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Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo de fluoroscopia intraoperatória em osteossínteses com haste intramedular das fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e/ou tíbia. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, através de estudo dos prontuários de pacientes admitidos com fraturas na região diafisária da tíbia e/ou do fêmur e submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com haste intramedular. Resultados: O tempo médio de fluoroscopia por procedimento foi de 239 ± 157 segundos. A comparação do tempo de fluoroscopia entre tipos de cirurgia indicou a haste retrógrada de fêmur como menor necessidade de imagens fluoroscópicas (p

Introduction: Due to the aging of the population, nursing processes have been adapted to these patients, who require a high level of care and guidance. Objective: Analyzing the degree of dependence on nursing care by elderly patients (65 years or older) with femur fractures. Materials and Methods: retrospective, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a private hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. According to the Patient Classification System (PCS), the sample comprehends 41 patients, analyzed epidemiological data and degree of dependence Study of nursing care during hospitalization, environment of hospitalization, and discharge. Results: Composed of 41 patients, mean age of 84 years and female predominance (75.61%). Concerning fractures, there was a greater occurrence due to falls from standing height and a predominance of neck fractures, with an average time until surgery of less than 16 hours. Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus were predominant. The average of the PCS estimates presented 24.26 in the 1st, 26.12 in the 2nd, and 26.24 in the 3rd. The length of hospital stay was 7 days and no deaths were reported. Discussion: The findings on sociodemographic data, reasons for falls, location, comorbidities, degree of dependence, and length of hospital stay are similar to those available in databases. They differ, in better quality, under time until surgery and clinical. Conclusions: The study presents specific knowledge to carry out the care of the intrahospital nursing process, thus allowing the systematization of the team's assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fractures of the femoral neck in children are rare, corresponding to approximately 1% of fractures in childhood. Aim: To describe a series of ten patients with fractures of the proximal femur, treated between 2011 and 2022, relating the mechanism of trauma, the type of fracture, its form of treatment and the evolution of possible complications. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, with ages ranging from zero to sixteen years, pathological fractures not being included in the study, each fracture being classified by Delbet. Results: The total rate of complications reached 50%. The mean age was 8.9 years, both sides being equally affected. Type II fractures by Delbet were the most common, followed by type III and less frequent by types I and IV. The complications observed were avascular necrosis of the head, dysmetria, pseudarthrosis, premature closure of the physis and loss of reduction requiring a new approach. Conclusion: The authors call attention to the rarity of fractures, however, with a high rate of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physiotherapy Research / Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia is the property of Journal of Physiotherapy Research / Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to determine the incidence and associated factors of surgical site infection in femoral osteosynthesis in a philanthropic hospital unit in the interior of Minas Gerais - Brazil. Method: crosssectional, descriptive, retrospective study conducted from February 2, 2017, to March 31, 2019. Data were extracted from medical records and health care-related infection notification forms. Results: the incidence of surgical site infections was 5.5%. 46.7% of the patients were readmitted, 26.7% had surgical debridement and the mean length of stay was 13.5±6.2 days. No deaths were reported. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was observed in 80% of the patients. Conclusion: the study contributed to the generation of health and evaluation indicators that provided the tracking of surgical site infections and active surveillance for the construction of strategies to prevent institutional adverse events.

Aim: this study aims to know the characteristics of elderly people hospitalized for femoral fracture and extrinsic factors related to accidents due to falls. Method: this is a crosssectional and descriptive study, carried out from February 2012 to February 2013, with 108 elderly patients hospitalized due to a femoral fracture in a medium-sized hospital in Pelotas city. The variables of socioeconomic and demographic data were analysed in relation to the extrinsic factors of falls in the elderly population. Results: most of the interviewees were retired, widowed, literate, and suffered a fractured femur due to the fall in their own homes. Most of the houses did not have adaptations inside and the available rugs were not non-slip. Conclusions: the findings show that accidents due to falls can be avoided with simple measures; however an evaluation of the elderly and of the environment in which they live is necessary, identifying the risks for falls.

