30 results on '"Franke, E D"'
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2. Induction of protective CTL responses against the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein by immunization with peptides.
- Author
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Franke, E D, primary, Corradin, G, additional, and Hoffman, S L, additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Protection against malaria by Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein 2 linear peptide induction of CD4+ T cell- and IFN-gamma-dependent elimination of infected hepatocytes.
- Author
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Wang, R, primary, Charoenvit, Y, additional, Corradin, G, additional, De La Vega, P, additional, Franke, E D, additional, and Hoffman, S L, additional
- Published
- 1996
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4. Pancreatitis Induced by Pentavalent Antimonial Agents During Treatment of Leishmaniasis
- Author
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Gasser, R. A., primary, Magill, A. J., additional, Oster, C. N., additional, Franke, E. D., additional, Grogl, M., additional, and Berman, J. D., additional
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Antibody response of humans to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax
- Author
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Franke, E D, primary, Lucas, C M, additional, and San Roman, E, additional
- Published
- 1991
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- View/download PDF
6. Global Distribution of a Variant of the Circumsporozoite Gene of Plasmodium vivax
- Author
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Kain, K. C., primary, Keystone, J., additional, Franke, E. D., additional, and Lanar, D. E., additional
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Efficacy and toxicity of sodium stibogluconate for mucosal leishmaniasis.
- Author
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Franke, Eileen D., Wignall, F. Stephen, Cruz, Maria E., Rosales, Ernesto, Tovar, Adolfo A., Lucas, Carmen M., Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro, Berman, Jonathan D., Franke, E D, Wignall, F S, Cruz, M E, Rosales, E, Tovar, A A, Lucas, C M, Llanos-Cuentas, A, and Berman, J D
- Subjects
LEISHMANIASIS ,PROTOZOAN diseases - Abstract
Objective: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended treatment for mucosal leishmaniasis: antimony, 20 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days.Design: Open trial with 12-month follow-up.Setting: Inpatient unit of a regional referral hospital in a developing country.Patients: Twenty-nine consecutive eligible patients with culture-confirmed infection of the mucosa with Leishmania species who were otherwise healthy. Eight patients (28%) had mild to moderate disease (confined to the nasal mucosa). Twenty-one patients (72%) had severe disease (including the oropharynx as well as the nasal mucosa).Intervention: Antimony, 20 mg/kg body weight intravenously every day for 28 days. Patients received antimony in the form of sodium stibogluconate.Measurements and Main Results: Initial results of therapy were as follows: 63 of 72 lesions (88%) healed or markedly improved; all lesions were culture-negative for parasites; and 18 of 29 patients (62%) showed complete clinical and parasitologic cure of all lesions. By the 12-month follow-up examinations, however, 37 lesions had recurred, 8 new lesions had appeared, and only 8 patients (30%) showed clinical cure of all lesions. Of the 8 patients with mild to moderate disease, 6 were cured compared with only 2 of the 21 patients with severe disease. Side effects of this treatment regimen included T-wave inversion on electrocardiogram (4 patients), abnormal liver function tests (10 patients), and musculoskeletal pain (24 patients). No side effects occurred during week 1 of therapy.Conclusions: The only recommended treatment for mucosal leishmaniasis is ineffective in patients with severe disease. The acceptable toxicity of the regimen suggests that longer courses of therapy with antimony, or that trials with other antileishmanial agents alone or combined with antimony be evaluated as initial therapy for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1990
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8. A subdominant CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein induces CTLs that eliminate infected hepatocytes from culture.
- Author
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Franke, E D, Sette, A, Sacci, J, Southwood, S, Corradin, G, and Hoffman, S L
- Abstract
Previous studies indicated that the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP) 57-70 region elicits T cells capable of eliminating infected hepatocytes in vitro. Herein, we report that the PyCSP58-67 sequence contains an H-2(d) binding motif, which binds purified K(d) molecules in vitro with low affinity (3, 267 nM) and encodes an H-2(d)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope. Immunization of BALB/c mice with three doses of a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) construct containing four branches of amino acids 57 to 70 linked to a lysine-glycine core [MAP4(PyCSP57-70)] and Lipofectin as the adjuvant induced both T-cell proliferation and a peptide-specific CTL response that was PyCSP59-67 specific, H-2(d) restricted, and CD8(+) T cell dependent. Immunization with either DNA encoding the PyCSP or irradiated sporozoites demonstrated that this CTL epitope is subdominant since it is not recognized in the context of whole CSP immunization. The biological relevance of this CTL response was underlined by the demonstration that it could mediate genetically restricted, CD8(+)- and nitric-oxide-dependent elimination of infected hepatocytes in vitro, as well as partial protection of BALB/c mice against sporozoite challenge. These findings indicate that subdominant epitopes with low major histocompatibility complex affinity can be used to engineer epitope-based vaccines and have implications for the selection of epitopes for subunit-based vaccines.
