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27 results on '"Frank J. Pavia"'

1. Biomass burning is a source of modern black carbon to equatorial Atlantic Ocean sediments

Author

Samuel D. Katz, Roger Patrick Kelly, Rebecca S. Robinson, Frank J. Pavia, Robert Pockalny, and Rainer Lohmann

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Black carbon is a refractory form of organic carbon formed from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Riverine transport is considered the dominant pathway of black carbon to the coastal oceans. However, the provenance and pathways of black carbon to the open ocean remain unknown. Here we use both stable and radiogenic isotopes of carbon to show that sedimentary black carbon across the equatorial Atlantic Ocean is aeolian and primarily derived from biomass burning of C4-plants. Fluxes of surface sedimentary black carbon measured along an equatorial Atlantic Ocean transect using chemothermal oxidation at 375 °C were relatively consistent across the Atlantic, ranging from 0.10–0.35 mg cm−2 kyr−1. Carbon isotope values near Africa suggest the black carbon was mostly young and derived from C4 plants, whereas offshore South America, the black carbon was older and dominated by C3 plants. The black carbon radiocarbon values were similar to the reservoir corrected total organic carbon near Africa, implying little pre-aging on land and increased westwards. These findings highlight the influence of C4-biomass burning in the tropical Atlantic and the importance of aeolian deposition as a black carbon source within the global carbon cycle.

Published
2024
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2. Heavy Noble Gas Isotopes as New Constraints on the Ventilation of the Deep Ocean

Author

Alan M. Seltzer, Frank J. Pavia, Jessica Ng, and Jeffrey P. Severinghaus

Subjects
noble gases, gas exchange, isotopic fractionation, dissolved gases, deep‐water formation, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Abstract Past studies of noble gas concentrations in the deep ocean have revealed widespread, several percent undersaturation of Ar, Kr, and Xe. However, the physical explanation for these disequilibria remains unclear. To gain insight into undersaturation set by deep‐water formation, we measured heavy noble gas isotope and elemental ratios from the deep North Pacific using a new analytical technique. To our knowledge, these are the first high‐precision seawater profiles of 38Ar/36Ar and Kr and Xe isotope ratios. To interpret isotopic disequilibria, we carried out a suite of laboratory experiments to measure solubility fractionation factors in seawater. In the deep North Pacific, we find undersaturation of heavy‐to‐light Ar and Kr isotope ratios, suggesting an important role for rapid cooling‐driven, diffusive air‐to‐sea gas transport in setting the deep‐ocean undersaturation of heavy noble gases. These isotope ratios represent promising new constraints for quantifying physical air‐sea gas exchange processes, complementing noble gas concentration measurements.

Published
2019
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4. Geometry of the Meridional Overturning Circulation at the Last Glacial Maximum

Author

Frank J. Pavia, C. Spencer Jones, and Sophia K. Hines

Subjects
Atmospheric Science
Abstract

Understanding the contribution of ocean circulation to glacial–interglacial climate change is a major focus of paleoceanography. Specifically, many have tried to determine whether the volumes and depths of Antarctic- and North Atlantic–sourced waters in the deep ocean changed at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼22–18 kyr BP) when atmospheric pCO2 concentrations were 100 ppm lower than the preindustrial. Measurements of sedimentary geochemical proxies are the primary way that these deep ocean structural changes have been reconstructed. However, the main proxies used to reconstruct LGM Atlantic water mass geometry provide conflicting results as to whether North Atlantic–sourced waters shoaled during the LGM. Despite this, a number of idealized modeling studies have been advanced to describe the physical processes resulting in shoaled North Atlantic waters. This paper aims to critically assess the approaches used to determine LGM Atlantic circulation geometry and lay out best practices for future work. We first compile existing proxy data and paleoclimate model output to deduce the processes responsible for setting the ocean distributions of geochemical proxies in the LGM Atlantic Ocean. We highlight how small-scale mixing processes in the ocean interior can decouple tracer distributions from the large-scale circulation, complicating the straightforward interpretation of geochemical tracers as proxies for water mass structure. Finally, we outline promising paths toward ascertaining the LGM circulation structure more clearly and deeply.

Published
2022
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5. Changing chemistry of particulate manganese in the near- and far-field hydrothermal plumes from 15°S East Pacific Rise and its influence on metal scavenging

Author

Sebastian M. Vivancos, Frank J. Pavia, Jong-Mi Lee, Robert F. Anderson, Yanbin Lu, Phoebe J. Lam, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Yang Xiang, Pu Zhang, and Samuel M. Webb

