and other less distinctive findings. The detailed observation of the dysmorphic and neurologic features in these infants provides insight into the mechanisms and timings of the brain disruption and the sequence of developmental anomalies that may occur after prenatal infection by the ZIKV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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20. Local e tipo das refeições realizadas por adultos em cidade de médio porte
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Carús, Juliana Pires, primary, França, Giovanny V A, additional, and Barros, Aluísio J D, additional
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- 2014
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21. Epidemiology, management, complications and costs associated with type 2 diabetes in Brazil: a comprehensive literature review
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Bertoldi, Andréa D, primary, Kanavos, Panos, additional, França, Giovanny V A, additional, Carraro, André, additional, Tejada, Cesar Augusto, additional, Hallal, Pedro C, additional, Ferrario, Alessandra, additional, and Schmidt, Maria, additional
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- 2013
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22. Risk factors for early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding and late introduction of complementary foods among infants in midwestern Brazil
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Brunken, Gisela S., primary, Silva, Solanyara M., additional, França, Giovanny V. A., additional, Escuder, Maria M., additional, and Venâncio, Sonia I., additional
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- 2006
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23. Fatores associados à interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo e à introdução tardia da alimentação complementar no centro-oeste brasileiro
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Brunken, Gisela S., primary, Silva, Solanyara M., additional, França, Giovanny V. A., additional, Escuder, Maria M., additional, and Venâncio, Sonia I., additional
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- 2006
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24. Place and type of meals consumed by adults in medium sized cities.
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Pires Carús, Juliana, França, Giovanny V. A., and Barros, Aluísio J. D.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the meals consumed by adults living in a midsize city in the South of Brazil, according to the place and preparation. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2012. The two-stage sampling design used the 2010 census tracts as primary sampling units. Data were collected on the place of meals (at home or out) and on the kind of preparations consumed at home (homemade, snacks, take away food) covering the two days prior to the interview, using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The study included 2,927 adults, of which 59.0% were female, 60.0% were below 50 years of age and 58.0% were in work. Data were collected on 11,581 meals consumed on the two days preceding the interview, 25.0% were consumed outside of the home at lunchtime, and 10.0% at dinnertime. Considering home meals, most participants reported eating food prepared at home at both lunch and dinner. The majority of out-of-home meals (64.0% for lunch and 61.0% for dinner) were consumed in the work place, mostly based on food prepared at home. Individuals eating out of home were mostly male, young and highly educated. The occupational categories that ate at restaurants more often were trade workers, businessmen, teachers and graduate professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the changes in eating patterns described in Brazil in recent years, residents of medium-sized towns still mostly eat at home, consuming homemade food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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25. Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body composition in Brazilian young adults
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Silva, Bruna Gonçalves C Da, Silva, Inácio Crochemore M Da, Ekelund, Ulf, Brage, Soren, Ong, Ken K, De Lucia Rolfe, Emanuella, Lima, Natália Peixoto, Silva, Shana Ginar Da, França, Giovanny V Araújo De, and Horta, Bernardo Lessa
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2. Zero hunger ,Adult ,Male ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Body Composition ,Humans ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Sedentary Behavior ,Waist Circumference ,Exercise ,Brazil - Abstract
The findings of studies on the association between physical activity and adiposity are not consistent, and most are cross-sectional and used only self-reported measures. The aims of this study were to evaluate: 1) independent and combined cross-sectional associations of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time with body composition outcomes at 30 years, and 2) prospective associations of changes in self-reported physical activity from 23 to 30 years with the same outcomes in participants from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Body mass index, waist circumference, visceral abdominal fat, fat mass index, and android/gynoid fat ratio were the outcomes. 3,206 participants were analysed. In cross-sectional analyses, higher objectively-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (β = 0.017, 95%CI: -0.026; -0.009), waist circumference (β = -0.043, 95%CI: -0.061; -0.025), visceral abdominal fat (β = -0.006, 95%CI: -0.009; -0.003), and fat mass index (β = -0.015, 95%CI: -0.021; -0.009), independent of sedentary time. Sedentary time was independently associated only with higher fat mass index (β = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.001; 0.005). In longitudinal analyses, using self-reported measure, adiposity was lower among those who were consistently active or who became active. Adiposity was similar among the "became inactive" and "consistently inactive" subjects. Our findings suggest metabolic benefits from engagement in physical activity throughout young adulthood, with stronger associations on concurrent levels.