- Published
- 2000
9. Monoclonal antibody to a unique surface epitope of the human filaria Brugia malayi identifies infective larvae in mosquito vectors.
- Author
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Carlow, C K, Franke, E D, Lowrie, R C, Partono, F, and Philipp, M
- Abstract
We describe properties of an IgM monoclonal antibody (NEB-D1E5) raised against the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. The antibody reacts with a stage- and species-specific determinant located on the surface of the infective-stage larva, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. To use this reagent in epidemiological field studies, we developed an enzyme-linked immunoassay with which B. malayi larvae can be differentiated from other filarial parasites in mosquito vectors, including the morphologically indistinguishable parasite of animals Brugia pahangi. The immunoenzyme assay was 91-94% specific and 90-97% sensitive when performed on infected mosquitoes. In the absence of mosquito tissue, the levels of specificity and sensitivity increased to 100% and 97.5-100%, respectively. Binding of antibody to the surface of living larvae was abrogated by treatment of the worms with the enzymes pronase and proteinase K and with the detergents Triton X-100, octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate (CHAPS). In contrast, treatment with trypsin, endoglycosidase-F, O-Glycanase, N-Glycanase, lipase, various phospholipases, boiling, 2-mercaptoethanol at 37 degrees C, or periodate did not reduce the antigenicity of the larval surface to antibody NEB-D1E5. These results suggest that the species-specific epitope is a peptide domain attached to a hydrophobic anchoring residue.
- Published
- 1987
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10. Growth cycle-dependent generation of complement-resistant Leishmania promastigotes.
- Author
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Franke, E D, primary, McGreevy, P B, additional, Katz, S P, additional, and Sacks, D L, additional
- Published
- 1985
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11. Inducing protective immune responses against the sporozoite and liver stages of Plasmodium
- Author
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Hoffman, S. L. and Franke, E. D.
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- 1994
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12. Pan DR binding sequence provides T-cell help for induction of protective antibodies against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites.
- Author
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Franke ED, Hoffman SL, Sacci JB Jr, Wang R, Charoenvit Y, Appella E, Chesnut R, Alexander J, Del Guercio MF, and Sette A
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Cells, Cultured, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Molecular Sequence Data, Plasmodium falciparum immunology, Antibodies, Protozoan biosynthesis, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte immunology, Plasmodium yoelii immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
- Abstract
Pan-DR epitope (PADRE) peptides have demonstrated the capacity to deliver help for antibody responses in vivo. They were also found, fortuitously, to be able to provide significant helper T-cell activity in vivo. This suggested that linear constructs, containing the PADRE epitope, might be as efficient at generating an immune response as large multivalent antigens. Plasmodium falciparum and P. yoelii PADRE constructs were capable of inducing a high titre IgG antibody response that recognized intact sporozoites. We now report that these antibodies can inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes in vitro and that mice immunized with the PyCSP-PADRE linear construct were protected when challenged with P. yoelii sporozoites.
- Published
- 1999
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13. Sterile protection of monkeys against malaria after administration of interleukin-12.
