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Introdução: A pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 destacou o trabalho dos fisioterapeutas, sobretudo em relação à assistência aos pacientes acometidos pela Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave, também conhecida como Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objetivo: O presente estudo visou destacar a importância do trabalho dos fisioterapeutas no cuidado aos pacientes com COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que utilizou as bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e do Medline/Pubmed e seguintes descritores: COVID-19 and Respiratory Syndrome and Physical therapy. Os critérios de inclusão foram os estudos publicados de dezembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e francês, disponíveis online, na íntegra e com abordagem plena do conteúdo. Resultados: Foram encontrados 160 artigos, dos quais 32 foram selecionados a partir dos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Os estudos relataram melhora clínica e funcional a partir das intervenções fisioterapêuticas aplicadas aos pacientes, sendo as medidas com maior impacto positivo na mobilização precoce, aspirações de secreções, monitoramento da ventilação mecânica e reabilitação. É de suma importância o fisioterapeuta estar inserido na equipe multidisciplinar que compõe o ambiente hospitalar.

Dermatomycoses are infections caused by fungi and yeasts and the drug treatment is considered expensive and extensive. Researchers are synthesizing new organic compounds in order to obtain more effective molecules that provide reduced adverse effects. Our research group has synthesized and evaluated the biological activities of aminoalcohol and diamine derivatives, which were considered active against human pathogenic fungi. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of aminoalcohols and diamine derivatives against fungi and yeasts that cause dermatomycoses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of aminoalcohol (1–4) and diamine (5–13) derivatives was determined against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Candida albicans according to protocols from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All molecules exhibited fungicidal activity against the evaluated fungal strains, with the MIC and MFC ranging between 0.12 and 1000 μg/mL for filamentous fungi and 0.6 and 1250 μg/mL for yeasts. The best activity was attributed to diamines compared to aminoalcohols, with an emphasis on molecules 6 and 7. These results demonstrate the antifungal potential of the evaluated aminoalcohols and diamines against the four primary fungal species that cause dermatomycoses.

Background:Microbial resistance has become a worldwide public health problem, and may lead to morbidity and mortality in affected patients.Objective:Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of quinone-4-oxoquinoline derivatives.Method:These derivatives were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by their antibacterial activity, anti-biofilm, and hemolytic activities and by in silico assays.Results:The quinone-4-oxoquinoline derivatives presented broad-spectrum antibacterial activities, and in some cases were more active than commercially available reference drugs. These compounds also inhibited bacterial adhesion and the assays revealed seven non-hemolytic derivatives. The derivatives seem to cause damage to the bacterial cell membrane and those containing the carboxyl group at the C-3 position of the 4-quinolonic nucleus were more active than those containing a carboxyethyl group.Conclusion:The isoquinoline-5,8-dione nucleus also favored antimicrobial activity. The study showed that the target of the derivatives must be a non-conventional hydrophobic allosteric binding pocket on the DNA gyrase enzyme.