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Analizar los factores que interfieren en el resultado de la internación de ancianos con fractura de fémur. Método: Transversal, exploratorio, documental, población de ancianos (≥60 años) entre 2015 y 2017, del norte de Paraná. Fueron aplicados análisis bivariados de asociaciones y distribución de frecuencia. Resultados: Fueron analizadas 189 historias clínicas, 132 (69,9%) ancianos desarrollaron morbilidades en ámbito hospitalario. El hallazgo de infección urinaria, sepsis, neumonía, lesión por presión y la presencia de dos o más comorbilidades fueron asociadas al desenlace de óbito y a tiempo de hospitalización superior a 10 días p

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O manejo perioperatório das fraturas de fêmur em pacientes idosos tem sido estudado com o intuito de determinar causas modificáveis de complicações e óbito. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar taxa de mortalidade e suas causas na população idosa com fraturas de fêmur. Avaliamos também complicações perioperatórias e sua associação com mortalidade pós‐operatória. Neste estudo prospectivo e observacional, avaliamos 182 pacientes, por questionário e prontuário eletrônico, desde o momento da internação até um ano após a cirurgia. Análises estatísticas pelo modelo multivariado de riscos proporcionais de Cox e curvas de Kaplan‐Meier foram feitas para detectar fatores independentes de mortalidade. Cinquenta e seis pacientes (30,8%) obituaram em até um ano de pós‐operatório, sendo que a principal causa determinada de óbito foi infecção seguida de choque séptico. A principal complicação, tanto pré quanto pós‐operatória, foi distúrbio hidroeletrolítico. Para cada aumento de uma unidade (em ano) na idade, a razão de chance de vir a óbito aumentou em 4%. A cada nova complicação pré‐operatória apresentada, a razão de chance de óbito aumentou em 28%. Os pacientes ASA III ou IV apresentaram razão de chance de óbito, em um ano, 95% maior do que aqueles ASA I ou II. O aumento da idade e do número de complicações pré‐operatórias, além da classificação de ASA III ou IV, foram fatores independentes de risco aumentado de óbito na população estudada. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 30,8%, sendo que a infecção seguida de choque séptico foi a principal causa determinada de óbito. Perioperative management of femoral fractures in elderly patients has been studied to determine modifiable causes of complications and death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mortality rate and its causes in the elderly population with FF. We also evaluated perioperative complications and their association with postoperative mortality. In this prospective and observational study, we evaluated 182 patients, by questionnaire and electronic medical record, from the moment of hospitalization to one year after surgery. Statistical analyzes using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan‐Meier curves were performed to detect independent mortality factors. Fifty‐six patients (30.8%) died within one year after surgery, and the main cause of death was infection followed by septic shock. The main complication, both preoperatively and postoperatively, was hydroelectrolytic disorder. For every one‐unit (one‐year) increase in age, the odds ratio for death increased by 4%. With each new preoperative complication, the odds ratio for death increased by 28%. Patients ASA III or IV had a 95% higher odds ratio for death than patiets ASA I or II. Increasing age and number of preoperative complications, in addition to ASA classification III or IV, were independent factors of increased risk of death in the population studied. The mortality rate was 30.8%, and infection followed by septic shock was the leading cause of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Proximal femoral nails with a helical blade are a new generation of implants used for treating transtrochanteric fractures. The blade design provides rotational and angular stability for the fracture. Despite greater biomechanical resistance, they sometimes present complications. In the literature, there are some reports of cases of perforation of the femoral head caused by helical blades. Here, a clinical case of medial migration of the helical blade through the femoral head and acetabulum into the pelvic cavity is presented.

INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento crescente da população e a necessária gestão de doentes cada vez mais complexos numa sociedade onde se esperam melhores resultados do ponto de vista custo-efetividade tem exigido aos serviços de saúde uma visão necessariamente mais multidisciplinar das especialidades. MÉTODOS: Neste artigo apresenta-se uma breve casuística de três meses da articulação direta diária entre ortopedistas e internistas, assentes numa prestação de cuidados integrados aos doentes internados por causas ortopédicas mas com necessidade de gestão de comorbilidades e/ou intercorrências significativas. Aborda-se ainda o protocolo das fraturas proximais do fémur criado por uma equipa de trabalho interdisciplinar no sentido de prestar melhores cuidados a uma situação ortopédica associada a considerável morbimortalidade. RESULTADOS: Na maioria dos casos os doentes estavam internados em contexto de patologia traumática e foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Destacaram-se a elevada faixa etária, a diversidade de comorbilidades, o número importante de infeções nosocomiais e a necessidade de gestão médica multidisciplinar. A maioria dos doentes exigiu acompanhamento regular. CONCLUSÃO: A perceção de doentes com elevado número de comorbilidades e outras entidades nosológicas a par do problema ortopédico salienta a necessidade de um acompanhamento mais holístico, onde certamente a Medicina Interna pode exercer um papel fundamental.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze infections of the surgical site among patients undergoing clean-wound surgery for correction of femoral fractures. METHODS: This was a historical cohort study developed in a large-sized hospital in Belo Horizonte. Data covering the period from July 2007 to July 2009 were gathered from the records in electronic medical files, relating to the characteristics of the patients, surgical procedures and surgical infections. The risk factors for infection were identified by means of statistical tests on bilateral hypotheses, taking the significance level to be 5%. Continuous variables were evaluated using Student'sttest. Categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, when necessary. For each factor under analysis, a point estimate and the 95% confidence interval for the relative risk were obtained. In the final stage of the study, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: 432 patients who underwent clean-wound surgery for correcting femoral fractures were included in this study. The rate of incidence of surgical site infections was 4.9% and the risk factors identified were the presence of stroke (odds ratio, OR = 5.0) and length of preoperative hospital stay greater than four days (OR = 3.3). CONCLUSION: To prevent surgical site infections in operations for treating femoral fractures, measures involving assessment of patients' clinical conditions by a multiprofessional team, reduction of the length of preoperative hospital stay and prevention of complications resulting from infections will be necessary.