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Hoffman SL, Crutcher JM, Puri SK, Ansari AA, Villinger F, Franke ED, Singh PP, Finkelman F, Gately MK, Dutta GP, and Sedegah M
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- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Interferon-gamma blood, Interferon-gamma drug effects, Interferon-gamma genetics, Interleukin-12 blood, Interleukins genetics, Interleukins metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Macaca mulatta immunology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Recombinant Proteins pharmacology, Time Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha drug effects, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Interleukin-12 pharmacology, Malaria prevention & control, Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium yoelii
- Abstract
An estimated 300-500 million new infections and 1.5-2.7 million deaths attributed to malaria occur annually in the developing world, and every year tens of millions of travelers from countries where malaria is not transmitted visit countries with malaria. Because the parasites that cause malaria have developed resistance to many antimalarial drugs, new methods for prevention are required. Intraperitoneal injection into mice of one dose of 150 ng (approximately 7.5 micrograms per kg body weight) recombinant mouse interleukin-12 (rmIL-12) 2 days before challenge with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites protects 100% of mice against malaria. We report that one subcutaneous injection of 10 micrograms/kg recombinant human IL-12 (rhIL-12) 2 days before challenge with P. cynomolgi sporozoites protected seven of seven rhesus monkeys. Protection was associated with marked increases in plasma levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and relative increases of lymphoid cell messenger RNA coding for IFN-gamma and several other cytokines. We speculate that rIL-12 protects monkeys through IFN-gamma-dependent elimination of P. cynomolgi-infected hepatocytes. This first report of rIL-12-induced protection of primates against an infectious agent supports assessment of rhIL-12 for immunoprophylaxis of human malaria.
- Published
- 1997
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14. Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni: first isolation in Peru.
- Author
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Lucas CM, Franke ED, Cachay MI, Tejada A, Carrizales D, and Kreutzer RD
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- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Biopsy, Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate, Humans, Isoenzymes analysis, Leishmania classification, Leishmania enzymology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous epidemiology, Male, Peru epidemiology, Skin parasitology, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous parasitology
- Abstract
Surveys were conducted from 1986 through 1992 to define the etiology and geographic distribution of human leishmaniasis in Peru. Lesion aspirates and skin biopsies were obtained from clinically diagnosed cases of leishmaniasis and tested for promastigotes by standard culture techniques. The isozyme profile of the isolates was determined by the cellulose acetate electrophoresis technique. Data indicated that the isozyme profiles for Leishmania isolates from six patients were similar to that of reference strains of L. lainsoni. These results are the first reported evidence of L. lainsoni and the first association of this parasite with human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru.
- Published
- 1994
15. Efficacy of 28-day and 40-day regimens of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) in the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis.
- Author
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Franke ED, Llanos-Cuentas A, Echevarria J, Cruz ME, Campos P, Tovar AA, Lucas CM, and Berman JD
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- Adult, Antimony Sodium Gluconate administration & dosage, Antimony Sodium Gluconate adverse effects, Drug Administration Schedule, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peru, Treatment Outcome, Antimony Sodium Gluconate therapeutic use, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous drug therapy, Occupational Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
The efficacy and toxicity of two regimens of antimony, 28 and 40 days of 20 mg of antimony/kg/day, were compared in the treatment of culture-positive mucosal leishmaniasis involving more than one anatomic site. Forty consecutive eligible Peruvians with infiltrative or ulcerative mucosal disease of the lips, nose, palate-uvula-pharynx, or larynx-epiglottis were randomized to receive either 28 days (P28) or 40 days (P40) of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam). Treatment was prematurely terminated due to thrombocytopenia in three patients and two patients did not complete six months of follow-up. At one month post-treatment, 13% (2 of 16) of the P28 patients and 16% (3 of 19) of the P40 patients no longer had infiltrates or ulcers and were initially considered cured. During a further 11 months of follow-up, infiltrated lesions healed in eight more P28 patients and in 10 more P40 patients. The cure rate after 12 months of follow-up was therefore 63% for both groups (10 of 16 in the P28 group and 12 of 19 in the P40 group). The total of 13 patients who had infiltrates or ulcers at the 9-12-month follow-up were considered failures. All seven patients (three in the P28 group and four in the P40 group) whose lesions were culture-positive for Leishmania at some point in the 12 months after treatment, and who were thereby parasitologic failures, were also clinical failures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
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16. Plasmodium vivax VK247 and VK210 circumsporozoite proteins in Anopheles mosquitoes from Andoas, Peru.
