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The high body fat percentage incresed risk of cardiovascular and metabolic. To evaluate the influence of body fat on inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors in female adolescents. Cross-sectional study with 555 female adolescents, aged 10 to 19 years. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Body fat percentage was obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. Were evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting glucose levels, insulin, lipid profile, uric acid, and inflammatory markers (Interleukin 6 - IL-6, Interleukin 10 - IL-10, high-sensitivity C Reactive Protein – hs-CRP, Tumor Necrosis Factor - TNF-α, Leptin, and Tumor Necrosis Factor - TNF-α). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to verify the distribution of the variables, and the Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used according to the characteristics of the variables. Linear regression analyses were performed. A statistical significance level of 5% was adopted. Increased body fat in adolescent girls relates to increased values of blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin, uric acid, leptin and IL-6. The increasing one percent body fat increases uric acid by 1.22 mg/dL and leptin by 0.0005 pg/mL, suggesting that for these two markers, eutrophic adolescents with high percent body fat show similar behavior as obese adolescents (with high BMI and body fat). The highlight the need to assess body composition in adolescents to identify those with higher fat percentage, since, even with normal weight, they may present increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic complications at this stage of life, which may be maintained or worsened in adulthood.

Background: Excess adiposity is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to compare cardiometabolic risk factors in eutrophic adolescents with a high body fat percentage (%BF) with eutrophic adolescents with adequate %BF and those with excess weight and %BF. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1043 adolescents. This study presented power equal to 99.75%. Body fat and anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators were evaluated. Participants were grouped according to body composition classified by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.0.2, adopting a significance level of 5%. The Mann–Whitney test, principal components analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: It was observed that the SG was more similar to GC2 than to GC1 for both sexes, demonstrating that there was a greater similarity between these groups in relation to the evaluated factors. Higher values for TC, SBP and TG were associated with the SG when the CG1 was used as reference, controlled for sex and age. Likewise, higher TC values and lower levels of SBP, TG and LDL were related to SG when the CG2 was used as reference. Conclusion: Body fat assessment is more effective in predicting risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases than BMI alone.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as potencialidades dos indicadores do estado nutricional de iodo em indivíduos ou populações. A revisão foi baseada no PRISMA. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu em janeiro de 2019, nas bases Pubmed, Scopus e LILACS, utilizando a combinação “indicadores AND estado nutricional AND iodo”. A seleção seguiu as etapas de exclusão dos duplicados, leitura de títulos e resumos e análise na íntegra. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento de Downs e Black. Foram identificados 178 estudos e 20 foram incluídos. A Concentração Urinária de Iodo (CUI) foi analisada em 65% dos estudos e foi considerado o melhor indicador para avaliar o estado nutricional de iodo populacional. A tiroglobulina foi determinada em 20% dos estudos e refletiu o estado de iodo pregresso. O hormônio estimulante da tireoide foi verificado em 45% dos artigos e mostrou-se sensível para a vigilância de deficiência de iodo em recém-nascidos. Apenas um estudo avaliou o iodo no cabelo, útil para analisar a ingestão dietética em longo prazo. Na avaliação da qualidade metodológica, a menor pontuação foi 12, e a maior 16, em 17 pontos possíveis. Para diagnóstico de deficiência e excesso de iodo na população, recomenda-se a CUI. Abstract The scope of this article is to evaluate the potentialities of indicators of the nutritional status of iodine in individuals or populations. The review was based on PRISMA. The search for articles occurred in January 2019, in the Pubmed, Scopus and LILACS databases, using the key words: indicators AND nutritional status AND iodine. The selection followed the stages of excluding the duplicates, reading the titles, abstracts and analyses in full. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated by the Downs and Black instrument. A total of 178 studies were identified and 20 were included. Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was analyzed in 65% of the studies and was considered the best indicator to evaluate the nutritional status of iodine in the population. Thyroglobulin was determined in 20% of the studies and reflected the pre-existing state of iodine. Thyroid stimulating hormone was verified in 45% of the articles and was important for the surveillance of iodine deficiency among newborns. Only one study evaluated capillary iodine, useful for analyzing long-term dietary intake. In the evaluation of methodological quality, the lowest score was 12 and the highest 16, in 17 possible points. The use of UIC is recommended for the diagnosis of deficiency and excess of iodine in the population.