ABSTRACT The causal relationship between chronic use of bisphosphonates and occurrences of atypical femoral fractures has not yet been established. Nonetheless, it is known that their chronic use is more related to fractures with a pattern differing from that of classical osteoporotic fractures. Atypical fractures are still rare events and the benefit from using bisphosphonates remains greater for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. There are few studies guiding the diagnosis and management of these fractures, thus making it difficult to achieve better results. In this report, we present the case of an elderly patient with an atypical femoral fracture that was managed in accordance with guidance from the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of death and readmission of a cohort of elderly patients discharged after hip fracture treatment from hospitals of the public health system; to describe the causes of these events; and to compare the rates of readmission and death observed with those of the elderly population hospitalized in public hospitals of Rio de Janeiro city.METHODS: Data on deaths and readmissions were obtained through the linkage of these two data sources: the Hospital Information System of the Sistema Único de Saúde and the Mortality Information System from the city of Rio de Janeiro. The time frame for the study was 2008 to 2011. The population consisted of 2,612 individuals aged 60 years or older with nonelective hospitalization for hip fracture who were followed for a year after discharge.RESULTS: The readmission rate in one year, excluding the deaths in this period, was 17.8%, and the death rate was 18.6%. The most common causes of death were circulatory system diseases (29.5%). Approximately 15% of the causes of readmissions were surgical complications. The state hospitals showed lower readmission risks and higher death risks compared with the federal and municipal hospitals. It was observed that there is an excess risk of readmission and hospitalization of the study population compared with the elderly population hospitalized in the public hospitals of the city.CONCLUSION: Hospitalization of elderly individuals for hip fracture causes adverse outcomes such as readmissions and deaths. Many of these outcomes can be prevented from actions recommended in the National Policy for the Elderly Health.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum vitamin D concentration is associated with gait status and mortality among patients with fractures of the proximal femur, six months after suffering the fracture.METHODS: Consecutive patients aged ≥65 years with fractures of the proximal femur, who were admitted to the orthopedics and traumatology ward of our service between January and December 2011, were prospectively evaluated. Clinical, radiological, epidemiological and laboratory analyses were performed, including vitamin D. The patients underwent surgery and were followed up as outpatients, with return visits 15, 30, 60 and 180 days after discharge, at which the outcomes of gait and mortality were evaluated.RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were evaluated. Two of them were excluded because they presented oncological fractures. Thus, 86 patients of mean age 80.2 ± 7.3 years were studied. In relation to serum vitamin D, the mean was 27.8 ± 14.5 ng/mL, and 33.7% of the patients presented deficiency of this vitamin. In relation to gait, univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed that vitamin D deficiency was not associated with gait recovery, even after adjustment for gender, age and type of fracture (OR: 1.463; 95% CI: 0.524-4.088; p = 0.469). Regarding mortality, Cox regression analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was not related to its occurrence within six months, even in multivariate analysis (HR: 0.627; 95% CI: 0.180-2.191; p = 0.465).CONCLUSION: Serum vitamin D concentration was not related to gait status and/or mortality among patients with fractures of the proximal femur, six months after suffering the fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tip-apex distance (TAD), cervicodiaphyseal angle and Garden angle in stable and unstable extracapsular fractures of the femur treated with a plate and sliding screw.METHOD: Hip radiographs in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view on 117 patients were evaluated. The fractures were classified as stable or unstable, using the AO classification, and the reduction achieved was assessed in accordance with the following criteria: TAD > 3 cm; Garden alignment index (AP) < 160°; and AP cervicodiaphyseal varus angle < 125°. When two or more criteria were present, the quality of the osteosynthesis was classified as "not ideal".RESULTS: The patients with unstable fractures presented AP cervicodiaphyseal angles that were significantly greater (p = 0.05) than in those with stable fractures. The patients with unstable fractures presented lateral cervicodiaphyseal angles that were significantly smaller (p = 0.05) than in those with stable fractures. There were no significant differences in the remainder of the criteria evaluated.CONCLUSION: This study did not find any significant differences in the measurements evaluated, except in relation to the cervicodiaphyseal angle. Satisfactory reduction was achieved both for the stable and for the unstable fractures, when we used a plate and sliding screw to treat proximal extracapsular fractures of the femur.