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Geotraces, Analytical chemistry, Fluorescence spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, humanities, XANES, Hydrothermal circulation, Plume, Metal, Geochemistry and Petrology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Scavenging, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Dissolved Mn(II) in the hydrothermal plume is known to be microbially oxidized to form Mn(III/IV) oxides, and the Mn oxides scavenge other trace elements in seawater. In the GEOTRACES GP16 cruise, dissolved Mn (dMn) and particulate Mn (pMn) were found to be transported over 4000 km westwards from the Southern Eastern Pacific Rise. Previous studies in this plume showed different removal rates of dMn and pMn as well as pMn size distribution between the near-field (80 km) plumes. In order to understand Mn cycling in these plumes, spatial distribution, oxidation states, and mineral structures of Mn in small size fraction (SSF; 0.8–51 μm) and large size fraction (LSF; >51 μm) particles from the near-field and far-field plumes were examined using micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF), X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), chemical species mapping, and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). In the near-field plume, pMn in the SSF is dominated by oxidized Mn with Mn(III) fractions of ∼30%. They are a mixture of δ-MnO₂ and triclinic birnessites that is known to be formed as a result of autocatalytic Mn(II) oxidation at the surface of freshly-formed δ-MnO₂, suggesting that both microbial and autocatalytic Mn oxidation occur in the near-field plume. The LSF pMn in the near-field plume is also oxidized and often found in large aggregates several hundreds of μm in size. These aggregates settle out in the near-field and during transport, and are not found in the far-field plume. In the far-field plume where Mn oxides are not newly formed, pMn in the SSF is oxidized, but their Mn(III) fractions are smaller than in the near-field pMn. Unlike the SSF, the far-field plume LSF pMn is dominated by reduced Mn, implying very slow aggregation of pMn in the far-field plume. The different characteristics of pMn between the near-field and far-field plumes affect its scavenging of other trace elements. In the near-field plume, Co, Mo, ²³¹Pa are associated with pMn, but not in the far-field plume. ²³¹Pa is adsorbed to pFe rather than pMn in the far-field plume, and Pb is adsorbed to pFe in the entire plume. The result shows that freshly-formed Mn oxides in the near-field plume have higher scavenging capacity than the far-field plume pMn. Our findings suggest that the mineralogical age of Mn oxides may be an important parameter that controls the scavenging of many other trace elements and isotopes.

Published
2021
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6. Dissolved and Particulate Barium Distributions Along the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic and East Pacific Zonal Transects (GA03 and GP16): Global Implications for the Marine Barium Cycle

Author

Shaily Rahman, Alan M. Shiller, Robert F. Anderson, Matthew A. Charette, Christopher T. Hayes, Melissa Gilbert, Karen R. Grissom, Phoebe J. Lam, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Frank J. Pavia, Benjamin S. Twining, and Sebastian M. Vivancos

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Processes controlling dissolved barium (dBa) were investigated along the GEOTRACES GA03 North Atlantic and GP16 Eastern Tropical Pacific transects, which traversed similar physical and biogeochemical provinces. Dissolved Ba concentrations are lowest in surface waters (∼35–50 nmol kg⁻¹) and increase to 70–80 and 140–150 nmol kg⁻¹ in deep waters of the Atlantic and Pacific transects, respectively. Using water mass mixing models, we estimate conservative mixing that accounts for most of dBa variability in both transects. To examine nonconservative processes, particulate excess Ba (pBa_(xs)) formation and dissolution rates were tracked by normalizing particulate excess ²³⁰Th activities. Th-normalized pBa_(xs) fluxes, with barite as the likely phase, have subsurface maxima in the top 1,000 m (∼100–200 μmol m⁻² year⁻¹ average) in both basins. Barite precipitation depletes dBa within oxygen minimum zones from concentrations predicted by water mass mixing, whereas inputs from continental margins, particle dissolution in the water column, and benthic diffusive flux raise dBa above predications. Average pBa_(xs) burial efficiencies along GA03 and GP16 are ∼37% and 17%–100%, respectively, and do not seem to be predicated on barite saturation indices in the overlying water column. Using published values, we reevaluate the global freshwater dBa river input as 6.6 ± 3.9 Gmol year⁻¹. Estuarine mixing processes may add another 3–13 Gmol year⁻¹. Dissolved Ba inputs from broad shallow continental margins, previously unaccounted for in global marine summaries, are substantial (∼17 Gmol year⁻¹), exceeding terrestrial freshwater inputs. Revising river and shelf dBa inputs may help bring the marine Ba isotope budget more into balance.

Published
2022
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7. The spatial footprint of hydrothermal scavenging on 230ThXS-derived mass accumulation rates

Author

Marcelle D'Almeida, Kassandra M Costa, Peter Huybers, Jerry F. McManus, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Gisela Winckler, Jennifer L. Middleton, Charles H. Langmuir, and Frank J. Pavia

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineralogy, Thorium, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Model resolution, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ridge, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock, Solid earth, Scavenging, Sediment transport, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Mid-ocean ridges are valuable archives of sedimentary flux records used to investigate atmospheric, oceanographic, and solid Earth responses to climate variability. Constant flux proxies, such as extraterrestrial helium-3 (3HeET) and excess thorium-230 (230ThXS), constrain vertical mass accumulation rates independent of the biases associated with lateral sediment transport and age model resolution. However, thorium scavenging by hydrothermal particles can perturb local 230ThXS deposition and complicate its application as a constant flux proxy in near-ridge environments. We characterize the footprint of hydrothermal scavenging on sedimentary 230ThXS using coupled 3HeET-230ThXS analyses in cores from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Samples deposited >10 km from the Juan de Fuca Ridge indicate reliable off-axis behavior of both constant flux proxies. In contrast, samples deposited

Published
2020
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8. Depth profiles of suspended carbon and nitrogen along a North Pacific transect: Concentrations, isotopes, and ratios

Author

Adam V. Subhas, Frank J. Pavia, Sijia Dong, Xingchen T. Wang, William M. Berelson, and Jess F. Adkins

Subjects
chemistry, Isotope, Environmental chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Transect, Carbon, Nitrogen
Abstract

We present concentrations of total particulate carbon (PC), carbonate (PIC), total particulate nitrogen (PN), δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of suspended particles along a North Pacific transect. In the upper 400 m, suspended PIC to particulate organic carbon (POC) ratios generally follow published sinking PIC/POC ratios. Below 600 m, suspended PIC/POC become significantly lower than sinking PIC/POC, likely indicating PIC dissolution within the suspended load. In three out of the five stations, suspended PN δ¹⁵N increase with depth from the euphotic zone to the thermocline, consistent with previous observations in many ocean regions (e.g.,BATS and HOT). However, in the other two stations where phytoplankton blooms were encountered, high suspended PN δ¹⁵N (up to 12‰) were observed in the euphotic zone, which was likely caused by the export of low-δ¹⁵N PN during the phytoplankton blooms. Average C_(org) : N ratio of suspended particles along the transect is 5.1 ± 0.2, with the value in the subtropical gyre (5.8 ± 0.3) slightly higher than the subarctic gyre (4.6 ± 0.2).