Plant species are sources of active compounds that can fight and/or prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species, which enables the development of natural products that can help to prevent premature aging caused by exposure to solar radiation. This study assessed the antioxidant and photoprotective activities of six dried extracts of plants from the Brazilian Amazon biome. Plant extracts were prepared in 70% (v/v) ethanol by dynamic maceration for 72h in the dark, and then filtered, concentrated and lyophilized. The extracts were subjected to a phytochemical screening. The antioxidant activity was measured using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the photoprotection assay was performed using the diffuse transmittance technique. The data obtained from the antioxidant activity assay was evaluated by Student's t-test for independent samples, with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences v.14.0 for Windows software. The flavonoids represent a special metabolites class present in all analyzed extracts. The antioxidant activity (μgmL(-1)) decreased in the following order: Aniba canelilla (1.80±0.16), Brosimum acutifolium (2.84±0.38), Dalbergia monetaria (5.46±0.17) or Caesalpinia pyramidalis (6.45±1.18), Arrabidaea chica (15.35±0.86), and Aspidosperma nitidum (99.14±2.3). Only D. monetaria showed a considerable sun protection factor allowing for labeling (6.0±0.3). The D. monetaria extract was considered the most promising sample because it had optimal antioxidant and photoprotective activities against solar radiation, considering the limit established by regulatory agencies. These extracts with antioxidant potential can be used in photoprotective formulations, providing synergistic photoprotective effect or elevating the adeed value of the product. Additionally, these formulations are attractive to a population who searchs for products made with natural ingredients.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail caused by high densities of filamentous fungi and yeasts. Treatment for this illness is long-term, and recurrences are frequently detected. This study evaluated in vitro antifungal activities of 12 organic compounds derived from amino alcohols against standard fungal strains, such as Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507 URM 1666, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antifungal compounds were synthesized from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4a-4f) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (9a-9f). Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols M38-A2, M27-A3, and M27-S4. The amine series 4b-4e, mainly 4c and 4e compounds, were effective against filamentous fungi and yeast (MIC from 7.8 to 312 µg/mL). On the other hand, the amide series (9a-9f) did not present inhibitory effect against fungi, except amide 9c, which demonstrated activity only against C. albicans. This allowed us to infer that the presence of amine group and intermediate carbon number (8C-11C) in its aliphatic side chain seems to be important for antifungal activity. Although these compounds present cytotoxic activity on macrophages J774, our results suggest that these aromatic compounds might constitute potential as leader molecules in the development of more effective and less toxic analogs that could have considerable implications for future therapies of onychomycosis.

INTRODUÇÃO: A partir do surgimento da terapia antirretroviral, o paciente soropositivo teve sua sobrevida aumentada. A não adesão a essa terapia está relacionada diretamente à falência terapêutica, a qual propicia o aparecimento de cepas virais mais resistentes. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo dos registros de dispensação de antirretrovirais de 229 pacientes do Centro de Atenção à Saúde do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Tal estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a adesão do paciente ao tratamento e se houve associação entre a não adesão e a terapêutica. Desses pacientes, 63,8% eram do sexo masculino e apresentavam idade média de 44,0 ± 9,9 anos. Foram realizados 28 esquemas terapêuticos diferentes. Dentre esses, os mais utilizados foram aqueles que combinavam 2 inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeos/nucleotídeos com 1 inibidor da transcriptase reversa não análogo de nucleosídeo (55,5%) ou com 2 inibidores de protease (28,8%). Foi verificado que os pacientes em uso de lopinavir/ritonavir ou atazanavir associados à zidovudina e lamivudina apresentaram maiores frequências de tratamento considerado inadequado (85% e 83,3%, respectivamente). Além disso, quando a combinação zidovudina/lamivudina esteve presente no esquema medicamentoso, os pacientes aderiram menos ao tratamento (χ2 = 4,468; grau de liberdade = 1; p = 0,035). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes realizava tratamento considerado inadequado. Portanto, é necessário implementar estratégias que conduzam à melhoria da adesão ao tratamento, a fim de garantir eficácia terapêutica e aumento da sobrevida do paciente. INTRODUCTION: Since the emergence of antiretroviral therapy, the survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus has increased. Non-adherence to this therapy is directly related to treatment failure, which allows the emergence of resistant viral strains. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of the antiretroviral dispensing records of 229 patients from the Center for Health Care, University Hospital, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, was conducted between January and December 2009. RESULTS: The study aimed to evaluate patient compliance and determine if there was an association between non-adherence and the therapy. Among these patients, 63.8% were men with an average age of 44.0 ± 9.9 years. The most used treatment was a combination of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (55.5%) or with 2 protease inhibitors (28.8%). It was found that patients taking lopinavir/ritonavir with zidovudine and lamivudine had a greater frequency of inadequate treatment than those taking atazanavir with zidovudine and lamivudine (85% and 83.3%, respectively). Moreover, when the combination of zidovudine/ lamivudine was used, the patients were less compliant (χ2 = 4.468, 1 degree of freedom, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients failed to correctly adhere to their treatment; therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies that lead to improved compliance, thus ensuring therapeutic efficacy and increased patient survival.