Food insecurity is a public health problem as it affects a wide array of individuals in the population. It can be characterized by food deprivation, lack of essential nutrition, lack of dietary education, lack of adequate storage conditions, poor absorption, and poor overall nutrition. The relationship between food insecurity and micronutrient deficiency requires more effort to deepen and discuss the relationship. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between food insecurity and micronutrient deficiency in adults. The research was conducted according to PRISMA using the Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs/BVS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl databases. Studies carried out with male and female adults were included, which investigated the correlation or association between food insecurity and the nutritional status of micronutrients. There were no publication year, country, or language restrictions. A total of 1148 articles were found, and 18 of these were included, carried out mainly on the American continent and with women. The most evaluated micronutrients were iron and vitamin A. Food insecurity was associated with nutrient deficiency in 89% (n = 16) of the studies. As a result of the meta-analysis, it was observed that there is a greater chance of anemia and low levels of ferritin among food insecure individuals. It is concluded that food insecurity is associated with micronutrient deficiency. Understanding these problems allows the creation of public policies capable of contributing to changes. Protocol registration: This review was registered on the PROSPERO-International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database—CRD42021257443.

Objective: To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common. Materials and methods: Based on the PRISMA methodology, we conducted the search for articles in the PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases, between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. We used descriptors in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, without filters. Four clinical trials and four cohort articles were included in the review. Results: The maximum supplementation was 300 μg of potassium iodide per day. The Bayley scale and Children’s Communication Checklist-Short were used to assess neurodevelopment in children. There was no significant improvement in the children’s mental development index and behavioural development index in the supplemented group; however, the psychomotor development index (PDI) showed improvement in the poorer gross motor skills. We found differences in the response time to sound in the supplemented group living in mild deficiency areas. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with iodine can improve poor psychomotor development of children living in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies to assess the effect of supplementation on neurodevelopment before, during and after gestation in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas.

As pregnant women are susceptible to changes in iodine, which can cause miscarriage, goiter, thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, in addition to fetal neurological impairment or development. The aim of this study was to verify the implications of the iodine alteration in each gestational trimester and its consequences of physiological justification. The review was based on PRISMA. Searching for articles that took place in March 2020 without delimiting data. As bases consulted were the Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Medline (PubMed). The descriptors were combined as follows: "pregnancy" AND "iodine deficiency". Articles that addressed iodine deficiency and its implications were included. The selection followed the steps of reading the titles, abstracts and full articles. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the STROBE Instruction instrument was used. The research resulted in 1,266 studies and 11 were included. In assessing methodological quality, the lowest score was and the maximum 20. According to studies, the fourth most affected by iodine loss are the second and third, it is possible to increase the volume and pneumatic nodules, subclinical hypothyroidism, pre-eclampsia, among others. The damages caused by iodine deficiency in the first or second trimester are still reversible, therefore, they need to be diagnosed early, to guarantee an iodic homeostasis and prevent damage to the health of the mother-child binomial.

Introduction. Two main strategies are currently recommended for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency in the world: implementation of universal salt iodisation programmes and permanent monitoring of iodine consumption by the population. Although iodine intake and coverage iodised salt have increased in the world population, iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) may still be a public health problem in a few countries or communities. Objective. To assess the impact of salt iodisation programmes on urinary iodine concentrations and goitre rates in the world population. Methodology. A systematic review based on the PRISMA method. We obtained articles from Scopus, Science Direct, MEDLINE databases, and other sources between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. “Iodisation” AND “urinary iodine concentrations” AND “goitre” in English, Portuguese, and Spanish without filters and clinical trial, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included in this review. Results. Of 479 abstracts, twenty-three were eligible. Coverage on iodised salt was in the range of 16 to 98%, and 11 studies had been sufficient, whilst eight studies had adequate iodine concentration in salt and three excess. 81.8% of studies that had an adequate median of UIC had a good impact in their respective salt iodisation programmes. Conclusion. After 18 years of salt iodisation programme implementation in the 13 countries, the majority achieved sustaining elimination of IDD whilst all had adequate median UIC; however, more detailed studies are still needed to confirm that all communities are equally protected of IDD.