26. Epidemiology, management, complications and costs associated with type 2 diabetes in Brazil: a comprehensive literature review
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Bertoldi, Andréa D., Kanavos, Panos, França, Giovanny V. A., Carraro, André, Tejada, Cesar Augusto, Hallal, Pedro C., Ferrario, Alessandra, Schmidt, Maria, Bertoldi, Andréa D., Kanavos, Panos, França, Giovanny V. A., Carraro, André, Tejada, Cesar Augusto, Hallal, Pedro C., Ferrario, Alessandra, and Schmidt, Maria
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With an estimated 74% of all deaths attributable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in 2010, NCDs have become a major health priority in Brazil. The objective of the study was to conduct a comprehensive literature review on diabetes in Brazil; specifically: the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes, the availability of national and regional sources of data (particularly in terms of direct and indirect costs) and health policies for the management of diabetes and its complications. A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify articles containing information on diabetes in Brazil. Official documents from the Brazilian government and the World Health Organization, as well as other grey literature and official government websites were also reviewed. From 2006 to 2010, an approximate 20% increase in the prevalence of self-reported diabetes was observed. In 2010, it was estimated that 6.3% of Brazilians aged 18 years or over had diabetes. Diabetes was estimated to be responsible for 278,778 years of potential life lost for every 100,000 people. In 2013, it is estimated that about 7% of patients with diabetes has had one or more of the following complications: diabetic foot ulcers, amputation, kidney disease, and fundus changes. The estimated annual direct cost of diabetes was USD $3.952 billion in 2000; the estimated annual indirect cost was USD $18.6 billion. The two main sources of data on diabetes are the information systems of the Ministry of Health and surveys. In the last few years, the Brazilian Ministry of Health has invested considerably in improving surveillance systems for NCDs as well as implementing specific programmes to improve diagnosis and access to treatment.Brazil has the capacity to address and respond to NCDs due to the leadership of the Ministry of Health in NCD prevention activities, including an integrated programme currently in place for diabetes. Strengthening the surveillance of NCDs is a national priority along with recognising the urg
27. Trends in caesarean delivery by country and wealth quintile: cross-sectional surveys in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
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Cavallaro, Francesca L., Cresswell, Jenny A., A. França, Giovanny V., Victora, Cesar G., D. Barros, Aluísio J., and Ronsmans, Carine
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CESAREAN section , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATABASES , *INCOME , *METROPOLITAN areas , *POPULATION geography , *RESEARCH funding , *RURAL conditions , *SURVEYS , *WOMEN'S health , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CROSS-sectional method , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objective To examine temporal trends in caesarean delivery rates in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, by country and wealth quintile. Methods Cross-sectional data were extracted from the results of 80 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 26 countries in southern Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Caesarean delivery rates were evaluated - as percentages of the deliveries that ended in live births - for each wealth quintile in each survey. The annual rates recorded for each country were then compared to see if they had increased over time. Findings Caesarean delivery rates had risen over time in all but 6 study countries but were consistently found to be lower than 5% in 18 of the countries and 10% or less in the other eight countries. Among the poorest 20% of the population, caesarean sections accounted for less than 1% and less than 2% of deliveries in 12 and 21 of the study countries, respectively. In each of 11 countries, the caesarean delivery rate in the poorest 40% of the population remained under 1%. In Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger and Nigeria, the rate remained under 1% in the poorest 80%. Compared with the 22 African study countries, the four study countries in southern Asia experienced a much greater rise in their caesarean delivery rates over time. However, the rates recorded among the poorest quintile in each of these countries consistently fell below 2%. Conclusion Caesarean delivery rates among large sections of the population in sub-Saharan Africa are very low, probably because of poor access to such surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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28. Mortality from Congenital Zika Syndrome - Nationwide Cohort Study in Brazil.