- Author
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Need JT, Wirtz RA, Franke ED, Fernandez R, Carbajal F, Falcon R, and San Roman E
- Subjects
- Animals, Peru, Plasmodium vivax isolation & purification, Anopheles parasitology, Plasmodium vivax chemistry, Protozoan Proteins analysis
- Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes captured in Andoas, Peru, a Plasmodium vivax-endemic area in the Peruvian Amazon region, contained both VK210 and VK247 P. vivax circumsporozoite (CS) proteins. Approximately 0.9% of the 4,403 mosquitoes tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were positive; 28% and 72% of the positive mosquitoes contained VK210 and VK247 CS proteins, respectively. These findings correlate strongly with a recent report of the presence of antibodies in residents of this area that recognize the VK210 and VK247 repeats, clearly indicating that both P. vivax CS protein polymorphs are common in the region.
- Published
- 1993
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17. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis: its implication in systemic chemotherapy of cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease.
- Author
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Grogl M, Thomason TN, and Franke ED
- Subjects
- Animals, Antiprotozoal Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Humans, Leishmania braziliensis drug effects, Leishmania mexicana drug effects, Meglumine Antimoniate, Antimony Sodium Gluconate pharmacology, Leishmania drug effects, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous drug therapy, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous drug therapy, Meglumine pharmacology, Organometallic Compounds pharmacology
- Abstract
We report that in vitro sensitivity to pentavalent antimony (Sb5) of 35 Leishmania isolates as determined by the semiautomated microdilution technique (SAMT) showed an 89% and 86% correlation with clinical outcome after Pentostam and Glucantime treatment, respectively. These results suggest that in over 85% of the cases, the clinical outcome of treatment (cure or failure) could have been predicted by using the SAMT technique. Furthermore, the results clearly indicate that drug resistance is a problem, and that at least in some instances, failure to respond to treatment is due to the parasite as well as patient factors. Strains from Sb5-treated patients with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease who fail at least one complete course of Pentostam are as highly nonresponsive to this drug as laboratory-proven drug-resistant Leishmania strains. It was determined that some Leishmania isolates are innately less susceptible to Sb5 than others, and that moderate resistance to Sb5 exists in nature. A 10- and 17-fold increase was detected in the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Sb5 for L. mexicana and L. braziliensis isolates after subcurative treatment of the patients, when compared with the mean IC50 of seven and six isolates from the same endemic areas in Guatemala and Peru, respectively. Thus, we have correlated subcurative treatment to a decrease in drug sensitivity in at least these two cases. Collectively, these results indicate that under Sb5 pressure from undermedication, the parasites inherently most drug resistant are favored. The degree of resistance of a strain to antimony in association with host-specific factors will determine whether the clinical response to treatment with this drug is a total cure or a partial response followed by relapse(s), and possibly secondary unresponsiveness resulting in total resistance to antimony. It is evident from our in vitro test data that the SAMT is an extremely powerful and highly accurate technique for the prediction and determination of drug sensitivity of leishmanial isolates, as well as a means to screen for anti-leishmanial agents.
- Published
- 1992
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18. Prevalence of antibody to the variant repeat of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax in Peru.
- Author
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Franke ED, Lucas CM, San Roman E, and Wirtz RA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antigens, Protozoan chemistry, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Infant, Malaria, Vivax immunology, Molecular Sequence Data, Peru epidemiology, Plasmodium vivax genetics, Prevalence, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Malaria, Vivax epidemiology, Plasmodium vivax immunology, Protozoan Proteins
- Abstract
Individuals living in a malaria-endemic area in northern Peru were found to have antibodies to the variant repeat sequence of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax. The presence of IgG antibody to the predominant repeat sequence GDRAA/DGPA represented by the recombinant protein NS1(81) V20 (V20), and the variant repeat sequence ANGAGNQPG contained in the synthetic peptide Pvk247, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG antibodies to the repeats were present in 78 (26%) of 298 serum samples; 56% of the positive serum samples had antibodies to V20 and 60% had antibodies to Pvk247. These findings stress the importance of considering the variant epitope in designing a vaccine based on the repeat region of the vivax CS protein. In a malaria-endemic area such as the one in this study, in which exposure to the variant repeat epitope may be as frequent as exposure to the predominant repeat, a vaccine based solely on the predominant repeat epitope may be ineffective against the variant form.
- Published
- 1992
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19. Serologic and genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax from whole blood-impregnated filter paper discs.
