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Purpose: To monitor the early bone reaction in a canine model to a conventional sandblasted and dual acid-etched implant surface (ABT), a nanostructured hydrophilic surface (Nano), a dry salt–bioactivated ultra-hydrophilic surface (Hydro), and a bioactivated nanosurface obtained from the addition of dry salts to the Nano surface (Nano-Active). Materials and Methods: ABT, Nano, Hydro, and Nano-Active implants were placed in 12 dogs. A randomized split-mouth design was adopted. One implant of each type was placed in the mandible 3 months after tooth extraction in healed sites at the first molar region bilaterally. In the same session, the third and fourth premolars were extracted bilaterally and one implant of each type was immediately placed into the extraction socket. The dogs were euthanized at 14 and 28 days following surgery, and the peri-implant bone reaction was assessed histologically using Stevenel’s blue and alizarin red in nondecalcified sections. Results: The postoperative healing was uneventful. The 14-day histologic analysis reported nonsignificant results in terms of difference between the groups, while significant results were found 28 days after surgery. In fact, a significantly higher rate of new bone around the implant was reported in the Nano-Active compared to the Nano groups (51.0% ± 10.2% vs 36.0% ± 10.2%) and Hydro compared to the Nano groups (47.3% ± 10.7% vs 36.0% ± 10.2%). Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that new bone formed after 4 weeks demonstrated a tendency for dry salt–treated bioactivated surfaces to improve bone deposition in the interface in the early stages of healing; however, due to the limited number of dogs, the results failed to show a statistical significance. A study with a significantly larger group of animals should be performed in order to challenge the assumption that ultra-hydrophilic–surface implants might show higher bone-implant contact in immediate postextraction replacement.

Implantology represents the gold standard in oral rehabilitation. Unfortunately, a new pathology begins to show itself to clinicians that no longer affects only and solely the supporting tissues of the tooth but also dental implants and peri-implantitis. In this study, we present a case report regarding a tissue regeneration maneuver involving dental implants. The clinical and radiographic results are encouraging, regarding the use of these techniques on implant surfaces. Surely, the advent of new biomaterials and surgical techniques will make this practice safe and predictable.

PURPOSE The aim of this network meta-analysis is to evaluate the accuracy of various face-scanning technologies in the market, with respect to the different dimensions of space (x, y, and z axes). Furthermore, attention will be paid to the type of technologies currently used and to the best practices for high-quality scan acquisition. MATERIAL AND METHODS The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and its updates. A thorough search was performed using the digital databases MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by entering research lines or various combinations of free words. The main keywords used during the search process were "photogrammetry", "laser scanner", "optical scanner", "3D, and "face". RESULTS None of the included technologies significantly deviated from direct anthropometry. The obtained mean differences in the distances between the considered landmarks range from 1.10 to -1.74 mm. CONCLUSION Limiting the movements of the patient and scanner allows for more accurate facial scans with all the technologies involved. Active technologies such as laser scanners (LS), structured light (SL), and infrared structured light (ISL) have accuracy comparable to that of static stereophotogrammetry while being more cost-effective and less time-consuming.

Dentoalveolar surgery is probably the major risk factor for MRONJ and for other complications following a tooth extraction, especially in patients affected by systemic diseases. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate whether a PRF plug inserted in the post extraction socket can prevent the onset of MRONJ. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical protocol that included the insertion or not of the PRF following the extraction and all the anamnestic, and clinical data were analyzed. In the control group, 5 patients developed MRONJ (19.23%) while in the study group, any case of MRONJ was reported. In the control group, patients who developed MRONJ had a CTX with less than 100 pg/mL (5 high-risk patients, Spearman’s rank r = .547 , p < .001 ). The use of platelet concentrates in patients with high risk of MRONJ is a user-friendly technique with an excellent cost-benefit ratio in oral surgery.

The 3D facial scan technology allows to virtualize the face of the patient, that can be incorporated with other 3D dental images produced by digital scanning of the dental structures. Aim of this study is to investigate the trueness and precision of a low-cost portable face scanner, with two different scan techniques MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients were enrolled for this study and seventeen soft tissue landmarks were selected to perform linear facial measurements, specifically Reference (Ref), Pronasion (Prn), Subnasal (Sn), Exocanthion Left (Ex-L), Exocanthion Right (Ex-R), Pogonion (Pg), Glabella (G), Alar curvature Right (Al-R), Alar curvature Left (Al-L), Zygion Left (Zn-L), Zygion Right (Zn-R), Orbital Left (Or-L), Orbital Right (Or-R), Tragus Right (T-R), Tragus Left (T-L), Chelion Right (Ch-R) and Chelion Left (Ch-L). Interlandmark distances were measured both manually and digitally. For the manual group ten measurements were made using a digital caliper. For digital group measurements were recorded on the patient face scan obtained using an Ipad Pro 3rd Gen. (Apple Store, Cupertino, CA, USA) and Bellus3D Dental Pro-App (Bellus3D, Inc. Campbell, CA, USA) using "face mode" scan with two different scanning techniques, named Free technique (FT) and Slider Technique (ST). Ten measurements were made for each technique. An open-source software (Meshlab; Meshlab) was used to record all the distances. A paired t-test was used to analyze FT and ST results. In order to further evaluate precision and scan repeatability a surface analysis was performed with both scanning techniques using a CAD software (GOM inspect, GOM) and the total differences in absolute 3D deviations were calculated as root mean square.The comparison between manual and digital measurements showed a mean absolute difference of 0.95±0.25 for FT and 1.00±0.29 for the ST. Trueness analysis showed statistically significant differences for the Exocanthion L- Exocanthion R measurement with FT having better performance (P.05). Precision analysis showed statistically significant differences for G-Pg, Ref-Zn-R and Prn-Zn-R with ST having better performance (P.05). To achieve all the scans required without any signs of deformation, 184 scans were performed using Free technique and 124 scans using Slider technique. Surface analysis revealed a mean distance of 0.12±0.45 between Free scans and 0.13±0.46 between Slider scans in accordance with the linear measurement analysis CONCLUSION: The study showed that accuracy of low-cost portable scanner can be suitable for clinical use. The use of ST is suggested for a reliable clinical use due to the better precision and an effective reduction of motion artifacts and the lower compliance required to the patients during the scan.