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Paixao, Enny S., Cardim, Luciana L., Costa, Maria C. N., Brickley, Elizabeth B., de Carvalho-Sauer, Rita C. O., Carmo, Eduardo H., Andrade, Roberto F. S., Rodrigues, Moreno S., Veiga, Rafael V., Costa, Larissa C., Moore, Cynthia A., Franga, Giovanny V. A., Smeeth, Liam, Rodrigues, Laura C., Barreto, Mauricio L., Teixeira, Maria G., and França, Giovanny V A
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ZIKA virus infections , *SMALL for gestational age , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *COHORT analysis , *ZIKA virus , *RESEARCH , *GESTATIONAL age , *EVALUATION research , *COMPARATIVE studies , *BIRTH weight , *RESEARCH funding , *INFANT mortality , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposure to Zika virus has potential teratogenic effects, with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation referred to as congenital Zika syndrome. Data on survival among children with congenital Zika syndrome are limited.Methods: In this population-based cohort study, we used linked, routinely collected data in Brazil, from January 2015 through December 2018, to estimate mortality among live-born children with congenital Zika syndrome as compared with those without the syndrome. Kaplan-Meier curves and survival models were assessed with adjustment for confounding and with stratification according to gestational age, birth weight, and status of being small for gestational age.Results: A total of 11,481,215 live-born children were followed to 36 months of age. The mortality rate was 52.6 deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.6 to 58.0) per 1000 person-years among live-born children with congenital Zika syndrome, as compared with 5.6 deaths (95% CI, 5.6 to 5.7) per 1000 person-years among those without the syndrome. The mortality rate ratio among live-born children with congenital Zika syndrome, as compared with those without the syndrome, was 11.3 (95% CI, 10.2 to 12.4). Among infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with a birth weight of less than 1500 g, the risks of death were similar regardless of congenital Zika syndrome status. Among infants born at term, those with congenital Zika syndrome were 14.3 times (95% CI, 12.4 to 16.4) as likely to die as those without the syndrome (mortality rate, 38.4 vs. 2.7 deaths per 1000 person-years). Among infants with a birth weight of 2500 g or greater, those with congenital Zika syndrome were 12.9 times (95% CI, 10.9 to 15.3) as likely to die as those without the syndrome (mortality rate, 32.6 vs. 2.5 deaths per 1000 person-years). The burden of congenital anomalies, diseases of the nervous system, and infectious diseases as recorded causes of deaths was higher among live-born children with congenital Zika syndrome than among those without the syndrome.Conclusions: The risk of death was higher among live-born children with congenital Zika syndrome than among those without the syndrome and persisted throughout the first 3 years of life. (Funded by the Ministry of Health of Brazil and others.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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29. Inequalities in full immunization coverage: trends in low- and middle-income countries.
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Restrepo-Méndez, María Clara, Barros, Aluísio J. D., Wong, Kerry L. M., Johnson, Hope L, Pariyo, George, França, Giovanny V. A., Wehrmeister, Fernando C., and Victora, Cesar G.
- Abstract
Objective To investigate disparities in full immunization coverage across and within 86 low- and middle-income countries. Methods In May 2015, using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, we investigated inequalities in full immunization coverage – i.e. one dose of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, one dose of measles vaccine, three doses of vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus and three doses of polio vaccine – in 86 low- or middle-income countries. We then investigated temporal trends in the level and inequality of such coverage in eight of the countries. Findings In each of the World Health Organization’s regions, it appeared that about 56–69% of eligible children in the low- and middle-income countries had received full immunization. However, within each region, the mean recorded level of such coverage varied greatly. In the African Region, for example, it varied from 11.4% in Chad to 90.3% in Rwanda. We detected pro-rich inequality in such coverage in 45 of the 83 countries for which the relevant data were available and pro-urban inequality in 35 of the 86 study countries. Among the countries in which we investigated coverage trends, Madagascar and Mozambique appeared to have made the greatest progress in improving levels of full immunization coverage over the last two decades, particularly among the poorest quintiles of their populations. Conclusion Most low- and middle-income countries are affected by pro-rich and pro-urban inequalities in full immunization coverage that are not apparent when only national mean values of such coverage are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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30. Progress in reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health in Latin America and the Caribbean: an unfinished agenda.
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Restrepo-Méndez, María Clara, Barros, Aluísio J. D., Requejo, Jennifer, Durán, Pablo, de Francisco Serpa, Luis Andrés, França, Giovanny V. A., Wehrmeister, Fernando C., and Victora, Cesar G.
