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Nutrition transition provokes changes in the nutritional status of individuals subjected to the interaction of various environmental factors; therefore, the aim was to demonstrate that nutrition transition is associated with socioeconomic changes, eating habits and physical activity, potentially involved in stunting, overweight and obesity of schoolchildren.Case-control study. 102 participants from the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (cases) and 194 from the elementary school system (controls), aged 5 to 12 years, were included. Dependent variables were these indexes weight/age (Z), height/age (Z), BMI (Z). Independent variables were the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Student's t test, chi square, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.Family income was low (p = 0.031) and unstable job was higher in cases: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.8-6.0. The frequency of stunting was higher in cases (9.9% vs. 5.9%). The combination of overweight/obesity was higher in controls (27.3% vs. 16.8%), OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.0-3.4.The nutritional status of children of Arandas, Jalisco, has been modified by an accelerate nutrition transition, provoked by socioeconomic, educational and demographic factors that might have influence on the persistence of stunting and an increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity.la transición nutricia (TN) propicia cambios en el estado de nutrición de los individuos sometidos a la interacción de diversos factores ambientales; por tanto, el objetivo fue demostrar que la TN se asocia a cambios socioeconómicos, en los hábitos de alimentación y en la actividad física, potencialmente implicados en el desmedro, el sobrepeso y la obesidad en escolares.estudio de casos (n = 102) del Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco y controles (n = 194) de escuelas públicas del municipio, de cinco a doce años de edad. Las variables dependientes fueron los índices peso/edad (Z), talla/edad (Z), IMC/E (Z). Las variables independientes fueron las características socioeconómicas y demográficas. Se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student, chi cuadrada y razón de momios (RM) con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%).el ingreso familiar mensual fue menor (p = 0.031) y el trabajo eventual fue más común en los casos, RM = 4.1, IC 95% = 2.8-6.0. La frecuencia de desmedro fue mayor en los casos (9.9% frente a 5.9%). La combinación de sobrepeso/obesidad fue mayor en los controles (27.3% frente a 16.8%), RM = 1.85, IC 95% = 1.0-3.4.el estado nutricio de los niños de Arandas parece estar modificándose por una transición nutricia acelerada por cambios socioeconómicos, demográficos y educacionales que influyen en la persistencia de desmedro y en una creciente prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad.

Since the early 1990s we noted that family dysfunction was more common in children with severe primary malnutrition than in children admitted to the hospital without malnutrition. Defects on feeding habits during the first year of life, especially early weaning and inadequate complementary feeding were more common in dysfunctional families. We also observed that chronic malnutrition in preschool children, and overweight and obesity in schoolchildren were more common in children from dysfunctional families. Once the association between dysfunctional family dynamics and obesity in schoolchildren was demonstrated, it was observed that low education of fathers and mothers increased twofold the possibility of family dysfunction: OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.37-3.10 and OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.57-3.89, respectively. In addition, the low-income and the lower purchasing power of foods were associated to family dysfunction (p0.05). A remaining task is to explore how to assess family dysfunction in composite, extended, single-parent families where there exist other persons vulnerable to the different entities of malnutrition syndrome and indeed depend on adults for their care, food and nutrition.

Objective. To assess the nutritional status of children attending the Instituto Alteno para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Highlands Institute for Development of Jalisco State, Inadej) in Arandas, Jalisco and to discuss the classification criteria of infant malnutrition in Mexico. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 775 children aged between twelve and one hundred and twenty months, who attended Inadej, including 432 children recently registered in INADEJ. Measurements included weight/age, height/age, and weight/height indices. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared using the WHO’s criteria and the Mexican Official Norm Classification (NOM-SSA) criteria. The weight/ age, height/age and weight/ height indices were compared using the chi-squared test. Results. Parents’ schooling level was low (mean=3.6 years); the mean family income was U.S. $198.00 dollars per month, with each family member receiving 0.56 dollars per day for three daily meals. The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher with any of the three indices when using the NOM-SSA criteria, as compared to the WHO criteria (weight/age 91.7 vs. 30.9%; height/age 66.9 vs 17.3%; and weight/height 62.5 vs. 9.5%, respectively). Conclusions. The weight/age index and the NOM-SSA criteria overestimate the prevalence of malnutrition and are not able to tell apart children with familial small size, nor those with acute and/or chronic or past Vasquez-Garibay EM, Romero-Velarde E, Napoles-Rodriguez F, Nuno-Cosio ME, Padilla-Gutierrez N. Interpretacion de indices antropometricos en ninos de Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2002;44:92-99. El texto completo en ingles de este articulo esta disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar instrumentos metodológicos que permitan evaluar y garantizar la calidad de los servicios médicos que se otorgan, mediante la exploración de la satisfacción de las expectativas del sujeto de la atención (pacientes), de la institución que presta los servicios (directivos), y del prestador directo de la atención (personal de salud). Las perspectivas de análisis son: la estructura, el proceso y los resultados de la atención médica. Quizá lo novedoso del estudio sea la democratización de la propuesta, es decir, la libertad de expresión de los tres actores básicos de la atención médica y el cuestionamiento de elementos como la satisfacción individual, social, profesional y el clima laboral, que finalmente conducen a la humanización del trabajo y, por consecuencia, a la calidad.This study aims to develop methodological tools to assess and guarantee quality of medical care by investigating satisfaction of expectations by objects of care (patients), medical institutions (directors), and direct providers of care (health personnel). The perspectives of this analysis included the structure, process, and outcomes of medical care. Perhaps the novelty of the research is its democratic approach, i.e., the three main protagonists' freedom of expression regarding medical care and the questioning of such aspects as individual, social, and professional satisfaction and the work environment, ultimately leading to the humanization of the work and thus to quality of care.