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Objective: To assess the ten-year risk of hip and osteoporotic fracture in home care patients using the FRAX® tool. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study including patients aged = 40 and = 90 years and receiving home care from a private provider. The risk of fracture was calculated using an online calculator. High risk was defined as risk of hip fracture greater than 3% or risk of osteoporotic fracture greater than 20%. Data were expressed as absolute number (n), relative frequency (%), mean, standard deviation (±) and probability value (p). Results: Eighty-three (37.7%) out of 222 patients were at high risk of fracture. Of these, 81 (36.7%) were at high risk of hip fracture, as follows: 18 patients aged 70-80 years (17 female) and 63 patients aged 80-90 years (51 female). High risk of osteoporotic fracture was limited to two female patients (0.1%) aged over 80 years. Conclusion: FRAX® analysis revealed similar fracture risks in the sample and the older adult population overall. Prospective investigation of fracture rates in home care patients, identification of true risk factors and construction of a home care patient-specific clinical score are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: this study aims to know the characteristics of elderly people hospitalized for femoral fracture and extrinsic factors related to accidents due to falls. Method: this is a crosssectional and descriptive study, carried out from February 2012 to February 2013, with 108 elderly patients hospitalized due to a femoral fracture in a medium-sized hospital in Pelotas city. The variables of socioeconomic and demographic data were analysed in relation to the extrinsic factors of falls in the elderly population. Results: most of the interviewees were retired, widowed, literate, and suffered a fractured femur due to the fall in their own homes. Most of the houses did not have adaptations inside and the available rugs were not non-slip. Conclusions: the findings show that accidents due to falls can be avoided with simple measures; however an evaluation of the elderly and of the environment in which they live is necessary, identifying the risks for falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo - O excesso de veículos circulantes tem como consequência o aumento de acidentes automobilísticos. Desta forma, este índice se tornou uma preocupação, devido ao tempo de reabilitação e reinserção social do indivíduo. É comum em acidentes ocorrerem casos de fratura, de forma que nem sempre, a consolidação acontece de maneira adequada. Com isso, em toda falha na fusão óssea, a etiologia pode apresentar diversos fatores como causa, de uma patologia denominada como Pseudoartrose. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso desta doença: paciente do sexo masculino, 23 anos, com a aquisição de politraumatismo, ocasionando fratura diafisária em terço distal de fêmur direito. Como intervenção, foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico tardio e implantação de placa de compressão. Após o ato cirúrgico foi observada a não consolidação óssea devido à ausência de repouso do paciente no pós-operatório, apresentando então um prognóstico desfavorável, havendo a necessidade de troca da osteossíntese. A nova abordagem escolhida para o caso foi a implantação de osteossíntese com estabilidade absoluta, mais conhecida como Illizarov. Palavras-chave: Pseudoartrose; Fraturas do Fêmur; Ferimentos; Lesões. Área do Conhecimento: Fisioterapia

Fraturas de fêmur em pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos (idosos) representam um grande impacto para a saúde pública, e estão associadas à elevada morbimortalidade e grandes custos socioeconômicos. Buscou-se descrever temporal e espacialmente os casos de fratura de fêmur em idosos de todas as regiões do país, por sexo, em um período de cinco anos. Foram realizadas descrições de série temporal e espacial bayesiana, baseadas em dados obtidos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS), empregando modelo de regressão de Poisson, sobre os casos ocorridos entre os anos de 2008-2012. No período estudado ocorreram mais de 181 mil casos de fratura de fêmur, predominando o sexo feminino, sem correlações espaciais e diferenças temporais importantes. Apesar de não se observar predomínio de comportamento temporal e espacial, o número de casos de fratura de fêmur no Brasil é alto e com grandes custos financeiros e sociais. Políticas públicas de saúde visando a controlar os fatores predisponentes para esse evento devem ser urgentemente implementadas.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of fractures of the vertebral bodies in patients with femur proximal third fracture. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital de Clínicas, Unicamp, SP, Brazil, between May and December 2012, which referred the patients with proximal femur fracture to radiographs of the spine. Fractures were evaluated according to number, severity and localization, applying the Genant index. RESULTS: Of the 15 subjects who completed the study, 14 had fractures of the vertebral bodies. The most commonly affected level was T8. There was no increased prevalence of fractures at the apex of the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. CONCLUSION: There is strong epidemiological association between femur proximal third fractures and fractures of vertebral bodies caused by insufficiency.

