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Preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires suitable animal models. Equids host homologs of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Because coinfections of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV occur in humans, we screened 2,917 specimens from equids from five continents for HBV. We discovered a distinct HBV species (Equid HBV, EqHBV) in 3.2% of donkeys and zebras by PCR and antibodies against EqHBV in 5.4% of donkeys and zebras. Molecular, histopathological, and biochemical analyses revealed that infection patterns of EqHBV resembled those of HBV in humans, including hepatotropism, moderate liver damage, evolutionary stasis, and potential horizontal virus transmission. Naturally infected donkeys showed chronic infections resembling CHB with high viral loads of up to 2.6 × 10(9) mean copies per milliliter serum for >6 mo and weak antibody responses. Antibodies against Equid HCV were codetected in 26.5% of donkeys seropositive for EqHBV, corroborating susceptibility to both hepatitis viruses. Deltavirus pseudotypes carrying EqHBV surface proteins were unable to infect human cells via the HBV receptor NTCP (Na(+)/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide), suggesting alternative viral entry mechanisms. Both HBV and EqHBV deltavirus pseudotypes infected primary horse hepatocytes in vitro, supporting a broad host range for EqHBV among equids and suggesting that horses might be suitable for EqHBV and HBV infections in vivo. Evolutionary analyses suggested that EqHBV originated in Africa several thousand years ago, commensurate with the domestication of donkeys. In sum, EqHBV naturally infects diverse equids and mimics HBV infection patterns. Equids provide a unique opportunity for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for CHB and to investigate HBV/HCV interplay upon coinfection.

Acesso restrito: Texto completo. p. 24-31 Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-06T19:09:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 __ac.els-cdn.com_S030440...f8e31f27616a03529c6d0f71654c8.pdf: 184203 bytes, checksum: c90e838c218047f97b3524bfd3a8c1fc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-06T19:09:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 __ac.els-cdn.com_S030440...f8e31f27616a03529c6d0f71654c8.pdf: 184203 bytes, checksum: c90e838c218047f97b3524bfd3a8c1fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important reemerging parasitic disease in the world. The domestic dog is the main reservoir in urban environments. The aim of this work was to extend the knowledge on canine Leishmania infection in the city of Fortaleza in northeastern Brazil, identifying the risk factors inherent in dog susceptibility to the infection. Two populations were analyzed, domestic dogs from clinics and the Veterinary Hospital Unit of Ceara´ State University and stray dogs captured by the Center for Zoonosis Control in Fortaleza. Blood samples were collected and centrifuged and the sera were stored at 20 8C. ELISA,with soluble crude Leishmania chagasi antigens (LTCC – WDCM731) was used for diagnosis. A total of 1381 samples were tested,750 from domestic and 631 from stray dogs. The seroprevalence of canine VL was 21.4% (135/631) in stray dogs and 26.2% (197/750) in domestic dogs. The seroprevalence of Leishmania infection in the six administrative regions of the city (Secretarias Executivas Regionais, or SER) among stray dogs was highest in SER V, representing 31.4% of the cases, with large dogs more infected (27.7%). Among domestic dogs Leishmania infection was most prevalent in SERV (38.5%) and VI (37.6%). The dogs’ age (1–6 years), large size, environment with dense vegetation and presence of clinical signs compatible with Leishmania infection were associated with the illness in domestic dogs. The frequency of the infection varied seasonally. The seroprevalence was greatest in July and December. These results confirm Fortaleza is an endemic area for canine VL and suggest some variables associated with increasing infection risk in dog populations. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

p. 178-183 Submitted by RI Repositorio (repositorio@ufba.br) on 2011-07-19T20:04:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 720-2783-2-PB.pdf: 134834 bytes, checksum: d69e2314762dee3c9024deb3dd70b0fa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-07-19T20:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 720-2783-2-PB.pdf: 134834 bytes, checksum: d69e2314762dee3c9024deb3dd70b0fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 Esse estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de analisar a freqüência de infecção por Babesia spp. em cães com suspeita clínica de hemoparasitose, identificados por médicos veterinários na cidade de Salvador e Região Metropolitana, Bahia, no período de setembro de 1991 a fevereiro de 2005. Dos 7.243 registros de casos suspeitos examinados pela técnica de Giemsa, 33,95% apresentavam resultado positivo para Babesia spp. As raças que apresentavam o maior número de cães infectados foram Akita Inu 48,61%, Pitbull 46,91%, Rottweiler 42,23%, Cocker Spaniel 41,93%, SRD 41,60% e Boxer 40,47%. A freqüência de infecção por faixa etária foi mais elevada nos cães com idade de até 12 meses incompletos (42,87%), seguida das faixas entre 12 e 48 meses (34,63%) e acima de 48 meses (34,38%). Os dados mostram que a babesiose é endêmica na região, sendo necessários mais estudos visando o esclarecimento de sua epidemiologia e otimização de estratégias de controle. Salvador