The scope of this article is to evaluate the potentialities of indicators of the nutritional status of iodine in individuals or populations. The review was based on PRISMA. The search for articles occurred in January 2019, in the Pubmed, Scopus and LILACS databases, using the key words: indicators AND nutritional status AND iodine. The selection followed the stages of excluding the duplicates, reading the titles, abstracts and analyses in full. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated by the Downs and Black instrument. A total of 178 studies were identified and 20 were included. Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was analyzed in 65% of the studies and was considered the best indicator to evaluate the nutritional status of iodine in the population. Thyroglobulin was determined in 20% of the studies and reflected the pre-existing state of iodine. Thyroid stimulating hormone was verified in 45% of the articles and was important for the surveillance of iodine deficiency among newborns. Only one study evaluated capillary iodine, useful for analyzing long-term dietary intake. In the evaluation of methodological quality, the lowest score was 12 and the highest 16, in 17 possible points. The use of UIC is recommended for the diagnosis of deficiency and excess of iodine in the population.O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as potencialidades dos indicadores do estado nutricional de iodo em indivíduos ou populações. A revisão foi baseada no PRISMA. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu em janeiro de 2019, nas bases Pubmed, Scopus e LILACS, utilizando a combinação “indicadores AND estado nutricional AND iodo”. A seleção seguiu as etapas de exclusão dos duplicados, leitura de títulos e resumos e análise na íntegra. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento de Downs e Black. Foram identificados 178 estudos e 20 foram incluídos. A Concentração Urinária de Iodo (CUI) foi analisada em 65% dos estudos e foi considerado o melhor indicador para avaliar o estado nutricional de iodo populacional. A tiroglobulina foi determinada em 20% dos estudos e refletiu o estado de iodo pregresso. O hormônio estimulante da tireoide foi verificado em 45% dos artigos e mostrou-se sensível para a vigilância de deficiência de iodo em recém-nascidos. Apenas um estudo avaliou o iodo no cabelo, útil para analisar a ingestão dietética em longo prazo. Na avaliação da qualidade metodológica, a menor pontuação foi 12, e a maior 16, em 17 pontos possíveis. Para diagnóstico de deficiência e excesso de iodo na população, recomenda-se a CUI.

Introducao: O iodo e um micronutriente essencial para o adequado desenvolvimento das criancas. Para combater a deficiencia deste micronutriente, a Organizacao Mundial de Saude recomendou o programa universal de iodacao do sal. No entanto, o grupo materno infantil permanece vulneravel, devido a maior necessidade nutricional. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisao foi investigar os fatores associados ao estado nutricional de iodo de nutrizes e lactentes. Materiais e metodos: A revisao foi baseada no metodo PRISMA. Os artigos foram identificados nas bases Publisher Medline, Science Direct e Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude/Biblioteva Virtual em Saude. Foram incluidos artigos que avaliaram o estado nutricional de iodo em nutrizes e seus respectivos lactentes. A busca resultou em 628 artigos, dos quais 10 foram selecionados. Resultados: Os estudos detectaram deficiencia de iodo no grupo materno infantil, apresentando associacao entre o estado nutricional de iodo da mae e da crianca. Alem disso, o consumo de iodo esta relacionado ao conteudo de iodo na agua e no sal consumido pela populacao. O tabagismo pela nutriz parece influenciar a composicao do leite e nutricao de iodo do lactente, no entanto, esta relacao precisa ser investigada. Conclusoes: Os estudos analisados, em sua maioria, apontam a necessidade de se desenvolver uma politica publica eficaz voltada especificamente para o e grupo materno-infantil.