- Author
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Kain KC, Wirtz RA, Fernandez I, Franke ED, Rodriguez MH, and Lanar DE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Base Sequence, DNA, Protozoan analysis, DNA, Protozoan chemistry, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gene Amplification, Humans, Mexico, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Oligonucleotide Probes chemistry, Peru, Plasmodium vivax genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Antibodies, Protozoan biosynthesis, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Genetic Variation, Malaria, Vivax parasitology, Plasmodium vivax immunology, Protozoan Proteins
- Abstract
The presence in the New World of a variant strain of Plasmodium vivax (VK247) containing a unique circumsporozoite (CS) repeat domain was determined by the detection of antibodies to the variant CS protein and by genetic analysis of the CS gene from field isolates. Whole blood specimens were collected on filter paper from patients infected with P. vivax in Mexico and Peru. Plasmodium vivax DNA was eluted from filter paper samples and the CS gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for the presence of VK247 or VK210 DNA by oligoprobe hybridization. Sera eluted from a companion filter paper sample were screened for antibodies reactive with the predominant and variant repeat peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and with sporozoites by the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test. All 24 patients were positive by PCR and oligoprobe hybridization for either VK210 (16 of 24), VK247 (3 of 24), or both (5 of 24). Mixed infections were common (5 of 7) in Peru, but were not observed in the Mexican isolates (0 of 17). All three VK247 infections from Mexico occurred in residents of the foothills above Tapachula (P = 0.02). Of patients with smear-positive P. vivax infection, 42% (10 of 24) had detectable antibodies eluted from dried blood dots that were reactive with the CS protein by IFA or ELISA. These findings establish the widespread distribution of the P. vivax variant CS protein in the New World and indicate that dried blood filter paper samples represent a valuable source of material for the serologic and molecular analysis of plasmodial infections.
- Published
- 1992
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20. Antibody response to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax in naturally infected humans.
- Author
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Franke ED, Lucas CM, Chauca G, Wirtz RA, and Hinostroza S
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Antibody Specificity, Binding, Competitive, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epitopes immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin M blood, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid immunology, Antibodies, Protozoan biosynthesis, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Malaria, Vivax immunology, Plasmodium vivax immunology, Protozoan Proteins
- Abstract
The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax consists of a central repeat region flanked by highly conserved non-repeat regions. Serum samples from 33 individuals with naturally acquired infections of P. vivax were tested for antibodies to four antigens representing the vivax CS protein. Three recombinant proteins containing different overlapping sequences in the non-repeat regions and either the entire central repeat region (vivax-1 and vivax-2) or two of the repeat sequences (vivax-3) were used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to two other proteins, one (NS1(81)V20) containing the entire predominant repeat region (GDRAA/DGQPA) and the other (Pvk247) containing the variant repeat sequence (ANGAGNQPG) that was recently reported from Thailand were also measured by ELISA. Immunoglobulin G antibodies to the antigen representing the predominant repeat were present in 15% of the patients on the first day of treatment (day 0) and in 24% of the patients two weeks later (post-treatment). Six and 12% of the patients had IgG antibodies to the antigen containing the variant repeat on day 0 and post-treatment, respectively. A larger proportion of the sera had antibodies to the three antigens containing the non-repeat sequences; on the first day of treatment and two weeks later, 79 and 97% of the patients, respectively, had antibodies to vivax-1, vivax-2, and vivax-3. In this sample of Peruvians naturally infected with P. vivax, the most prevalent antibody responses were targeted to epitopes in the non-repeat region of the CS protein rather than to epitopes in the repeat region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1992
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- View/download PDF
21. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in Peru.
- Author
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Franke ED, Lucas CM, Tovar AA, Kruger JH, De Rivera MV, and Wignall FS
- Subjects
- Adult, Antimony therapeutic use, Antiprotozoal Agents therapeutic use, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Leishmaniasis drug therapy, Leishmaniasis pathology, Meglumine therapeutic use, Meglumine Antimoniate, Organometallic Compounds therapeutic use, Peru epidemiology, Skin pathology, Leishmaniasis epidemiology
- Abstract
A case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) acquired in Peru is described. The causative agent was Leishmania mexicana amazonensis as determined by isoenzyme analysis and species-specific monoclonal antibody binding characteristics. Histological examination of biopsy material showed a large number of intracellular and extracellular amastigotes and few lymphocytes. Treatment with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) administered iv at a dosage of 20 mg antimony/kg body weight/day for 60 days resulted in visible improvement of the lesions, but not in clinical or parasitological cure.