p. 152-163 Submitted by RI Repositorio (repositorio@ufba.br) on 2011-07-19T20:24:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 723-2806-2-PB.pdf: 163776 bytes, checksum: 84fd35c18abc5144d906b85296bec39e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-07-19T20:24:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 723-2806-2-PB.pdf: 163776 bytes, checksum: 84fd35c18abc5144d906b85296bec39e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 Este estudo objetivou investigar a incidência de leishmaniose visceral canina e estimar a associação entre variáveis de risco e a soroconversão em um grupo de 147 cães, inicialmente soronegativos, em teste imunoenzimático, residentes em 20 áreas localizadas nos municípios de Lauro de Freitas e Camaçari, Bahia. Dados sobre potenciais fatores de risco de infecção foram coletados através de questionário epidemiológico, aplicado aos responsáveis pelos cães envolvidos na pesquisa.. Os 147 animais que deram início ao estudo foram acompanhados por um período que variou de nove a 18 meses até a realização da segunda sorologia. Desses, 27 apresentaram soroconversão, correspondendo a uma incidência geral de 18,4% (27/147), sendo 17,4% (4/23) em Lauro de Freitas e 18,5% em Camaçari (23/124). Quanto às variáveis associadas ao incremento do risco relativo de infecção dos cães por Leishmania sp., a presença de suínos no peridomicílio representou um incremento de 7,7 vezes. Os resultados deste estudo apresentam os primeiros dados de incidência da LV nas populações caninas residentes nos municípios, servindo à compreensão da epidemiologia da doença e à otimização do seu controle. Salvador

p. 31-40 Submitted by RI Repositorio (repositorio@ufba.br) on 2011-07-17T22:11:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 627-2423-2-PB.pdf: 306407 bytes, checksum: 54b5a0d9e9225d36881a2fbaf6e7c5b0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-07-17T22:11:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 627-2423-2-PB.pdf: 306407 bytes, checksum: 54b5a0d9e9225d36881a2fbaf6e7c5b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 Este estudo comparou os resultados de testes ELISA para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) utilizando dois antígenos solúveis de Leishmania chagasi, um deles obtido pelo cultivo do parasito em meio sintético quimicamente definido para bactéria, e o outro em meio Schneider. Para avaliação dos ELISAs, foram utilizadas 177 amostras de soro, sendo 36 de cães com isolamento de Leishmania sp em amostras de aspirado esplênico, 71 de cães soronegativos para LVC e 70 amostras escolhidas aleatoriamente no banco de soros do Laboratório de Infectologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Ao compararmos os resultados dos ELISAs para a população total, a concordância geral entre eles foi grande (kappa = 0,62). A concordância das subpopulações extremas entre os ELISAs, foi considerado excelente (kappa = 0,81). No entanto, a concordância foi reduzida entre as subpopulações próximas ao ponto de corte (kappa = 0,11). No presente estudo, apresentamos e discutimos alguns aspectos e diferenças na execução da técnica de ELISA que podem estar envolvidos na discordância entre os resultados encontrados. Salvador

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 268–269 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-05T11:51:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 H. V. Barbosa Jr.pdf: 29467 bytes, checksum: 2730ae647e1121d1c8fc44ac22f7f2b4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva (sivalda@ufba.br) on 2014-02-21T18:52:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 H. V. Barbosa Jr.pdf: 29467 bytes, checksum: 2730ae647e1121d1c8fc44ac22f7f2b4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-21T18:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 H. V. Barbosa Jr.pdf: 29467 bytes, checksum: 2730ae647e1121d1c8fc44ac22f7f2b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 To determine the prevalence and etiologic factors of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, we performed serological surveys in Salvador, the capital of the state, and in two local towns, Santo Amaro and Jequie´. Residents raising free-roaming pigs in the study areas were randomly selected. Sera were obtained from the pigs and examined by the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB). The prevalence of antibodies to T. solium was 4.4% (2 of 45) in Salvador, 3.2% (3 of 93) in Santo Amaro, and 23.5% (24 of 102) in Jequie´. A significantly high seroprevalence in Jequie´ was associated with poor sanitary conditions, such as an open sewer system and no inspection process of pork before marketing.

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 268–269 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-05T11:51:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 H. V. Barbosa Jr.pdf: 29467 bytes, checksum: 2730ae647e1121d1c8fc44ac22f7f2b4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva (sivalda@ufba.br) on 2014-02-21T18:52:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 H. V. Barbosa Jr.pdf: 29467 bytes, checksum: 2730ae647e1121d1c8fc44ac22f7f2b4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-21T18:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 H. V. Barbosa Jr.pdf: 29467 bytes, checksum: 2730ae647e1121d1c8fc44ac22f7f2b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 To determine the prevalence and etiologic factors of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, we performed serological surveys in Salvador, the capital of the state, and in two local towns, Santo Amaro and Jequie´. Residents raising free-roaming pigs in the study areas were randomly selected. Sera were obtained from the pigs and examined by the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB). The prevalence of antibodies to T. solium was 4.4% (2 of 45) in Salvador, 3.2% (3 of 93) in Santo Amaro, and 23.5% (24 of 102) in Jequie´. A significantly high seroprevalence in Jequie´ was associated with poor sanitary conditions, such as an open sewer system and no inspection process of pork before marketing.