Na educação alimentar e nutricional, a atividade lúdica é uma ferramenta importante, devido ao seu significado na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. A educação convencional pode não ter se mostrado efetiva para a modificação de hábitos alimentares adequados e para desmistificar crenças acerca da alimentação, sendo imprescindível a realização de abordagens mais significativas para os escolares. O objetivo do presente estudo foi desmistificar crenças acerca da alimentação, avaliando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em uma dinâmica intitulada “Mitos e Verdades” desenvolvida com estudantes de uma escola municipal de Viçosa-MG. Este estudo foi realizado com escolares de 5 a 10 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididos em 5 turmas, de acordo com as séries escolares. Foi realizada a dinâmica, sendo cada sala dividida em dois grupos, os quais receberam nomes criados pelos escolares. Cada grupo recebeu duas plaquinhas, sendo uma referente a “mito” e outra a “verdade”. O mediador lia as frases sobre nutrição, como por exemplo, “Faz mal não realizar o café da manhã”, “Ficar em jejum emagrece”, que deveriam ser julgadas e justificadas pelos participantes de acordo com a placa levantada, ou seja, como “mito” ou “verdade”. Após cada resposta, realizava-se uma discussão sobre o tema abordado para complementar e reforçar as informações discutidas. Ao final da dinâmica, o grupo que obteve mais acertos recebeu um certificado como reconhecimento. Verificou-se que as crianças já possuíam um conhecimento anterior acerca dos hábitos alimentares e que esse saber foi aprimorado através da discussão de cada afirmativa, desvendando paradigmas relacionados à alimentação. Assim, foi possível impulsionar o trabalho em equipe através da reflexão entre os membros do grupo, tendo em vista a harmonia de um julgamento a respeito das afirmativas. O caráter lúdico da dinâmica permite maior comprometimento dos grupos, motivando maior troca de saberes, bem como uma promoção da saúde satisfatória. Por meio da atividade realizada, observou-se que a mesma proporcionou um conhecimento científico aos escolares, quebrando tabus e o senso comum acerca da alimentação, retificando informações errôneas. O caráter lúdico da atividade permitiu a participação dos estudantes, facilitando o processo ensino-aprendizagem e tornando-o mais significativo. Ressalta-se a importância de atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional voltadas aos escolares, a fim de promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis e sua perpetuação na fase adulta.

Para uma vida saudável, destaca-se a promoção da saúde através de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional que, por meio do diálogo e troca de conhecimentos, visam motivar o indivíduo a adotar hábitos de vida mais saudáveis. Nesse sentido, destacam-se as oficinas culinárias, que permitem o encontro do saber popular com o científico, transmitindo informações de forma lúdica, didática e participativa. Promover práticas de educação alimentar e nutricional com residentes na comunidade Córrego São João e setores, localizada na zona rural de Viçosa-MG. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado pelo Programa de Educação Tutorial em Nutrição (PET-NUT/UFV) em parceria com a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER), Viçosa-MG. A prática de educação alimentar e nutricional foi desenvolvida com 12 mulheres, produtoras rurais, na faixa etária entre 35 a 60 anos, por integrantes do PET-NUT/UFV. Foi demonstrado o preparo de dois bolos, um a base de beterraba e outro de couve, a fim de ressaltar a possibilidade de desenvolver preparações simples, nutritivas e saborosas com ingredientes comuns e de fácil acesso, muitas vezes produzidos em sua propriedade. Ao longo do processo, as ministrantes destacaram o valor nutricional dos alimentos em questão, suas principais características e propriedades, bem como o melhor modo de preparo. As ouvintes foram participativas durante todo o processo, discutindo sobre algumas condutas já realizadas no cotidiano e esclarecendo algumas dúvidas. Foi possível observar que elas apresentaram conhecimento prévio sobre alimentação saudável. Ao saber das vantagens da utilização da beterraba e couve e, após a degustação dos bolos, elas se mostraram satisfeitas e motivadas em repetir as preparações em outro momento. Conclui-se que as atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional, como por exemplo, as oficinas culinárias, são importantes estratégias para a reaprendizagem dos saberes sobre a alimentação saudável com o objetivo de aplicar os conceitos no preparo de receitas saborosas e de alto valor nutritivo.