The surface topography of dental implants plays an important role in cell-surface interaction promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation influencing osseointegration. A hydrophilic implant leads to the absorption of water molecules and subsequently promotes the adhesion of cells to the implant binding protein. Dried salts on the implant surfaces allow one to store the implant surfaces in a dry environment while preserving their hydrophilic characteristics. This process has been identified as “dry technology”. The aim of the present study is to describe from a micrometric and nanometric point of view the characteristics of this new bioactivated surface obtained using salts dried on the surface. Topographic analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and contact angle characterization were performed on the samples of a sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface (ABT), a nanosurface (Nano) deriving from the former but with the adding of salts air dried and a nanosurface with salts dissolved with distilled water (Nano H2O). The analysis revealed promising results for nanostructured surfaces with increased wettability and a more articulated surface nanotopography than the traditional ABT surface. In conclusion, this study validates a new promising ultra-hydrophilic nano surface obtained by sandblasting, double acid etching and surface salt deposition using dry technology.

Face scans are currently used in dentistry to obtain a virtual patient. Find stable and repeatable references for their matching is a fundamental step. Aim of this study is to evaluate matching reliability of multiple face scans using frontal adhesives references. Null hypothesis was that no significant discrepancy could be detected between the references position analyzed both with surface analysis and linear analysis.Nine patients were enrolled for this study and nine soft tissue adhesives landmarks (APLI Paper S.A.U, 4 mm Ø) placed, equally distributed, on the forehead and glabella. Patients were digitally scanned with a portable scanner (iPad Pro 3rd Gen. Apple Store, Cupertino, CA, USA) using the software Bellus3D (Inc. Campbell, CA, USA) in maximum intercuspation, with a full smile and with a scan reference device. After the scan procedure, a high-definition polygon file format (.ply) was exported, and linear measurements were collected with MeshLab (MeshLab; MeshLab). In order to further evaluate reference accuracy, a surface analysis was performed using a CAD software (GOM inspect, GOM). 3D deviations were calculated as root mean square. Statistical analysis was performed used two repeated-measures ANOVAs.Results showed non-significant differences both for linear measurements (p=.22) and surface analysis (p=.58). Frontal references showed to be clinical reliable landmarks for use during face scans alignment, even with different facial expressions.The proposed technique seems to be suitable for the clinical use when superimposition of several face scans is required.This study showed the clinical reliability of face scans matching method using adhesives references. These references are cheap and easy to use, allowing for a rapid registration of the patient anatomy.

(1) Background: The phenomenon of ankylosis of the dental elements has led clinicians to think that properly treated dentin and cement may be a potential graft for alveolar ridge augmentation. Currently, there are no studies in the literature able to histomorphometrically compare the healing patterns of an autogenous dentin particulate graft with the association, or not, of resorbable membranes. The aim of this pilot study is to histologically compare bone after an alveolar ridge augmentation using an autogenous dentin particulate graft with and without a resorbable collagen membrane. (2) Methods: this clinical trial enrolled six patients with defects requiring bone augmentation. Two procedures were performed in all six adult human patients in order to perform a study–control study: in Group 1, a ridge augmentation procedure with an autogenous dentin particulate graft and a resorbable collagen membrane was performed, and, in Group 2, an alveolar ridge preservation without a membrane was performed at the same time (T0). At 4 months, a biopsy of the bone tissues was performed using a 4 mm trephine bur in order to perform a histomorphometric analysis. (3) Results: The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that Group 1 presented 45% of bone volume, 38% of vital bone, and 7% of residual graft. On the contrary, membrane-free regenerative procedures demonstrated 37% of bone volume, 9% of vital bone, and 27% of non-resorbed graft. In all cases, the regenerated bone allowed the insertion of implants with a standard platform, and no early failures were recorded. (4) Conclusions: Autogenous dentin particulate grafts seem to work best when paired with a membrane.

The use of dental implants has grown over the years and has led to higher success rates. To further enhance surgical outcomes, many research groups and companies have shifted their focus to surfaces roughness, wettability and chemistry. In a recent study a new dry salt bioactivate surface has been described from a chemical and physical point of view. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast cell lines to dry bioactivated surface. MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell lines were cultured on SM (sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface) and HNS (SM surface with dry salts bioactive technology). Cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay and cell morphology were performed. Osteogenic activity was performed using Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase. The results showed that SM surface determines a slighter but significant increase in cell adhesion and proliferation in a shorter time compared to HNS. On the contrary, HNS surface has long and intertwining filopodia that could be a response to surface HNS-topography that results in a higher stage of differentiation. The nature of the HNS surface is more prone to determine massive deposition of calcium minerals. This study is the first investigating the role of this interesting dry-salts bioactive surface during the first phase of healing and its potential biochemical advantage could be validated by future animal studies with the aim of evaluate the rate of bone implant contact in the early stages of healing.