The purpose was to identify risk factors associated to deficit on linear growth in children from a semi-rural population in Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico. In a cross sectional study 432 children, 12 to 120 months old were included. Social, demographic, economical, dietetic and pathological characteristics and deficit in the height/age index (- 1 and - 2 z score) were considered. A chi square test and Odds Ratio (CI 95%) to identify the risk and protection factors were also obtained. Risk factors for height/age deficit were:3 children in the family [OR 1.71 (1.01, 2.87)], soft drinks consumption4 times a week [OR 2.36 (1.19-4.73)], family's monthly income200 USA dollars [OR 3.5 (1.28, 9.76)] and per capita food expenses10% of a minimum salary (100 USA dollars a month) [OR 1.81 (1.06, 3.09)]; age24 months [OR 2.02 (1.09, 3.75)], adding sweeteners to the bottle [OR 8.56 (1.84, 54.9)], diet modification during diarrhea [OR 2.40 (1.02, 5.77)], milk intake4 times a week [OR 2.71 (1.55, 4.73)] and nearly significant, bean consumption [1.75 (0.98, 3.13). Protection factors: nuclear family [OR 0.28 (0.09, 0.85)] and an adequate infant formula dilution [OR 0.71 (0.60, 0.85)]. In multivariate models associated factors to deficit of height were higher consumption of soft drinks, beans and the addition of sweeteners to the bottle. In addition to socioeconomic variables, lower consumption of high quality food and proteins and higher intake of legumes were important risk factors for mild and moderate deficit height/age.

With the purpose to identify the risk factors of growth retardation in children of a semi-rural County of Arandas, Jalisco, we included in a cross sectional study 432 children 12 to 120 months iden...

To estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency, iodine deficiency and parasitosis in children attending the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Highlands Institute for Development of Jalisco State, INADEJ), Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico.A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1997 and 1999, among 432 children aged 12 to 120 months attending the INADEJ. Measurements included hematological values, urine iodine concentration, and presence of parasites. Student's t test chi square tests were used for parametric and nonparametric analysis.The prevalence figures of anemia (20 vs 7.4%, p = 0.007) and iron deficiency (60.9 vs 44.4%, p = 0.02) were higher in preschool than in school children. Iodine deficiency was found in 29% (10.5% moderate or severe) and parasitosis in 47.2% of children, mainly E. histolytica (30.2%) and G. lamblia (28.9%). Low income, male gender and lack of social security policy holding were associated to parasitosis.The high prevalence rates of iron deficiency, iodine deficiency, and parasitosis, should be addressed by state health services with effective interventions to restrain these preventable diseases. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

To assess the nutritional status of children attending the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Highlands Institute for Development of Jalisco State, Inadej) in Arandas, Jalisco and to discuss the classification criteria of infant malnutrition in Mexico.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 775 children aged between twelve and one hundred and twenty months, who attended Inadej, including 432 children recently registered in INADEJ. Measurements included weight/age, height/age, and weight/height indices. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared using the WHO's criteria and the Mexican Official Norm Classification (NOM-SSA) criteria. The weight/age, height/age and weight/height indices were compared using the chi-squared test.Parents' schooling level was low (mean = 3.6 years); the mean family income was U.S. $198.00 dollars per month, with each family member receiving 0.56 dollars per day for three daily meals. The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher with any of the three indices when using the NOM-SSA criteria, as compared to the WHO criteria (weight/age 91.7 vs. 30.9%; height/age 66.9 vs 17.3%; and weight/height 62.5 vs. 9.5%, respectively).The weight/age index and the NOM-SSA criteria overestimate the prevalence of malnutrition and are not able to tell apart children with familial small size, nor those with acute and/or chronic or past malnutrition. The WHO criteria were found to be more useful; the weight/height (recent malnutrition) and height/age (chronic malnutrition) indices should be used for international comparisons. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Vasquez-Garibay EM, Romero-Velarde E, Napoles-Rodriguez F, Nuno-Cosio ME, Trujillo-Contreras F, Sanchez-Mercado O. Prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro y yodo, y parasitosis en ninos de Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2002;44:195-200. El texto completo en ingles de este articulo esta disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html Abstract Objective. To estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency, iodine deficiency and parasitosis in children attending the Instituto Alteno para el Desarrollo de Jalisco ((Highlands Institute for Development of Jalisco State, INADEJ), Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1997 and 1999, among 432 children aged 12 to 120 months attending the INADEJ. Measurements included hematological values, urine iodine concentration, and presence of parasites. Student's t test chi square tests were used for parametric and non- parametric analysis. Results. The prevalence figures of anemia (20 vs 7.4%, p=0.007) and iron deficiency (60.9 vs 44.4%, p=0.02) were higher in preschool than in school children. Iodine deficiency was found in 29% (10.5% moderate or severe) and parasitosis in 47.2% of children, mainly E. histolytica (30.2%) and G. lamblia (28.9%). Low income, male gender and lack of social security policy holding were associated to parasitosis. Conclusions. The high

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar instrumentos metodológicos que permitan evaluar y garantizar la calidad de los servicios médicos que se otorgan, mediante la exploración de la satisfacción de las expectativas del sujeto de la atención (pacientes), de la institución que presta los servicios (directivos), y del prestador directo de la atención (personal de salud). Las perspectivas de análisis son: la estructura, el proceso y los resultados de la atención médica. Quizá lo novedoso del estudio sea la democratización de la propuesta, es decir, la libertad de expresión de los tres actores básicos de la atención médica y el cuestionamiento de elementos como la satisfacción individual, social, profesional y el clima laboral, que finalmente conducen a la humanización del trabajo y, por consecuencia, a la calidad.