Published
2022

9. Trace Metal Evidence for Deglacial Ventilation of the Abyssal Pacific and Southern Oceans

Author

Jennifer L. Middleton, Frank J. Pavia, Richard W Murray, Robert F. Anderson, and Shouyi Wang

Subjects
Abyssal zone, Atmospheric Science, Oceanography, law, fungi, Ventilation (architecture), Paleontology, Environmental science, Trace metal, Pacific ocean, geographic locations, law.invention
Abstract

The deep ocean has long been recognized as the reservoir that stores the carbon dioxide (CO₂) removed from the atmosphere during Pleistocene glacial periods. The removal of glacial atmospheric CO₂ into the ocean is likely modulated by an increase in the degree of utilization of macronutrients at the sea surface and enhanced storage of respired CO₂ in the deep ocean, known as enhanced efficiency of the biological pump. Enhanced biological pump efficiency during glacial periods is most easily documented in the deep ocean using proxies for oxygen concentrations, which are directly linked to respiratory CO₂ levels. We document the enhanced storage of respired CO₂ during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Pacific Southern Ocean and deepest Equatorial Pacific using records of deglacial authigenic manganese, which form as relict peaks during increases in bottom water oxygen (BWO) concentration. These peaks are found at depths and regions where other oxygenation histories have been ambiguous, due to diagenetic alteration of authigenic uranium, another proxy for BWO. Our results require that the entirety of the abyssal Pacific below approximately 1,000 m was enriched in respired CO₂ and depleted in oxygen during the LGM. The presence of authigenic Mn enrichment in the deep Equatorial Pacific for each of the last five deglaciations suggests that the storage of respired CO₂ in the deep ocean is a ubiquitous feature of late-Pleistocene ice ages.

Published
2021
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10. Shallow particulate organic carbon regeneration in the South Pacific Ocean

Author

Martin Q Fleisher, Yanbin Lu, Robert F. Anderson, Phoebe J. Lam, Frank J. Pavia, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Hai Cheng, B. B. Cael, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Pu Zhang

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geotraces, chemistry.chemical_element, Biological pump, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Oceanography, chemistry, Total inorganic carbon, Ocean gyre, Physical Sciences, Environmental science, Carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, South Pacific Gyre
Abstract

Particulate organic carbon (POC) produced in the surface ocean sinks through the water column and is respired at depth, acting as a primary vector sequestering carbon in the abyssal ocean. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are sensitive to the length (depth) scale over which respiration converts POC back to inorganic carbon, because shallower waters exchange with the atmosphere more rapidly than deeper ones. However, estimates of this carbon regeneration length scale and its spatiotemporal variability are limited, hindering the ability to characterize its sensitivity to environmental conditions. Here, we present a zonal section of POC fluxes at high vertical and spatial resolution from the GEOTRACES GP16 transect in the eastern tropical South Pacific, based on normalization to the radiogenic thorium isotope (230)Th. We find shallower carbon regeneration length scales than previous estimates for the oligotrophic South Pacific gyre, indicating less efficient carbon transfer to the deep ocean. Carbon regeneration is strongly inhibited within suboxic waters near the Peru coast. Canonical Martin curve power laws inadequately capture POC flux profiles at suboxic stations. We instead fit these profiles using an exponential function with flux preserved at depth, finding shallow regeneration but high POC sequestration below 1,000 m. Both regeneration length scales and POC flux at depth closely track the depths at which oxygen concentrations approach zero. Our findings imply that climate warming will result in reduced ocean carbon storage due to expanding oligotrophic gyres, but opposing effects on ocean carbon storage from expanding suboxic waters will require modeling and future work to disentangle.

Published
2019
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11. Biogeochemical processes controlling the marine Ba cycle: dissolved and particulate barium distributions along the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic and South Pacific Zonal Transects (GA03 and GP16)

Author

Christopher T. Hayes, Benjamin S. Twining, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Shaily Rahman, Phoebe J. Lam, Matthew A. Charette, Karen Grissom, Melissa Gilbert, Frank J. Pavia, Alan M. Shiller, and Robert F. Anderson

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, Oceanography, chemistry, Geotraces, Environmental science, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, Particulates, Transect
Published
2021
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14. Global Ocean Sediment Composition and Burial Flux in the Deep Sea

Author

Zanna Chase, Jörg Lippold, Samuel L Jaccard, Marina D Kravchishina, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Shaily Rahman, Adina Paytan, Alessandro Tagliabue, Lise Missiaen, Allison W Jacobel, Kassandra M Costa, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Christopher R. German, Figen Mekik, Frank J. Pavia, Mariia V. Petrova, Eva María Calvo, Karen E. Kohfeld, L. L. Demina, Laura F. Robinson, Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida, Jing Zhang, Marco van Hulten, Robert F. Anderson, Christopher T. Hayes, Allyson Tessin, Rut Pedrosa-Pàmies, Alan M. Shiller, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation (US), Russian Science Foundation, European Commission, Australian Research Council, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, mercury, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flux, barium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, opal, marine atlas, carbon cycle, Paleoclimatology, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 550 Earth sciences & geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ocean sediment, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, sediment burial, Data availability, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Geology
Abstract