- Subjects
- *
MATERNAL health , *CHILDREN'S health , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *HEALTH care intervention (Social services) , *EQUAL rights , *NEONATAL mortality , *SOCIAL history ,LATIN American social conditions - Abstract
Objective. To expand the "Countdown to 2015" analyses of health inequalities beyond the 75 countries being monitored worldwide to include all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) that have adequate data available. Methods. Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were used to monitor progress in health intervention coverage and inequalities in 13 LAC countries, five of which are included in the Countdown (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Haiti, and Peru) and eight that are not (Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Suriname). The outcomes included neonatal and under-5 year mortality rates, child stunting prevalence, and the composite coverage index--a weighted average of eight indicators of coverage in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. The slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to assess absolute and relative inequalities. Results. The composite coverage index showed monotonic patterns over wealth quintiles, with lowest levels in the poorest quintile. Under-5 and neonatal mortality as well as stunting prevalence were highest among the poor. In most countries, intervention coverage increased, while under-5 mortality and stunting prevalence fell most rapidly among the poor, so that inequalities were reduced over time. However, Bolivia, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Peru still show marked inequalities. Brazil has practically eliminated inequalities in stunting. Conclusions. LAC countries presented substantial progress in terms of reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions, child mortality, and nutrition. However, the poorest 20% of the population in most countries is still lagging behind, and renewed actions are needed to improve equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
31. How changes in coverage affect equity in maternal and child health interventions in 35 Countdown to 2015 countries: an analysis of national surveys.
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Victora, Cesar G., Barro, Aluisio J. D., Axelson, Henrik, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Chopra, Mickey, França, Giovanny V. A., Kerber, Kate, Kirkwood, Betty R., Newby, Holly, Ronsmans, Carine, and Boerma, J. Ties
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- *
SURVEYS , *MATERNAL health services , *CHILDREN'S health , *HEALTH care intervention (Social services) , *GROWTH rate - Abstract
The article discusses a survey based on the fate of maternal and child health interventions. It mentions that coverage of interventions for mothers and children health care affects the rate of national growth of a country. It says that global health goals can be achieved only when progress is observed at national as well as subpopulation group levels.
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- 2012
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32. Equity in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in Countdown to 2015: a retrospective review of survey data from 54 countries.
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Barros, Aluísio J. D., Ronsmans, Carine, Axelson, Henrik, Loaiza, Edilberto, Bertoldi, Andréa D., França, Giovanny V. A., Bryce, Jennifer, Boerma, J. Ties, and Victora, Cesar G.
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- *
VARIATIONAL inequalities (Mathematics) , *NEWBORN infants , *CHILDREN'S health , *HEALTH care intervention (Social services) , *SURVEYS , *MIDWIVES , *BREASTFEEDING - Abstract
The article presents the study aims to assess on how inequalities in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions vary by intervention and country in countdown to 2015 tracks progress towards achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) four and five. The study reanalysed the data from national surveys in the 54 countries. The study found that the least equitable intervention was skilled birth attendant, while the most was early initiations of breastfeeding.
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- 2012
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33. Effectiveness of the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccines against severe COVID-19 among adults 40 years or older in Brazil: a population-based cohort study.
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Lazar Neto F, Hitchings MDT, Amin AB, de França GVA, Lind ML, Scaramuzzini Torres MS, Tsuha DH, de Oliveira RD, Cummings DAT, Dean NE, Andrews JR, Ko AI, Croda J, and Ranzani OT
- Abstract
Background: The emergence of COVID-19 variants with immune scape and the waning of primary vaccine schemes effectiveness have prompted many countries to indicate first and second booster COVID-19 vaccine doses to prevent severe COVID-19. However, current available evidence on second booster dose effectiveness are mostly limited to high-income countries, older adults, and mRNA-based vaccination schemes scenarios. We aimed to investigate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the fourth dose compared to three doses for severe COVID-19 outcomes in Brazil; and compare the rVE of a fourth dose with an mRNA vaccine compared to adenovirus-based product in the same settings., Methods: We performed a target emulated trial using a population-based cohort of individuals aged 40 years or older who have received a homologous primary scheme of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, or BNT162b2, and any third dose product and were eligible for the fourth dose in Brazil. The primary outcome was COVID-19 associated hospitalization or death. We built Cohort A matching individuals vaccinated with a fourth dose to individuals who received three doses to estimate the rVE of the fourth dose. We built Cohort B, a subset of Cohort A, matching mRNA-based (mRNA) to adenovirus-based fourth dose vaccinated individuals to compare their relative hazards for severe COVID-19., Findings: 46,693,484 individuals were included in