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There is an urgent need for influenza vaccines providing broader protection that may decrease the need for annual immunization. We investigated the efficacy of heterologous prime boost immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdOx2) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectored vaccines, expressing conserved influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein 1 (M1) and neuraminidase (NA) in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs. We compared the efficacy of intra-nasal, aerosol and intra-muscular vaccine delivery against H3N2 influenza challenge. Aerosol prime boost immunization induced strong local lung T cell and antibody responses and abrogated viral shedding and lung pathology following H3N2 challenge. In contrast, intramuscular immunization induced powerful systemic responses and weak local lung responses but also abolished lung pathology and reduced viral shedding. These results provide valuable insights into the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine in a highly relevant large animal model and will inform future vaccine and clinical trial design.

Traditionally, simple and complex linear models were used to analyze accidents and find their causes. The Resilience Engineering breaks with the traditional way of understanding safety focused on things that go wrong. In this way, the concept of safety is redefined to focus on things that go well. The new paradigm of Resilience Engineering emphasizes that when things go well in difficult circumstances, it is mainly due to the ability of workers to adapt, that is, their ability to recognize and absorb unexpected changes and events. In this new context, Functional Resonance Analysis Method enables to model how a system works and to understand the variability in daily performance. The objective of this research study is to present the main approaches that combine other methods with FRAM with the aim of improving it, as for example: Monte Carlo simulation, Fuzzy Logic theory, Model Checking, Analytical Hierarchical Process methodologies and Abstraction Hierarchy. Notice that the present study develops a non-exhaustive review of the methods that appears most frequently in the scientific Literature. The search process has been carried out in the main scientific databases such as Web of Knowledge, Science Direct or Google Scholar since they are identified as relevant to the research domain. In order to obtain adequate results concerning the objective of this work, we consider “Functional Resonance Analysis Method” as terms to perform the search in the title, abstract and keyword fields. After the data collection process, a total of 22 documents were obtained. Subsequently, all the retrieved documents were filtered by selecting those publications that had the purpose of combining the FRAM with another method to define the function variability in a semi-quantitative or quantitative manner. Then, after this filtering process, 18 studies were analysed and presented from diverse perspectives. Firstly, an analysis was conducted to explore the evolution of this research domain over time. As a result of this analysis, a growing trend in the publication of research is observed, both journal documents and conference documents. Secondly, an analysis concerning the sector where the study is focused is detailed since all the analyzed studies included an application example of their proposal. In this sense, the aviation sector was the one that appeared most frequently, followed by the maritime sector. Thirdly, the distribution of analysed studies on the basis of the country of authors has been presented, being Italy and China the reference countries in this research domain. Following, an analysis in relation to the journals where the documents are published is conducted. Finally, the proposals were grouped according to the different approaches that were combined with FRAM. As a general conclusion, the analysis of the new FRAM approaches shows that all the authors coincide in preserving the theoretical basis of FRAM for modeling complex systems. Despite this, there is still no approach that prevails over others and future research should continue to advance the evolution the Functional Resonance Analysis Method with the aim to facilitate the risk assessments in complex systems. Keywords : Functional Resonance Analysis Method; Resilience Engineering, Complex systems; Risk assessment; Safety.

With this article we would like to clarify the often-disregarded fact by virtue of which the European Missionaries in Asia acted as catalysts of a kind of nuanced acculturation named Accommodatio (adaptation). To a great extent they became harbingers of Culture and Science more than Faith itself to the dismay of many, including the Roman Church. Such cultural and scientific transference was actually two-pronged, for simultaneously they presented in Europe unique findings related to Language, e.g. the Chinese Characters (considered to be the sole natural language), Geography, Cosmology and even Governance. We would try to prove that such procedure contributed positively to the modern scientific notions of sustainability and to provide the kind of accoutrements that model the modern world as we know it.

