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Recent research has assessed the role of general psychopathological symptoms in the natural history of mental health conditions, including anorexia nervosa (AN) in adults and obesity in children. Nevertheless, literature assessing general psychopathological symptoms in young patients with AN and their potential prognostic role in long-term outcomes is lacking. Observational, naturalistic study, involving young patients hospitalized for AN. General psychopathological symptoms were assessed by administering Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) at admission (T0) and discharge (T1). AN-specific psychopathology was assessed with Eating Disorders Inventory-3 Eating Disorder Risk (EDRC) and Body Uneasiness Test Global Severity Index (BUT-GSI). Potential T0-T1 modifications of general psychopathological symptoms and their possible associations with baseline psychopathological, weight, and psychopharmacological variables were assessed with a generalized linear model (GLM), corrected for baseline SCL-90-R scores. Then, possible associations between T0 general psychopathological symptoms and the risk of re-hospitalization at 1 year were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. This study enrolled 133 patients (mean age 16.9 ± 2.9 years, F = 91.8%). A significant T0-T1 reduction (p 0.001) in almost all the general psychopathological symptoms (except paranoia) emerged. The GLM revealed that higher EDI-3 EDRC scores were associated with higher T1 SCL-90-R scores in multiple domains. Cox regressions revealed a predictive role of SCL-90-R interpersonal sensitivity (B = 0.113, hazard ratio = 1.119, p = 0.023) on the risk of re-hospitalization at 1 year. Conclusion: General psychopathological symptoms in young patients with AN may be influenced by hospital treatment interventions and have a potential prognostic role on post-discharge outcomes. Further longitudinal studies are required. What is Known: • General psychopathological symptoms represent a relevant feature that clinicians should consider in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of multiple psychiatric conditions. Co-occurring psychiatric comorbidities, moreover, have been documented to impact individuals diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in the developmental age. Despite this evidence, the literature lacks studies assessing the occurrence and impact of general psychopathological symptoms in young patients with AN. What is New: • The clinical picture of children, adolescents, and young adults with AN mays be impacted by multiple general psychopathological symptoms, including Somatization, Obsession-compulsion, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobia, Paranoia, and Psychoticism, which may improve with a multidisciplinary hospital intervention. The occurrence of these symptoms, particularly "interpersonal sensitivity", may negatively impact the prognosis of the affected patients.

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify some prognostic factors in anamnestic/clinical/instrumental data at the onset of epileptic encephalopathy (EE), for multiple outcome measures.We recruited patients diagnosed as affected by EE at Sant'Anna University Hospital, with onset in the first 24 months of life, with follow-up lasting longer than 3 years.At the end of the follow-up, 6 patients (14%) died within 2 years of age; 20 patient (49%) had a drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE); 9 patients (22%) had a language development delay (LDD); 12 patients (30%) had an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 20 patients (49%) had a global psychomotor impairment (GPI); 9 patients (22%) needed palliative care; and nobody had a normal psychomotor development. Preexisting developmental delay predicts death (p = 0.009), and in survivors, it is associated with a GPI (p 0.001); patients with normal neurological examination at the onset of EE only develop a LDD (p = 0.020). Neuroimaging structural alterations are associated with DRE (p = 0.012) and with a GPI (p = 0.013). The history of perinatal risk factors predicts the worst prognosis (death: p = 0.035, GPI: p = 0.015, and access to palliative care: p = 0.007). The absence of early response to treatment is correlated to a poor long-term prognosis (GPI, p = 0.019; DRE, p = 0.001). The multivariate analysis confirms that a normal development at onset predicts the most favorable prognosis, both in terms of survival and cognitive outcome (OR [odds ratio] = 0.1). An early response to treatment is a protective factor for DRE (OR = 0.1). A perinatal pathology is confirmed as an independent prognostic factor of severe comorbidities (access to palliative care: OR = 10.4).This study was conducted to recognize possible prognostic factors among onset data of patients with EE, considering multiple outcome measures. This study design represents an innovative element compared to available papers, which were centered on isolated endpoints of prognosis, such as the prediction of neurocognitive development impairment or drug resistance. The data obtained from the study confirm that EEs prognosis is generally, but not universally, poor. Structural etiology and/or lack of response to antiepileptic drug (AED) within three months are main risk factors for DRE. Normal development at the onset of EEs and early response to treatment are the main positive prognostic factors.