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Abstract This study investigates the potential of cobalt ferrite-doped mango seed shell (CoFe2O4-MSS) as an innovative and eco-friendly approach for the treatment of crude oil-polluted water. CoFe2O4-MSS was synthesized by impregnating carbonized mango seed shell with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles through thermal precipitation. The study systematically evaluated the adsorption capacity, kinetics, and isotherm behavior of the developed material using standard equations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the cobalt ferrite-doped mango seed shell in adsorbing crude oil components, with high removal efficiency of 98.3% at 80 °C after 50 min. The crystallite sizes of raw mango seed shell and CoFe2O4-MSS are 31.8 nm and 21.3 nm, respectively. The calculated adsorption capacity stood at 55.50 mg/g, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of CoFe2O4-MSS was 1007.4m2/g with a porosity distribution of 1.685 $$\eta$$ η while the volume and pore diameter are 3.104m3/g and 7.212 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of aliphatic, aromatic, and silicon compounds. The isotherm data matched well with Langmuir isotherm model while kinetic data fitted well with Bhattacharya–Venkobachar model. The unique properties of cobalt ferrite, a magnetic and iron-based material, combined with the abundant and biodegradable nature of mango seed shells, make this composite an attractive adsorbent for removing crude oil contaminants. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and cost-effective solutions for addressing environmental challenges posed by crude oil pollution. Also, this research has contributed immensely to the sustainable development goals of the united nation (UN-SDG) regarding environmental protection.

This research focuses on techno-economic analysis of the statistically optimized biodiesel production using African Pear Seed Oil and activated empty palm fruit bunch biocatalyst to ascertain the viability of producing African pear seed oil methyl ester (APSOME). Central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of the process variables. The acid activated empty palm fruit bunch ash (AAEPFBA) catalyst used was synthesized from waste palm fruit bunch, and modified by adding H3PO4 acid in a ratio of 1:2 (g/ml). The RSM model predicted that the highest conversion yield of APSOME would be 89.3 %. The experiment performed yielded 90.1 %, which is in agreement with the predicted value at the following optimized reaction conditions: reaction temperature of 62.21 °C, time of 3.17 h, 10.2:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 3.18 wt% catalyst concentration, and agitation speed of 326.51 rpm. It was established that the cost of labour will affect the profitability of produced APSOME. The overall result showed that AAEPFBA and APSO raw materials are viable and useful for sustainable biodiesel production.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 poses challenges to medical education. Radiology is remarkably poised for such burdens, given its considerable dependence on various technologies. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate infrastructural and procedural changes in a radiology department (RD) in response to the pandemic and the academic impact these changes generated. Methods: The RD of the UANL sustained significant alterations to maintain its residency program’s integrity. Explored modifications include: Implementing remote learning opportunities, real-time software and technologies, and virtually administered competency evaluations. Results: Despite departmental adaptations, the RD preserved the overall quality of resident education with an increased specialty in June and July of 65.2%. The total number of academic activities more than doubled compared to June and July of 2019. Remote technologies allow for the continuance of medical training and maintained interactions with peers and attending physicians. Conclusion: Radiology training must continue amidst the pandemic. For this to occur, traditional radiology training must change. Interventions must preserve the educational integrity of the residency programs while minimizing risk to trainees. While these changes were necessary to combat viral spread, their proven utility may prompt sustained medical training integration.

The English language teaching learning process in small classes may turn challenging for some teachers but also rewarding because of the results obtained. In our country, the majority of high schools have a big number of students in the English courses and this may be one of the causes for language low achievement. For this reason, this study is aimed at exploring teachers and students' perceptions on the benefits, strategies and resources, students' feelings, and the possible limitations the teaching and learning of English in small classes may yield to promote changes in the number of students in Ecuadorian English classrooms. The findings show that small classes help teachers design, apply activities, use strategies, and resources that make it easier for students to interact, participate, and receive appropriate feedback. Regarding students, they feel relaxed and motivated to learn English among few students; however, the fact that teachers' control of the small class allows them to address students more frequently, make students feel anxious.

Syngeneic (murine) and xenogeneic (canine) marrow-derived stromal cells were injected intravenously into SCID and normal mice to examine the homing pattern and persistence of these cells in vivo. By in situ hybridization, these stromal cells were detectable in the bone marrow cavity and the spleen 21 days after injection. Xenogeneic cells did not persist in normal mice but persisted in SCID mice. Conditioning of the recipients with irradiation or S-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment did not alter these results. In addition, syngeneic murine stromal cells were transfected with the genes for canine MHC class II (DRA + DRB) and transplanted into murine recipients to investigate their homing pattern and immunogenicity. These transfected syngeneic stromal cells did also home to marrow and spleen even in normal recipients. However, these cells led to sensitization of the host towards canine antigens as shown by accelerated skin graft rejection and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Thus, immunodeficient (SCID) mice allow for the homing of xenogeneic stromal cells to hemopoietic organs and for prolonged persistence. In immunocompetent (normal) mice, no xenogeneic stromal cells were identified in spleen and marrow, either because of their inability to home or more likely because of immunological rejection. In contrast, syngeneic stromal cells expressing xenogeneic MHC class II genes did home to spleen and marrow and persisted even though the recipient had become sensitized. Their survival may be due to a loss of expression of the transfected gene. Alternatively, the presentation of these xenogeneic gene products in the hemopoietic organs was such that a cytotoxic response was not induced. These results also show that stromal cells can serve as a vehicle for gene delivery, conceivably with the possibility of organ targeting.