Cohort A and 6,763,016 in Cohort B. 45% of them were aged between 40 and 60 years old, and 48% between 60 and 79 years old. In Cohort A, the most common previous series was a ChAdOx1 two-dose followed by BNT162b2 (44%), and a CoronaVac two-dose followed by a BNT162b2 (36%). Among those fourth dose vaccinated, 36.9% received ChAdOx1, 32.7% Ad26.COV2.S, 25.8% BNT162b2, and 4.7% CoronaVac. In Cohort B, among those who received an adenovirus fourth dose, 53.7% received ChAdOx1 and 46.3% received Ad26.COV2.S. The estimated rVE for the primary outcome of four doses compared to three doses was 44.1% (95% CI 42.3-46.0), with some waning during follow-up (rVE 7-60 days 46.8% [95% CI 44.4-49.1], rVE after 120 days 33.8% [95% CI 18.0-46.6]). Among fourth dose vaccinated individuals, mRNA-based vaccinated individuals had lower hazards for hospitalization or death compared to adenovirus-vaccinated individuals (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.87). After 120 days, no difference in hazards between groups was observed (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.93-1.97). Similar findings were observed for hospitalization and death separately, except no evidence for differences between fourth dose brands for death in Cohort B., Interpretation: In a heterogeneous scenario of primary and first booster vaccination combinations, a fourth dose provided meaningful and durable protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes. Compared to adenovirus-based booster, a fourth dose wild-type mRNA vaccine was associated with immediate lower hazards of hospitalization or death unsustained after 120 days., Funding: None., Competing Interests: MDTH reports a contract from Merck and Dohme (to the University of Florida) for research unrelated to this manuscript. DATC reports a contract from Pfizer Inc. Paid to the University of Florida for research unrelated to this manuscript. ML received grants from the NIAID for COVID-19 prevention with correctional facilities. AIK received funding from Beatrice Kleinberg Neuwirth Family Fund, Sendas Family Fund, Regeneron, Merck, Reckitt Global Hygiene Institute, Paul Hastings LLD, National Academy of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, and is on the Board of Directors (unpaid) of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. JC received funding from Sanofi, MSD, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Valneva/Butantan and payment/honoraria from Foro Latinoamericano para Asesores Médicos en Vacunas 2023 (Pfizer), Pfizer Emerging Markets Advance Speaker Training 2024 (Pfizer). Also, JC is on the Brazil advisory board for mRNA-1273 vaccine (Modern/Zodiac), RSV maternal vaccine (Pfizer) and Qdenga vaccine (Takeda). NED received funding from the NIH/NIAID R01-AI139761, Emergent Biosolutions, and Bavarian Nordic. OTR acknowledges funding from the END-VOC Project (Horizon 2021–2024), funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101046314. OTR acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023 programme (CEX2018-000806-S) and from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) programme. The remaining authors declare they have no competing interests. These institutions had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report., (© 2024 The Authors.)
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- 2024
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34. Estimating the early impact of vaccination against COVID-19 on deaths among elderly people in Brazil: Analyses of routinely-collected data on vaccine coverage and mortality.
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Victora PC, Castro PMC, Gurzenda S, Medeiros AC, França GVA, and Barros PAJD
- Abstract
Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Brazil started in January 2021, with health workers and the elderly as the priority groups. We assessed whether there was an impact of vaccinations on the mortality of elderly individuals in a context of wide transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 gamma (P.1) variant. Methods: By May 15, 2021, 238,414 COVID-19 deaths had been reported to the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Denominators for mortality rates were calculated by correcting population estimates for all-cause deaths reported in 2020. Proportionate mortality at ages 70-79 and 80+ years relative to deaths at all ages were calculated for deaths due to COVID-19 and to other causes, as were COVID-19 mortality rate ratios relative to individuals aged 0-69 years. Vaccine coverage data were obtained from the Ministry of Health. All results were tabulated by epidemiological weeks 1-19, 2021. Findings: The proportion of all COVID-19 deaths at ages 80+ years was over 25% in weeks 1-6 and declined rapidly to 12.4% in week 19, whereas proportionate COVID-19 mortality for individuals aged 70-79 years started to decline by week 15. Trends in proportionate mortality due to other causes remained stable. Mortality rates were over 13 times higher in the 80+ years age group compared to that of 0-69 year olds up to week 6, and declined to 5.0 times in week 19. Vaccination coverage (first dose) of 90% was reached by week 9 for individuals aged 80+ years and by week 13 for those aged 70-79 years. Coronavac accounted for 65.4% and AstraZeneca for 29.8% of all doses administered in weeks 1-4, compared to 36.5% and 53.3% in weeks 15-19, respectively. Interpretation: Rapid scaling up of vaccination coverage among elderly Brazilians was associated with important declines in relative mortality compared to younger individuals, in a setting where the gamma variant predominates. Had mortality rates among the elderly remained proportionate to what was observed up to week 6, an estimated additional 43,802 COVID-related deaths would have been expected up to week 19. Funding: CGV and AJDB are funded by the Todos pela Saúde (São Paulo, Brazil) initiative., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.None., (© 2021 The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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35. Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage, homogeneity of coverage and associations with contextual factors at municipal level.