25 pages, 11 figures, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006769.-- Data Availability Statement: The new and compiled data reported here are available at the NOAA Paleoclimatology database (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/30512), Quantitative knowledge about the burial of sedimentary components at the seafloor has wide‐ranging implications in ocean science, from global climate to continental weathering. The use of 230Th‐normalized fluxes reduces uncertainties that many prior studies faced by accounting for the effects of sediment redistribution by bottom currents and minimizing the impact of age model uncertainty. Here we employ a recently compiled global data set of 230Th‐normalized fluxes with an updated database of seafloor surface sediment composition to derive atlases of the deep‐sea burial flux of calcium carbonate, biogenic opal, total organic carbon (TOC), nonbiogenic material, iron, mercury, and excess barium (Baxs). The spatial patterns of major component burial are mainly consistent with prior work, but the new quantitative estimates allow evaluations of deep‐sea budgets. Our integrated deep‐sea burial fluxes are 136 Tg C/yr CaCO3, 153 Tg Si/yr opal, 20Tg C/yr TOC, 220 Mg Hg/yr, and 2.6 Tg Baxs/yr. This opal flux is roughly a factor of 2 increase over previous estimates, with important implications for the global Si cycle. Sedimentary Fe fluxes reflect a mixture of sources including lithogenic material, hydrothermal inputs and authigenic phases. The fluxes of some commonly used paleo‐productivity proxies (TOC, biogenic opal, and Baxs) are not well‐correlated geographically with satellite‐based productivity estimates. Our new compilation of sedimentary fluxes provides detailed regional and global information, which will help refine the understanding of sediment preservation, This study was supported by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project, which in turn received support from the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the US‐NSF. The work grew out of a 2018 workshop in Aix‐Marseille, France, funded by PAGES, GEOTRACES, SCOR, US‐NSF, Aix Marseille Université, and John Cantle Scientific, and the authors would like to acknowledge all attendees of this meeting. [...]. Christopher T. Hayes acknowledges support from US‐NSF awards 1658445 and 1737023. Some data compilation on Arctic shelf seas was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 20‐17‐00157. This work was also supported through project CRESCENDO (grant no. 641816, European Commission). Zanna Chase acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects funding scheme (project DP180102357). Christopher R. German acknowledges US‐NSF awards 1235248 and 1234827, With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)

Published
2021
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16. Isopycnal Transport and Scavenging of 230 Th and 231 Pa in the Pacific Southern Ocean

Author

Paulina Pinedo-Gonzalez, Martin Q. Fleisher, Rebecca S. Robinson, Frank J. Pavia, Mark A. Brzezinski, and Robert F. Anderson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Isopycnal, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotope, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geotraces, Biogeochemistry, Zonal and meridional, Forcing (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Environmental Chemistry, Transect, Scavenging, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The Southern Ocean hosts complex connections between ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. Changes in these connections are hypothesized to be responsible for significant alterations of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon storage both on glacial‐interglacial timescales, and in the future due to anthropogenic forcing. Isotopes of thorium (²³⁰Th, ²³²Th) and protactinium (²³¹Pa) have been widely applied as tools to study paleoceanographic conditions in the Southern Ocean. However, understanding of the chemical behavior of these isotopes in the modern Southern Ocean has been limited by a paucity of high‐resolution observations. In this study, we present measurements of dissolved ²³⁰Th, ²³¹Pa, and ²³²Th on a meridional transect along 170°W from 67°S to 54°S in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, with high vertical and meridional sampling resolution. We find Th/Pa fractionation factors below 1, highlighting the preferential removal of Pa relative to Th in a region with low lithogenic inputs where the particle flux is dominated by biogenic opal. We also find steep gradients in all three of these isotopes along neutral density surfaces from north to south, demonstrating the importance of isopycnal mixing in transporting these nuclides to the Southern Ocean. Our results suggest that ²³¹Pa and ²³⁰Th in the Southern Ocean are highly sensitive tracers of physical transport that may find use in studies of Southern Ocean biogeochemical‐physical connections in past, present, and future.

Published
2020
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17. Atmospheric Dust Inputs, Iron Cycling, and Biogeochemical Connections in the South Pacific Ocean From Thorium Isotopes

Author

Martin Q. Fleisher, Robert F. Anderson, Frank J. Pavia, and Gisela Winckler

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geotraces, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, respiratory tract diseases, Deposition (aerosol physics), Water column, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Seawater, Isotopes of thorium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, South Pacific Gyre
Abstract

One of the primary sources of micronutrients to the sea surface in remote ocean regions is the deposition of atmospheric dust. Geographic patterns in biogeochemical processes such as primary production and nitrogen fixation that require micronutrients like iron (Fe) are modulated in part by the spatial distribution of dust supply. Global models of dust deposition rates are poorly calibrated in the open ocean, owing to the difficulty of determining dust fluxes in sparsely sampled regions. We present new estimates of dust and Fe input rates from measurements of dissolved and particulate thorium isotopes ²³⁰Th and ²³²Th on the FS Sonne SO245 section (GEOTRACES process study GPpr09) in the South Pacific. We first discuss high‐resolution upper water column profiles of Th isotopes and the implications for the systematics of dust flux reconstructions from seawater Th measurements. We find dust fluxes in the center of the highly oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre that are the lowest of any mean annual dust input rates measured in the global oceans, but that are 1‐2 orders of magnitude higher than those estimated by global dust models. We also determine dust‐borne Fe fluxes and re‐assess the importance of individual Fe sources to the surface South Pacific Gyre, finding that dust dissolution, not vertical or lateral diffusion, is the primary Fe source. Finally, we combine our estimates of Fe flux in dust with previously‐published cellular and enzymatic quotas to determine theoretical upper limits on annual average nitrogen fixation rates for a given Fe deposition rate.