SARS-CoV-2 remains a global threat to human health particularly as escape mutants emerge. There is an unmet need for effective treatments against COVID-19 for which neutralizing single domain antibodies (nanobodies) have significant potential. Their small size and stability mean that nanobodies are compatible with respiratory administration. We report four nanobodies (C5, H3, C1, F2) engineered as homotrimers with pmolar affinity for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Crystal structures show C5 and H3 overlap the ACE2 epitope, whilst C1 and F2 bind to a different epitope. Cryo Electron Microscopy shows C5 binding results in an all down arrangement of the Spike protein. C1, H3 and C5 all neutralize the Victoria strain, and the highly transmissible Alpha (B.1.1.7 first identified in Kent, UK) strain and C1 also neutralizes the Beta (B.1.35, first identified in South Africa). Administration of C5-trimer via the respiratory route showed potent therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian hamster model of COVID-19 and separately effective prophylaxis. The molecule was similarly potent by intraperitoneal injection.

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently required. Here we report detailed immune profiling after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) and subsequent challenge in two animal models of SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease. We demonstrate in rhesus macaques the lung pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 mediated pneumonia is reduced by prior vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 which induced neutralising antibody responses after a single intramuscular administration. In a second animal model, ferrets, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 reduced both virus shedding and lung pathology. Antibody titers were boosted by a second dose. Data from these challenge models and the detailed immune profiling, support the continued clinical evaluation of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

Safety management in the construction sector continues to be of great concern due to the high accident rate. Enormous legislative efforts have been made to minimize this problem. In Europe, the Directive 92/57/EEC, which establishes a mandatory safety and health requirements, defines the Safety and Health Plan. This paper contains a methodology for automatically extracting structured relevant information from this textual document. Such plans are crucial to provide safety in this sector. However, current documents are often enlarged with nonessential information, while the most relevant information is missing or difficult to locate. The information extracted by our methodology makes it easier for Safety and Health Plans to be validated and approved at an early stage, as well as facilitating their later use and updating. The main steps of this methodology are: i) the definition of the relevant content to be extracted as seven items, in collaboration with experts in the area; ii) text preprocessing and enrichment using existing software resources for the natural language employed; and iii) automated content analysis for extracting information, on the basis of a collection of previously established rules for identifying the content defined in the first step. The output is a detailed and structured report containing the percentage of relevant information identified, as well as the desired items of information. To illustrate and validate our methodology, we have implemented and applied it to 50 real Safety and Health Plans. As a result, our system was able to identify most of the required information for five of the seven items in all of these plans. In addition, we have been able to detect the problems in the textual plan that caused the missing information in the other two items, which will be corrected in future developments.

This article clarifies the often overlooked facts attributed to European missionaries in Asia, especially Jesuits, who acted as catalysts of a kind of nuanced acculturation named Accommodatio (adaptation). To a great extent, they became harbingers of culture and science more than faith itself to the dismay of many, including the Roman Church. Such cultural and scientific transference was actually two-pronged, for simultaneously they presented in Europe unique findings related to language, e.g., the Chinese characters (considered to be the sole natural language), geography, cosmology and even governance. Here we try to prove that such procedure contributed positively to the modern scientific notions of sustainability and to provide the kind of accoutrements that model the modern world as we know it. However, in the process, many Jesuits clearly became sinified and eventually acculturated, Inmaculada Rodriguez Cunill desires to honor the artists Eva Guil Walls and Maro Infante. She would like to thank Yulu Yang for her accurate renditions. Miguel Gutierrez Villarrubia would like to honor the rhapsode Jon Anderson. Francisco Salguero Andujar appreciates the kindness and help of Juhyung Lee and all the personnel at Seokguram. Joseph Cabeza Lainez dedicates this article to Francisca Lainez Robles

Occupational health and safety legislation is an essential part of the process to manage organisations and companies. However, there are criticisms that the regulation of occupational health and safety could be restricting the impulses of innovation and industrial development. This has led to proposals to repeal regulations to reduce the regulatory burden when possible. This work aims to delve into the difficulties that organisations encounter in their attempts to comply with occupational health and safety legislation and manage the process effectively. A systematic review was conducted of published studies that have analysed the relationship between occupational health and safety (OHS) management and compliance with legislation, regulations and rules. The search for relevant publications mainly used international bibliographic databases and scientific search engines. Quotes from other authors were also examined. This review provides knowledge on how compliance and non-compliance with legislation influences daily health and safety management in companies. The review highlights and discusses both successful regulatory strategies and the main difficulties, weaknesses, limitations and challenges companies face when adopting and complying with these regulations. This study concludes that management of legal compliance in companies, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises has become a complicated task. Management of occupational health and safety systems should not only be based on prescriptive principles and the detection of non-compliance, but also on proactive principles including an examination of how legal compliance affects daily performance.