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Pacheco FC, França GVA, Elidio GA, Leal MB, de Oliveira C, and Guilhem DB
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- Brazil, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Population Density, Measles epidemiology, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine administration & dosage, Vaccination Coverage
- Abstract
We aimed to (i) describe both the coverage and the homogeneity of coverage of the first and second doses of measles-containing vaccines (MCV) in Brazil in 2017, and (ii) to investigate the potential influence of contextual factors at municipal level. All 5570 Brazilian municipalities were included. The North and Center-West regions presented the lowest coverages of the first and second doses of MCV, respectively. We found significant associations of both first and second doses of MCV with population size, coverage of Family Health Strategy (FHS) and other indicators of living conditions and inequalities. Monitoring the homogeneity of MCV coverage at national, regional and state levels is essential, as it allows identifying areas at higher risk of measles spread that should be targeted for vaccination. Targeting large cities i.e. 100,000 or more inhabitants, especially poor neighborhoods and areas with low FHS coverage, could lead to improvements in coverage homogeneity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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36. Trends and spatial distribution of MMR vaccine coverage in Brazil during 2007-2017.
- Author
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Pacheco FC, França GVA, Elidio GA, Domingues CMAS, de Oliveira C, and Guilhem DB
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- Brazil epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Geography, Medical, History, 21st Century, Humans, Measles history, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine administration & dosage, Mumps history, Public Health Surveillance, Rubella history, Spatial Analysis, Measles prevention & control, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine immunology, Mumps prevention & control, Rubella prevention & control, Vaccination Coverage
- Abstract
We analyzed the time trends and spatial distribution of MMR vaccine coverage in Brazil during 2007-2017. In early 2018, a measles outbreak started in the North region of Brazil, reaching 11 of the 27 federal units by January 24, 2019. In this period, 10,302 cases were confirmed. Although the reintroduction of measles in Brazil is likely due to migration from Venezuela, the spread of the virus was made possible by the low levels of MMR coverage, as a result of significant decreases during the study period. Areas with high concentration of municipalities with low coverage are more susceptible to the spread of the virus, especially in the North and Northeast regions. Increasing vaccination coverage is essential to block the ongoing outbreak in Brazil. Vaccination strategies might target priority areas, especially those with a marked decrease in coverage. Moreover, it is essential to extend actions to travelers, migrants and refugees., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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37. Decrease in the coverage of measles-containing vaccines and the risk of reestablishing endemic transmission of measles in Brazil.
- Author
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Pacheco FC, França GVA, Elidio GA, Oliveira CM, and Guilhem DB
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Progress in reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn,' and child health in Latin America and the Caribbean: an unfinished agenda.
- Author
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Restrepo-Méndez MC, Barros AJ, Requejo J, Durán P, Serpa LA, França GV, Wehrmeister FC, and Victora CG
- Subjects
- Caribbean Region epidemiology, Child, Child Mortality trends, Female, Growth Disorders epidemiology, Growth Disorders prevention & control, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality trends, Infant, Newborn, Latin America epidemiology, Medically Underserved Area, Morbidity trends, Poverty, Prevalence, Child Health, Health Equity, Healthcare Disparities, Infant Health, Maternal Health, Reproductive Health
- Abstract
Objective: To expand the "Countdown to 2015" analyses of health inequalities beyond the 75 countries being monitored worldwide to include all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) that have adequate data available., Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were used to monitor progress in health intervention coverage and inequalities in 13 LAC countries, five of which are included in the Countdown (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Haiti, and Peru) and eight that are not (Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Suriname). The outcomes included neonatal and under-5 year mortality rates, child stunting prevalence, and the composite coverage index-a weighted average of eight indicators of coverage in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. The slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to assess absolute and relative inequalities., Results: The composite coverage index showed monotonic patterns over wealth quintiles, with lowest levels in the poorest quintile. Under-5 and neonatal mortality as well as stunting prevalence were highest among the poor. In most countries, intervention coverage increased, while under-5 mortality and stunting prevalence fell most rapidly among the poor, so that inequalities were reduced over time. However, Bolivia, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Peru still show marked inequalities. Brazil has practically eliminated inequalities in stunting., Conclusions: LAC countries presented substantial progress in terms of reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions, child mortality, and nutrition. However, the poorest 20% of the population in most countries is still lagging behind, and renewed actions are needed to improve equity.
- Published
- 2015
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