Published
2020
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18. A new method to extract

Author

Paulina, Pinedo-González, Robert F, Anderson, Sebastián M, Vivancos, Frank J, Pavia, and Martin Q, Fleisher

Subjects
Isotopes, Oceans and Seas, Seawater, Chelating Agents
Abstract

The long-lived radioisotopes of Th and Pa are unique tracers for quantifying rates of biogeochemical processes in the ocean. However, their generally low concentrations (sub-fg/kg for

Published
2020

19. Time Bomb

Author

Jason Bell and Frank J. Pavia

Subjects
Natural resource economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Economics, Climate change, Pessimism, media_common
Published
2020
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20. 230 Th Normalization: New Insights on an Essential Tool for Quantifying Sedimentary Fluxes in the Modern and Quaternary Ocean

Author

Laura F. Robinson, Paul Lerner, Allison W Jacobel, Sylvain Pichat, Kassandra M Costa, Adi Torfstein, George H. Rowland, Walter Geibert, Jörg Lippold, Alessandro Tagliabue, Samuel L Jaccard, Jean-Claude Dutay, Gideon M. Henderson, Stephanie S. Kienast, Alexandra R. Bausch, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, David McGee, Christoph Heinze, Gisela Winckler, Yuxin Zhou, Sharon S. Hoffmann, Robert F. Anderson, Figen Mekik, Christelle Not, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Frank J. Pavia, Lauren Kipp, Jerry F. McManus, Christopher T. Hayes, Franco Marcantonio, Lise Missiaen, Jennifer L. Middleton, Feifei Deng, David C Lund, Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, Nepheloid layer, Paleontology, Last Glacial Maximum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Continental margin, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Carbonate, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Quaternary, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Holocene, Geology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; 230 Th normalization is a valuable paleoceanographic tool for reconstructing high-resolution sediment fluxes during the late Pleistocene (last~500,000 years). As its application has expanded to ever more diverse marine environments, the nuances of 230 Th systematics, with regard to particle type, particle size, lateral advective/diffusive redistribution, and other processes, have emerged. We synthesized over 1000 sedimentary records of 230 Th from across the global ocean at two time slices, the late Holocene (0-5,000 years ago, or 0-5 ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (18.5-23.5 ka), and investigated the spatial structure of 230 Th-normalized mass fluxes. On a global scale, sedimentary mass fluxes were significantly higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (1.79-2.17 g/cm 2 kyr, 95% confidence) relative to the Holocene (1.48-1.68 g/cm 2 kyr, 95% confidence). We then examined the potential confounding influences of boundary scavenging, nepheloid layers, hydrothermal scavenging, size-dependent sediment fractionation, and carbonate dissolution on the efficacy of 230 Th as a constant flux proxy. Anomalous 230 Th behavior is sometimes observed proximal to hydrothermal ridges and in continental margins where high particle fluxes and steep continental slopes can lead to the combined effects of boundary scavenging and nepheloid interference. Notwithstanding these limitations, we found that 230Th normalization is a robust tool for determining sediment mass accumulation rates in the majority of pelagic marine settings (>1,000 m water depth).

Published
2020
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21. Intense hydrothermal scavenging of 230Th and 231Pa in the deep Southeast Pacific

Author

Martin Q. Fleisher, Hai Cheng, Yanbin Lu, R. Lawrence Edwards, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Pu Zhang, Phoebe J. Lam, Frank J. Pavia, and Robert F. Anderson

Subjects
Radiogenic nuclide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, Mineralogy, General Chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Hydrothermal circulation, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Trace metal, Scavenging, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract

Hydrothermal circulation and subsequent eruption of seawater at mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins has great potential to modulate deep ocean biogeochemistry, acting as both a source and a sink for many trace elements and their isotopes. The influence of hydrothermal vents as a source of iron and manganese has been demonstrated in all ocean basins. However, the long-range impact of scavenging by hydrothermal particles has yet to be documented in detail. We use dissolved and particulate measurements of long-lived radiogenic ( 230 Th, 231 Pa) and primordial ( 232 Th) radionuclides to investigate the nature and geographic scale of scavenging processes occurring within a hydrothermal plume in the Southeast Pacific Ocean sampled during the GEOTRACES GP16 section. Due to their radioactive disequilibrium with respect to production by their parent uranium isotopes, 230 Th and 231 Pa provide unique insights into the rates of scavenging. We find strong deficits in 230 Th and 231 Pa coincident with elevated particulate Mn and Fe(OH) 3 , indicating that trace metal scavenging is widespread and likely the result of the strong affinity of trace metals for nanoparticulate metal surface sites. The chemical composition of the particulate material is closely linked to the scavenging intensity of 230 Th and 231 Pa, expressed as distribution coefficients between solid and solution. A comparison of 230 Th and 231 Pa inventories with mantle-derived 3 He as well as a mass balance of 230 Th and 231 Pa suggests continuous scavenging removal over the course of the entire 4000 km transect. Unlike the two radiogenic isotopes, 232 Th is enriched above what would be expected from assuming identical scavenging behavior to 230 Th, indicating a hydrothermal source of colloidal, unreactive 232 Th.

