Search

Proyecto CSO2013-40646-P, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad., El norte de la región marroquí de Tánger-Tetuán-Alhucemas ha contemplado en las últimas décadas un extraordinario crecimiento de su tejido industrial, especialmente mediante el asentamiento de numerosas Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación. Estas empresas se caracterizan por un uso intensivo del factor trabajo y una flexibilidad en las condiciones laborales. Sobre este contexto, el artículo analiza las prácticas sociolaborales implementadas por las Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación y su relación con la decisión de emigrar al extranjero (o no) por parte de sus trabajadores. Para ello se ha implementado un estudio analítico-interpretativo, el cual ha contado con 93 entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadores del sector industrial. Siguiendo la Teoría Fundamentada como metodología de análisis, los resultados muestran cómo las Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación han tenido una importante incidencia en la cultura migratoria de los trabajadores y, en concreto, en su búsqueda del bienestar a través de la migración., The north of the Moroccan region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima has seen an extraordinary growth in its industrial fabric in recent decades, especially through the establishment of numerous Export Manufacturing Companies. These companies are characterized by an intensive use of the work factor and flexibility in working conditions. In this context, the article analyzes the social and labor practices implemented by Export Manufacturing Companies and their relationship with the decision to migrate abroad (or not) by their workers. For this, an analytical-interpretive study has been carried out, which has used 93 in-depth interviews with workers in the industrial sector. Following the Grounded Theory as an analysis methodology, the results show how Export Manufacturing Companies have had an important impact on the migratory culture of workers and, specifically, in their search for well-being through migration., CSO2013-40646-P Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

The increase in one-person households is regarded as a manifestation of the process of social individualization that strengthens individuals’ ability to make lifestyle choices to the detriment of certain social institutions. However, the background circumstances to solo living can vary widely and often stem from structural determinants, such as gender inequalities, within the framework of a highly competitive society. This article analyses the nature and social significance of solo-living in Spain through a case study of young adult women (25–45 years of age) residing in an urban environment (Barcelona and Jaen). The analyses focus on aspects connected with the theory of social individualization (e.g. the demands of working life and expectations regarding life partners, motherhood and social relations). Four different profiles of women can be distinguished in the results: ‘cosmopolitans’, ‘unconditionals’, ‘empowered’, and ‘temporaries’. In broad terms, the interviewees’ narratives bear witness to the process of individualization (self-realization with which to engage in a personal life project), although tensions come into play between personal expectations and the demands of working life, especially in the spheres of sexual partnership and motherhood.

Las empresas exportadoras de productos manufacturados y de servicios del norte de Marruecos siguen un sistema de produccion caracterizado por la alta presion, la flexibilidad, la supervision directa y el cuestionamiento de ciertos derechos laborales. En el presente trabajo se estudian las condiciones laborales de estas empresas a partir del modelo teorico de la «economia global localizada», estableciendo una diferenciacion segun el tipo de empresa, la rama de actividad economica y la categoria profesional. Los resultados muestran como la reforma laboral de 2004, que adapto la normativa a los convenios internacionales, ha servido para otorgar mayor poder a la empresa transnacional.

Companies in northern Morocco that export manufactured goods and services run on a production system characterized by high pressure, flexible use of labour, strict supervision and the challenging of certain labour rights. This article studies the conditions of work at these enterprises on the basis of the theoretical model of the “localized global economy”, drawing distinctions based on types of enterprise, industry and occupational categories. The results show how changes to the labour law in 2004, which adopted the standards contained in international conventions, have given more power to multinational enterprises.

This chapter investigates the link between the transnational production of goods and migration in the context of export industries in border regions. Recognizing that labor migration in these areas represents a complex interaction between local and global labor markets, commodity chains, as well as internal and international migration networks, this chapter examines the motivations for migrating, options, obstacles and opportunities as experienced by workers in Border Export Industries (BEIs) in two case studies: Tijuana (Mexico) and Tangier-Tetouan (Morocco). Providing a comparison of these two cases, the chapter provides a conceptualization of the phenomenon of migration to and from export-processing areas in border regions based on the concept of migration hub. Further, this chapter outlines a rough typology of migration/migrants from such migration hubs.

In recent decades a process of export-oriented industrialisation has been implemented in Morocco. Many foreign companies are starting to relocate their production to Moroccan territory, benefiting (as have other agents) from the tax advantages offered by the government. The lack of labour rights in these companies gives workers an impulse to quit and emigrate abroad. About fifty thousand Moroccan immigrants with labour experience in the industry in Morocco live in Spain. This paper summarises the methodological decisions taken in a doctoral thesis which aimed to study the working and migratory careers of the Moroccan population in Spain who previously worked in the export industry of their country. Throughout the article, questions are answered about research design, data collection techniques, the field work that was carried out or the analytical and synthetic processing of information. For example, the commitment to methodological complementation as a model for gathering data, the conducting of fifty eight in-depth interviews (both in Spain and in Morocco), the preparation and use of the microdata of the National Immigrant Survey in 2007 or the use of grounded theory as a model of analysis.En las últimas décadas ha sido implantado un modelo de industrialización orientado hacia la exportación en Marruecos. Muchas empresas extranjeras están relocalizando sus procesos de producción en territorio marroquí, beneficiándose entre otros aspectos de las ventajas fiscales ofrecidas por la gobernanza pública. La ausencia de derechos laborales en estas empresas supone para los trabajadores un impulso para abandonar y emigrar hacia el extranjero. En España residen cerca de cincuenta mil inmigrantes marroquíes con experiencia laboral en la industria en Marruecos. El presente trabajo sintetiza aquellas decisiones metodológicas llevadas a cabo en una tesis doctoral que estudia la trayectoria laboral y migratoria de la población marroquí en España que, previamente, ha trabajado en la industria exportadora del país alauí. A lo largo del artículo se responden cuestiones en torno al diseño de la investigación, las técnicas de obtención de datos, el trabajo de campo llevado a cabo o el proceso analítico y sintético de la información. Por ejemplo, se justifica la apuesta por la complementación metodológica como modelo de obtención de la información, la realización de cincuenta y ocho entrevistas en profundidad (tanto en España como en Marruecos), la preparación y utilización de los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes de 2007 o el recurso de la teoría fundamentada como modelo de análisis.