- Published
- 1990
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22. Evaluation of medium supplements for in vitro cultivation of Wuchereria bancrofti.
- Author
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Franke ED, Riberu W, and Wiady I
- Subjects
- Animals, Culture Media, Larva growth & development, Wuchereria growth & development, Wuchereria bancrofti growth & development
- Abstract
Third-stage larvae (L3) of Wuchereria bancrofti molt to the fourth stage in an in vitro culture medium composed of NCTC 135 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (1:1; v/v) supplemented with 10% human serum and a mixture of anti-bacterial and anti-mycotic agents. In the present investigation this culture medium was used to examine the effects of different concentrations of human serum, medium supplements, and serum replacements on larval growth, development, and molting. Several medium supplements and serum replacements were evaluated including hemin, Nutridoma, and a mixture of soybean lipids, bovine serum albumin, and transferrin. The supplements tested could not support larval growth and development in the absence of serum and they did not have an enhancing effect on larval growth and development in combination with human serum. A medium supplement of 30% human serum resulted in molting of 80-94% of L3s and optimum growth to the mid to late fourth stage. This culture system provides an excellent alternative to experimentally infected animals as a source of larvae undergoing the third molt and fourth-stage larvae for screening potential anti-filarial compounds and for immunologic and biochemical studies.
- Published
- 1990
23. Immune response of humans to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum: limited T cell response to the immunodominant central repeat region.
- Author
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Campbell JR, Paleologo FP, Franke ED, Ratiwayanto S, Hadiputranto H, Kurniawan L, Wistar R Jr, Hoffman SL, Annis BA, and Wasserman G
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan biosynthesis, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epitopes immunology, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Lymphocyte Activation, Peptide Fragments immunology, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Antigens, Surface immunology, Malaria immunology, Plasmodium falciparum immunology, Protozoan Proteins, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
Most adults in highly malarious areas have antibodies to the repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. To determine if a T cell epitope on the repeat region stimulated T cell help for this antibody, we used R32tet32, a recombinant construct derived from the repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum, to stimulate in vitro mononuclear cells from residents of an area hyperendemic for malaria. Three groups differing in the length of time they had resided in a malarious area were studied. The percentage of individuals in each group who had positive antibody responses to R32tet32 increased with increased exposure to malaria. However, antibody positivity was not correlated with in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to the antigen. Lymphocytes from 79% of the individuals showing serum antibodies to R32tet32 failed to respond in a lymphocyte transformation assay, suggesting that T cell helper activity in these individuals was based upon the recognition of a T cell epitope not located within this peptide.
- Published
- 1988
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24. In vitro cultivation of third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti to the fourth stage.
- Author
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Franke ED, Riberu W, and Wiady I
- Subjects
- Aedes parasitology, Animals, Culture Media, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Larva, Male, Wuchereria bancrofti ultrastructure, Wuchereria growth & development, Wuchereria bancrofti growth & development
- Abstract
Third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti obtained from laboratory-infected mosquitoes grew and molted to the fourth stage in vitro. The culture medium which supported the best growth and development consisted of a 1:1 mixture (v/v) of two commercially available cell culture media, NCTC 135 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with 10% human serum or plasma and an antibacterial/antimycotic mixture. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of either 5% or 8% CO2 in air. After 35 days of culture, 65% to 100% of the larvae were fourth stage. They were motile and in excellent morphological condition with development of the reproductive system in males and females. This culture system will provide an important tool for biochemical and immunological studies.
- Published
- 1987
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25. In vitro cultivation of Dipetalonema viteae third-stage larvae: effect of the gas phase.
- Author
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Franke ED and Weinstein PP
- Subjects
- Animals, Culture Media, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Larva growth & development, Carbon Dioxide pharmacology, Dipetalonema growth & development, Oxygen pharmacology, Parasitology methods
- Abstract
The effect of the gas phase on the in vitro growth and development of Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) third-stage larvae obtained from the tick vector and 3 day infections of jirds was examined. Measurements of the oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) tensions and the pH in the medium were made for each gas phase. In cultures gassed with 5% carbon dioxide in nitrogen the pO2 was between 32 and 50 mm Hg, the pCO2 ranged from 25 to 40 mm Hg and the pH was between 7.2 and 7.4. This gas phase resulted in the best growth and development of third-stage larvae to the fourth-stage. Survival and development of larvae were decreased in cultures with oxygen tensions less than 20 mm Hg and greater than 50 mm Hg.