Published
2018
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22. Hydrothermal scavenging of ^(230)Th on the Southern East Pacific Rise during the last deglaciation

Author

Sarah E. McCart, Paul D. Asimow, David C Lund, Patrick A. Rafter, Emily I. Seeley, Kenneth A. Farley, Frank J. Pavia, and Robert F. Anderson

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sediment, Pelagic zone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Geophysics, Water column, Flux (metallurgy), Oceanography, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ridge (meteorology), Deglaciation, Scavenging, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Thorium-230 (^(230)Th) is a fundamental tool for estimating sediment fluxes in the open ocean. Because ^(230)Th is rapidly scavenged by particles falling through the water column, the flux of ^(230)Th to underlying sediments is typically equal to its water column production rate. However, recent surveys suggest hydrothermal plumes are unusually efficient scavengers of ^(230)Th. Here we show that hydrothermal scavenging on the Southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) resulted in ^(230)Th fluxes several times higher than the water column production rate during the last deglaciation. Elevated fluxes likely require diffusive transport of dissolved ^(230)Th from the ridge flanks towards the ridge crest. Depending on the length-scale of ^(230)Th transport, the resulting deficits in ^(230)Th may yield overestimates of sediment flux to ridge flank sediments. We also show that Fe fluxes at 19°S on the SEPR lag those at 11°S and 6°S by several thousand years, inconsistent with a signal driven by changes in deep water pH and oxygen levels. Instead, variable hydrothermal activity is the simplest explanation of the observed signals in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic basins.

Published
2019

23. Timescales of hydrothermal scavenging in the South Pacific Ocean from 234 Th, 230 Th, and 228 Th

Author

Yanbin Lu, Virginie Sanial, Willard S. Moore, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Hai Cheng, Erin E. Black, R. Lawrence Edwards, Pu Zhang, Martin Q. Fleisher, Matthew A. Charette, Mikael Hult, Robert F. Anderson, Frank J. Pavia, Lauren Kipp, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, Thorium, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Hydrothermal circulation, Plume, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental chemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Scavenging, Geology, Isotopes of thorium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Hydrothermal activity in the deep ocean generates plumes of metal-rich particles capable of removing certain trace elements from seawater by adsorption and sedimentation. This removal process, known as scavenging, can be probed using the insoluble radiogenic isotopes of thorium (Th), which are produced at a known rate in the water column via the decay of soluble uranium (234 Th, 230 Th) and radium (228 Th) isotopes. We present dissolved and particulate measurements of these three thorium isotopes in a hydrothermal plume observed in the southeast Pacific Ocean on the GEOTRACES GP16 section. Since their half-lives vary from days (234 Th) to years (228 Th) to tens of thousands of years (230 Th), the combination of their signals can be used to understand scavenging processes occurring on a wide range of timescales. Scavenging is a multi-step process involving adsorption and desorption onto particles, followed by particle aggregation, sinking, and eventual sedimentation. We use thorium isotopes to study how hydrothermal activity affects these steps. The rate constants for net adsorption of 234 Th determined here are comparable to previous estimates from hydrothermal plumes in the Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The partitioning of 234 Th and 230 Th between large and small particles is more similar in the hydrothermal plume than above it, indicating faster aggregation of particles within the hydrothermal plume at stations nearby the East Pacific Rise than in waters outside the plume. In addition to rapid scavenging and aggregation near the ridge axis, we also infer continuous off-axis scavenging from observations and modeling of 228 Th/ 228 Ra activity ratios. The degree of depletion of the three thorium isotopes increases in order of half-life, with total 234 Th activity close to that of its parent 238 U, but 230 Th showing nearly 70% depletion compared to expected values from reversible scavenging. By modeling the variations in depletion for the different isotopes, we show that much of the 230 Th removal is inherited from scavenging events happening long before the most recent hydrothermal inputs.

Published
2019
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24. A new method to extract 232Th, 230Th and 231Pa from seawater using a bulk-extraction technique with Nobias PA-1 chelating resin

Author

Frank J. Pavia, Martin Q. Fleisher, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Paulina Pinedo-Gonzalez, and Robert F. Anderson

Subjects
Chelating resin, Accuracy and precision, Biogeochemical cycle, Geotraces, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Protactinium, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Standard solution, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Seawater, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The long-lived radioisotopes of Th and Pa are unique tracers for quantifying rates of biogeochemical processes in the ocean. However, their generally low concentrations (sub-fg/kg for 230Th and 231Pa and pg/kg for 232Th) in seawater make them difficult to measure. Here, we present a new approach to determine 232Th and 230Th using Nobias PA-1 chelating resin following a bulk-extraction technique, and report for the first time the use of this resin to measure 231Pa concentrations. This method has high extraction efficiency (>80%) at pH of 4.4 ± 0.2 and the lowest procedural blanks reported in the literature: 1.0 ± 0.2 pg, 0.10 ± 0.03 fg, and 0.02 ± 0.01 fg for 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa, respectively, representing 3%, 0.02%, and 0.01% of the total dissolved 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa found in 5 L of a typical low-concentration surface seawater sample from the subtropical Pacific Ocean. The procedure yields data with high precision for all three isotopes (0.76% for 232Th, 0.89% for 230Th, and 0.96% for 231Pa, 2σ), allowing us to reliably measure Th and Pa in the oceans even at concentrations as low as those found in surface waters of the South Pacific Ocean. The accuracy of this method was confirmed by the analysis of well-characterized standard solutions (SW STD 2010-1 and SW STD 2015-1) and seawater samples collected aboard the FS Sonne (cruise SO245) during the UltraPac cruise in the South Pacific Ocean. Simultaneous and rapid extraction of 232Th, 230Th and 231Pa from seawater, as well as the high precision and accuracy of this method makes it ideal for both spatially and temporally high-resolution studies.