Lighting in heritage is complex because of the forms intervening in it. The historical evolution of cultures has not been analytical and therefore, the shapes involved differ greatly from the cuboids typically found in 21st century architecture. As a vector, light inevitably attaches to surface sources. In this research, we focused on 3D curved geometries. Following a different trail to radiative transfer by virtue of detailed knowledge of the spatiality of volumes, we present new expressions, previously undefined in the literature, that are derived from a combination of surfaces that we have found in many archaeological sites around Asia. In the discussion, we start from the particularities of spherical surfaces where a normal vector has to pass through the center. By means of easy calculations, we deducted innovative laws. These in turn, allowed us to formulate several new expressions for configuration factors based on the adroit use of spherical fragments. The method easily extends to organic shapes that are often contained in the sustainable architecture of the past. The method finishes with suitable algorithms to assess the reflections in such curved forms. Finally, we implemented the results in our creative software. In this way, we enhanced the sustainable paradigms for heritage structures in Asia that we present as a conclusion of the article.

Lighting in heritage is complex because of the forms intervening in it. The historical evolution of cultures has not been analytical and therefore, the shapes involved differ greatly from the cuboids typically found in 21st century architecture. As a vector, light inevitably attaches to surface sources. In this research, we focused on 3D curved geometries. Following a different trail to radiative transfer by virtue of detailed knowledge of the spatiality of volumes, we present new expressions, previously undefined in the literature, that are derived from a combination of surfaces that we have found in many archaeological sites around Asia. In the discussion, we start from the particularities of spherical surfaces where a normal vector has to pass through the center. By means of easy calculations, we deducted innovative laws. These in turn, allowed us to formulate several new expressions for configuration factors based on the adroit use of spherical fragments. The method easily extends to organic shapes that are often contained in the sustainable architecture of the past. The method finishes with suitable algorithms to assess the reflections in such curved forms. Finally, we implemented the results in our creative software. In this way, we enhanced the sustainable paradigms for heritage structures in Asia that we present as a conclusion of the article.

The railway industry is exposed to high levels of risk, work under pressure and a large margin to the unpredictable when remodelling works are carried out. The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate the railway activity, specifically those that uses catenary technology, from an ergonomic point of view during the excavation, concreting and pole raising phases. In order to do this, a workplace during the catenary assembly procedure was analysed using the OWAS method. The application of this method to the mentioned procedure showed that the most outstanding ergonomic risks are those related to load handling, repetitive movements, application of force. In addition, this procedure involves important forced and continuous posture of trunk flexion. These results indicated that with feasible ergonomic changes, the design of the equipment or the tasks and/or its planning, they could considerably improve the working conditions. Therefore, musculoskeletal disorders could reduce by implementing measures from the early engineering phase.

The investigation of accidents is an occupational safety analytical tool aimed at discovering the causes of an accident. Conducting these investigations properly is essential to obtain useful information that helps avoid these accidents in the future. To prepare this study we analysed 567 investigations, conducted by OHS technical advisors, on occupational accidents occurring in Spain from 2009 to 2012 in industries such as construction, manufacturing, agriculture and services, in order to obtain information to improve the use of this technique. In this study we analysed how accident investigation reports are made identifying main flaws and omissions. Accident investigations lack details as they often do not consider the variables in the ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work) Project. Likewise, they lack depth in determining the causes associated to active faults, preferably to latent faults, and to the company management and organisation systems. Similarly, they do not comply with the standards recommended by experts. Finally, in the conclusions we recommend two priorities: having a harmonised European model to conduct occupational accident investigations, as well as being able to access databases that collect accident investigation reports of this kind.