Elevated CO2 (eCO2) experiments provide critical information to quantify the effects of rising CO2 on vegetation1–6. Many eCO2 experiments suggest that nutrient limitations modulate the local magnitude of the eCO2 effect on plant biomass1,3,5, but the global extent of these limitations has not been empirically quantified, complicating projections of the capacity of plants to take up CO27,8. Here, we present a data-driven global quantification of the eCO2 effect on biomass based on 138 eCO2 experiments. The strength of CO2 fertilization is primarily driven by nitrogen (N) in ~65% of global vegetation and by phosphorus (P) in ~25% of global vegetation, with N- or P-limitation modulated by mycorrhizal association. Our approach suggests that CO2 levels expected by 2100 can potentially enhance plant biomass by 12 ± 3% above current values, equivalent to 59 ± 13 PgC. The global-scale response to eCO2 we derive from experiments is similar to past changes in greenness9 and biomass10 with rising CO2, suggesting that CO2 will continue to stimulate plant biomass in the future despite the constraining effect of soil nutrients. Our research reconciles conflicting evidence on CO2 fertilization across scales and provides an empirical estimate of the biomass sensitivity to eCO2 that may help to constrain climate projections.

Research on teaching listening and speaking skills has been conducted at many levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current implementation of classroom and extracurricular activities, as well as the use of educational resources for teaching both skills in public senior high schools in the Amazon region of Ecuador, particularly in the towns of Zamora and Yantzaza. The participants included 188 students between the ages of 15 and 18 years, and 10 English teachers in the area. This study was conducted using a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) approach. The instruments to collect information were students' and teachers' questionnaires, teacher's interviews, and observation sheets. In addition, the Cambridge English Unlimited Placement Test was applied in order to determine the students' English proficiency level of listening and speaking skills. The findings revealed that the completion of exercises based on a listening passage and dialogues were the most frequent activities used by students to practice listening in the classroom; meanwhile, dialogues and repetition drills were the most frequent activities applied to develop speaking. With respect to extracurricular activities, listening to English music with lyrics, watching videos, discussions, and conversations with native speakers were most frequently suggested for enhancing listening and speaking. Among the resources, audio CDs and textbooks were the most frequent aids to prompt listening and speaking activities.

This study investigates the potential of cobalt ferrite-doped mango seed shell (CoFe2O4-MSS) as an innovative and eco-friendly approach for the treatment of crude oil-polluted water. CoFe2O4-MSS was synthesized by impregnating carbonized mango seed shell with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles through thermal precipitation. The study systematically evaluated the adsorption capacity, kinetics, and isotherm behavior of the developed material using standard equations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the cobalt ferrite-doped mango seed shell in adsorbing crude oil components, with high removal efficiency of 98.3% at 80 °C after 50 min. The crystallite sizes of raw mango seed shell and CoFe2O4-MSS are 31.8 nm and 21.3 nm, respectively. The calculated adsorption capacity stood at 55.50 mg/g, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of CoFe2O4-MSS was 1007.4m2/g with a porosity distribution of 1.685 η while the volume and pore diameter are 3.104m3/g and 7.212 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of aliphatic, aromatic, and silicon compounds. The isotherm data matched well with Langmuir isotherm model while kinetic data fitted well with Bhattacharya–Venkobachar model. The unique properties of cobalt ferrite, a magnetic and iron-based material, combined with the abundant and biodegradable nature of mango seed shells, make this composite an attractive adsorbent for removing crude oil contaminants. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and cost-effective solutions for addressing environmental challenges posed by crude oil pollution. Also, this research has contributed immensely to the sustainable development goals of the united nation (UN-SDG) regarding environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capulin fruit (Conostegia xalapensis) is a seasonal wild berry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory acceptance and physicochemical characteristics of yogurt with the incorporation of capulin at different concentrations (2, 4, and 6%). The fruits were dehydrated at three different temperatures (40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C), and flour was prepared as raw material for microbiological and physicochemical characterization. The moisture (9.05%), ash (4.24%), fat (3.7%), carbohydrates (7.2%), protein (6.9%), and fiber (13.1%) were determined. The pH, viscosity, syneresis, water holding capacity, and microbial counts were determined. The acceptability of yogurt was determined through a sensory evaluation with 100 semi-trained judges using a 9-point hedonic test. The results showed a significant difference between the yogurt containing 4 and 6% capulin fruit and the yogurt with the greatest acceptability containing 2% capulin fruit. The pH was within the range of values recommended for commercial yogurt. Likewise, the proximate of capulin fruit was higher than those reported by other authors who have conducted studies with blueberries or wild peas, making capulin jelly an efficient supplement to naturally color fruit yogurt. The incorporation of capulin-based jelly, as we discovered, holds promise as a potential food alternative and a viable substitute for artificial coloring. This finding could have significant implications for the food industry, offering a natural and healthier option.