Published
2021
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25. Deep Pacific storage of respired carbon during the last ice age: Perspectives from bottom water oxygen reconstructions

Author

Samuel L Jaccard, Jerry F. McManus, Allison W Jacobel, Gisela Winckler, Robert F. Anderson, and Frank J. Pavia

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geology, Oxygen minimum zone, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Bottom water, Abyssal zone, Oceanography, Benthic zone, Paleoclimatology, Ice age, Environmental science, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Reconstructions of past changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the abyssal ocean are of interest to paleoceanographers because of their potential to help characterize and quantify the transfer of carbon between the atmosphere and the deep ocean. This potential, derived from the stoichiometric relationship between oxygen consumption and the regeneration of organic matter, has recently been expanded by compilations of core top observations for two proxies: the δ13C gradient between coeval infaunal and epifaunal benthic foraminifera (Δδ13C), and biomarker preservation. Here, we review these newer proxies, and the more established redox proxy authigenic uranium (aU), to critically evaluate our understanding of the controls on proxy signal production and preservation. We locate our work in the equatorial Pacific, presenting both new data and a compilation of existing records from thirty-two sediment cores to draw semi-quantitative conclusions about bottom water oxygen and respired carbon concentrations over the last glacial period. We find that the biogeochemical limitations on these proxies may be more substantial than previously appreciated, and therefore suggest several best-practice recommendations for their application. Despite the recognized data limitations, the compilation identifies the glacial Pacific Ocean as a dominant sink for CO2 at all depths below the modern oxygen minimum zone. Our review emphasizes the importance of multiproxy reconstructions, informed by site-specific records of paleoproductivity, in drawing coherent, internally consistent conclusions about glacial ocean oxygenation and carbon storage.

Published
2020
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26. The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017