- Published
- 1984
26. Leishmania braziliensis: protein, carbohydrate, and antigen differences between log phase and stationary phase promastigotes in vitro.
- Author
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Grögl M, Franke ED, McGreevy PB, and Kuhn RE
- Subjects
- Animals, Glycoproteins analysis, Lectins metabolism, Leishmania braziliensis analysis, Leishmania braziliensis immunology, Antigens, Protozoan analysis, Carbohydrates analysis, Leishmania growth & development, Leishmania braziliensis growth & development, Proteins analysis
- Abstract
When Leishmania species are grown in vitro, parasites from the stationary phase differ from those in log phase growth in being more infective and more resistant to complement and macrophage mediated killing. In the present study, log phase and stationary phase promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis were compared at the molecular level. Differences in polypeptide and glycoprotein composition and antigenicity between log and stationary phase promastigotes of L. b. panamensis were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting; the former showed that two polypeptides were unique to log phase promastigotes and one was unique to stationary phase promastigotes. There were also differences in surface lectin binding characteristics of log and stationary phase promastigotes. Live stationary phase promastigotes bound more concanavalin and lentil lectin than log phase promastigotes, indicating a greater number of mannose residues on their surfaces.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea): culture of third-stage larvae to young adults in vitro.
- Author
-
Franke ED and Weinstein PP
- Subjects
- Animals, Culture Media, In Vitro Techniques, Larva, Male, Ticks parasitology, Dipetalonema growth & development
- Abstract
Infective third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) were cultured to young adults in a cell-free culture system. Third-stage larvae from the tick vector grew, developed, and molted twice in a medium containing NCTC 135 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum under a gas phase of 95 percent nitrogen and 5 percent carbon dioxide. The availability of such a culture system for filariids should facilitate studies of their immunology, biochemistry, and sensitivity to drugs.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Isolation of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria from the intestinal contents of freshwater fishes and their potential pathogenicity.
- Author
-
Franke ED and Mackiewicz JS
- Subjects
- Amoeba pathogenicity, Animals, Fresh Water, Goldfish parasitology, Amoeba isolation & purification, Fishes parasitology, Intestines parasitology
- Published
- 1982
29. Detection and enumeration of Leishmania in sand flies using agar-based media.
- Author
-
Franke ED, Rowton ED, Perkins PV, and McGreevy PB
- Subjects
- Animals, Cricetinae, Leishmania growth & development, Mesocricetus, Rats, Leishmania isolation & purification, Psychodidae parasitology
- Abstract
An agar plating technique was used to determine the number of amastigotes ingested by Lutzomyia longipalpis fed on papules on Mesocricetus auratus caused by Leishmania mexicana amazonensis and on lesions on Mystromys albicaudatus caused by Leishmania braziliensis panamensis. The technique involved homogenizing sand flies after bloodfeeding on the infected animals and spreading the homogenate over the surface of agar plates. A great variation in the number of amastigotes ingested by individual sand flies was demonstrated. Not all amastigotes ingested developed anterior stomodeal infections.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. In vitro cultivation of Dipetalonema viteae third-stage larvae: evaluation of culture media, serum, and other supplements.
- Author
-
Franke ED and Weinstein PP
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood, Cattle, Culture Media, Dipetalonema cytology, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Insect Vectors, Larva physiology, Ticks, Dipetalonema growth & development
- Abstract
Third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae obtained from the tick vector developed to the fourth stage in several cell-free culture systems. Survival and development of larvae in a number of commercially available cell culture media, supplemented with serum and other defined and undefined components, were compared. All cultures were gassed with 5% carbon dioxide in nitrogen. Best survival, growth and development were obtained in stationary cultures containing 1:1 (v/v) mixtures of NCTC 135, either RPMI 1640 or Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium, and a supplement of 20% non-heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. The importance of the medium composition and physical environment of the culture system, for the survival, growth and development of D. viteae was demonstrated.
- Published
- 1984
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