Author

Thomas J. Browning, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Katharina Pahnke, Saeed Roshan, Stephanie Owens, Rosie Chance, Peter Croot, Steven van Heuven, Alison E. Hartman, Mercedes López-Lora, Pu Zhang, Heather A. Bouman, Géraldine Sarthou, François Lacan, Robyn E. Tuerena, José Marcus Godoy, Ester Garcia-Solsona, Steven L. Goldstein, Hans A. Slagter, Celia Venchiarutti, A. Russell Flegal, Emily Townsend, Ralph Till, Christopher T. Hayes, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Ros Watson, Peter N. Sedwick, Chandranath Basak, Bronwyn Wake, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Noriko Nakayama, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Paul J. Morris, François Fripiat, Paul B. Henderson, Chris J. Daniels, Catherine Jeandel, Helen M. Snaith, Patrizia Ziveri, Toshitaka Gamo, Yanbin Lu, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Yingzhe Wu, Andreas Wisotzki, Hajime Obata, Cynthia Dumousseaud, Ashley T. Townsend, Sebastian Mieruch, Donna Cockwell, Laurent Bopp, Elena Masferrer Dodas, Bernhard Schnetger, J. K. Klar, Sunil K. Singh, Joaquin E. Chaves, Kuo-Fang Huang, Louise A. Zimmer, Laura F. Robinson, Michiel M Rutgers van der Loeff, Corey Archer, Feifei Deng, Karen Grissom, Robert Rember, Nicholas J. Hawco, Jingfeng Wu, Robert M. Sherrell, Rachel U. Shelley, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Fanny Chever, Yuichiro Kumamoto, Hélène Planquette, Dorothea Bauch, Frank Dehairs, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Akira Nishiuchi, Paul D. Quay, Sanjin Mehic, Zichen Xue, Maxi Castrillejo, Brian Peters, Michael J. Ellwood, Stephen R. Rintoul, Tobias Roeske, Jing Zhang, Gretchen J. Swarr, Peng Ho, Ken O. Buesseler, Gwenaelle Moncoiffe, Martin Frank, Maureen E. Auro, Abby Bull, David Kadko, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Maeve C. Lohan, Roulin Khondoker, Patricia Cámara Mor, Melissa Gilbert, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Erin E. Black, Santiago R. Gonzalez, Gideon M. Henderson, David J. Janssen, Sylvain Rigaud, Amandine Radic, Maxence Paul, Cyril Abadie, Ana Aguliar-Islas, Seth G. John, Marie Boye, Evgenia Ryabenko, Abigail E. Noble, Luke Bridgestock, Brian Duggan, Hisayuki Yoshikawa, Jun Nishioka, Kathrin Wuttig, Pieter van Beek, Jana Friedrich, Thomas M. Church, Maija Heller, Stephen J.G. Galer, Pier van der Merwe, Claire P. Till, Xin Yuan Zheng, Henning Fröllje, John Niedermiller, Howie D. Scher, Johnny Stutsman, Patricia Zunino, Christel S. Hassler, Ye Zhao, Tim M. Conway, William M. Landing, Yang Xiang, Katrin Bluhm, Maria T. Maldonado, Elena Chamizo, Sabrina Speich, Claudine H. Stirling, Guillaume Brissebrat, Matthew A. Charette, Jeremy E. Jacquot, Yu-Te Hsieh, Pinghe Cai, Ivia Closset, Yoshiki Sohrin, Ejin George, Jong-Mi Lee, Leopoldo D. Pena, Edward Mawji, Damien Cardinal, Catherine Pradoux, Martin Q. Fleisher, Virginie Sanial, Derek Vance, Craig A. Carlson, Pere Masqué, Katlin L. Bowman, Evaline M. van Weerlee, Oliver Baars, Ruifang C. Xie, María Villa-Alfageme, Hein J W de Baar, M. Alexandra Weigand, Tina van de Flierdt, J. Bown, Timothy C. Kenna, Kenneth W. Bruland, Jeroen E. Sonke, Hai Cheng, Mark J. Warner, Sven Ober, Rob Middag, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Emilie Le Roy, Yishai Weinstein, Nicholas R. Bates, Joerg Rickli, Daniel M. Sigman, Hendrik M. van Aken, Angela Milne, Cheryl M. Zurbrick, Gregory A. Cutter, Igor Semiletov, Marie Labatut, Torben Stichel, Pascale Lherminier, Gabriel Dulaquais, Jay T. Cullen, Christopher I. Measures, Mark Rosenberg, Tomoharu Minami, Mariko Hatta, Alexander L. Thomas, Gonzalo Carrasco, Karel Bakker, Clifton S. Buck, Maarten B Klunder, Willard S. Moore, Reiner Schlitzer, Tomas A. Remenyi, Susan H. Little, Eberhard Fahrbach, Charles R. McClain, Edward A. Boyle, Ursula Schauer, Linjie Zheng, Alex R. Baker, Emma Slater, Kay Thorne, Patrick Laan, Christina Schallenberg, Reiner Steinfeldt, Benjamin S. Twining, Yolanda Echegoyen-Sanz, Neil J. Wyatt, Alison M. Agather, Viena Puigcorbé, Peter Scott, Gillian Stewart, Matthew P. Humphreys, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Phoebe J. Lam, Núria Casacuberta, Josh Helgoe, Edward C.V. Butler, Mark Rehkämper, Elizabeth M. Jones, Karen L. Casciotti, James W. Moffett, Tristan J. Horner, Sue Velazquez, Yuzuru Nakaguchi, Micha J.A. Rijkenberg, Antje H L Voelker, Joseph A. Resing, Lesley Salt, Eric P. Achterberg, Sven Kretschmer, Jan van Ooijen, Dominik J. Weiss, Moritz Zieringer, Carl H. Lamborg, Rick Kayser, Pierre Branellec, John M. Rolison, Sara Rauschenberg, Walter Geibert, Raja S. Ganeshram, Myriam Lambelet, Janice L. Jones, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, William J. Jenkins, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Alessandro Tagliabue, Philip W. Boyd, Alan M. Shiller, Marcus Christl, Mark Baskaran, Mak A. Saito, Huong Thi Dieu, Morten B. Andersen, Kenji Isshiki, Taejin Kim, Christian Schlosser, Melanie K. Behrens, Albert S. Colman, Frédéric Planchon, Bettina Sohst, Andrew R. Bowie, Mark A. Brzezinski, R. Lawrence Edwards, Kristen N. Buck, Jeanette O'Sullivan, William M. Smethie, Wafa Abouchami, Valentí Rodellas, Ed C Hathorne, Robert F. Anderson, James H. Swift, Frank J. Pavia, Daniel Cossa, Lauren Kipp, Peter L. Morton, Fabien Quéroué, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, University of California, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Toyama, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Department of Geology, Wayne State University [Detroit], The Bartlett, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institute for Environmental Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Research on Learning, Services communs OMP - UMS 831 (UMS 831), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Universidad de Dakota del Sur, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Wright State University, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Institute of Global Environmental Change [China] (IGEC), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Science, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), School of Information Technology [Kharagpur], Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, The University of Tokyo, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Knowledge Media Institute (KMI), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR), Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Géochimie des Isotopes Stables (GIS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Queens New York], Queens College [New York], City University of New York [New York] (CUNY)-City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), SOEST, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), RITE, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Agricultural Information Institute (AII), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Department of Mathematics [Shanghai], Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), University of California (UC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern California (USC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Services communs OMP (UMS 831), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment [Newark] (CEOE), University of Delaware [Newark], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Knowledge Media Institute (KMi), Kyoto University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Academia Sinica, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) from the U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0608600, OCE-0938349, OCE-1243377, OCE-1546580], UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ministry of Earth Science of India, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, l'Universite Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees Toulouse, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Kiel Excellence Cluster The Future Ocean, Swedish Museum of Natural History, University of Tokyo, University of British Columbia, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, National Science Foundation (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministry of Earth Sciences (India), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (France), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), Schlitzer, Reiner [0000-0002-3740-6499], Masferrer Dodas, Elena [0000-0003-0879-1954], Chamizo, Elena [0000-0001-8266-6129], Christl, M. [0000-0002-3131-6652], Masqué, Pere [0000-0002-1789-320X], Villa-Alfageme, María [0000-0001-7157-8588], Universitat de Barcelona, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Leverhulme Trust, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Carrasco Rebaza, Gonzalo, Echegoyen Sanz, Yolanda, Kayser, Richard A, Isotope Research, Ocean Ecosystems, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Hassler, Christel, Schlitzer, Reiner, Masferrer Dodas, Elena, Chamizo, Elena, Christl, M., Masqué, Pere, and Villa-Alfageme, María

Subjects
Geochemistry & Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isòtops, sub-01, Geotraces, MODELS, Digital data, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, IDP2017, Isotopes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Oceans, Electronic atlas, ddc:550, 0402 Geochemistry, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, NetCDF, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Trace elements, Science & Technology, Information retrieval, ACL, Geology, computer.file_format, Ocean Data View, Metadata, Data processing, GEOTRACES, 0403 Geology, Data extraction, 13. Climate action, Data quality, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, computer, Processament de dades, Trace elements Isotopes
Abstract

The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-0608600), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE0938349), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1243377), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1546580)

Published
2018
Full Text
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27. No evidence for equatorial Pacific dust fertilization

Author

Yuxin Zhou, Julia Gottschalk, Frank J. Pavia, Jennifer L. Middleton, Allison W Jacobel, Kassandra M Costa, Robert F. Anderson, Elizabeth M. Shoenfelt, and Gisela Winckler

Subjects
Oceanography, Human fertilization, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Published
2019
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