A fasciíte necrosante é uma rara e potencialmente letal infecção de partes moles. A seguir, descreveremos o caso de uma paciente portadora de fratura transtrocantérica do fêmur que evoluiu com fasciíte necrosante após a osteossíntese da fratura. Uma revisão da literatura acerca do tema será abordada.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVEFemoral fractures are common in children between 2 and 12 years of age, and 75% of the lesions affect the femoral shaft. Traction followed by a plaster cast is universally accepted as conservative treatment. However, in some situations, a surgical approach is recommended. The objective here was to compare treatments for femoral shaft fractures using intramedullary nails (titanium elastic nails, TEN) versus traction and plaster casts in children. The hypothesis was that TEN might provide better treatment, with good clinical results in comparison with plaster casts.DESIGN AND SETTINGThis retrospective comparative study was conducted in a public university hospital.METHODSSixty children with femoral fractures were evaluated; 30 of them underwent surgical treatment with TEN and 30 were treated conservatively using plaster casts. The patients' ages ranged from 5 to 13 years (mean of 9 years).RESULTSThe mean duration of hospitalization was nine days for the surgical group and 20 days for the conservative group. The incidence of overgrowth in the patients treated with TEN was 60.0% and, for those treated conservatively, 13.3%. Partial weight-bearing was allowed after 3.5 weeks in the surgical group and after 9.6 weeks in the conservative group. New hospitalization was required for 90.0% in the surgical group and 16.7% in the conservative group. Patients treated with plaster casts presented higher incidence of complications, such as loss of reduction.CONCLUSIONSThe surgical method presented better results for children.CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOFraturas femorais são comuns em crianças entre 2 e 12 anos de idade, e 75% das lesões acometem a diáfise. Tração seguida de aparelho gessado (“gesso”) é universalmente aceita como tratamento conservador. Entretanto, em algumas situações o tratamento cirúrgico é recomendado. O objetivo foi comparar o tratamento de fraturas diafisárias do fêmur com hastes intramedulares (titanium elastic nails, TEN) com tração e gesso em crianças. A hipótese era de que TEN pode ser melhor tratamento, com bons resultados clínicos em comparação com o gesso.TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCALEste estudo retrospectivo e comparativo foi conduzido num hospital público universitário.MÉTODOSSessenta crianças com fraturas de fêmur foram avaliadas, 30 delas foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico com TEN e 30 foram tratadas de forma conservadora usando gesso. A idade dos pacientes variou de 5 a 13 anos (média de 9 anos).RESULTADOSO tempo médio de internação foi de 9 dias para o grupo cirúrgico e 20 dias para o grupo conservador. A incidência de crescimento excessivo nos pacientes tratados com TEN foi de 60,0% e, para aqueles tratados de forma conservadora, 13,3%. Sustentação parcial de peso foi permitida após 3,5 semanas no grupo cirúrgico e após 9,6 semanas no grupo conservador. Houve 90,0% de novas internações no grupo cirúrgico e 16,7% no grupo conservador. Pacientes tratados com gesso apresentaram maior incidência de complicações, tais como perda de redução.CONCLUSÃOO método cirúrgico apresentou melhores resultados para as crianças.

As fraturas diafisárias do fêmur são frequentemente graves e decorrem de acidentes de alta energia, que podem acometer outros órgãos. A melhor abordagem terapêutica para as fraturas diafisárias do fêmur é eminentemente cirúrgica. Na atualidade, muitos ortopedistas e traumatologistas preferem a opção terapêutica por hastes intramedular, que é um dos exemplos de fixação biológica, que, por apresentar um procedimento com técnica cirúrgica simples e padronizada, contribui para uma melhor estabilização das fraturas com um mínimo de manipulação dos fragmentos, a fim de manter sua vascularização, menores danos aos tecidos moles e o potencial de consolidação ser maior e permitindo, assim, uma carga precoce. No entanto, isto não a isenta de complicações, sendo a infecção pós-operatória a mais temida. Objetivo: Analisar as publicações científicas sobre as complicações que mais acometem os pacientes submetidos a esta técnica cirúrgica. Metodologia: Revisão da literatura através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, localizada através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) Resultado: Foram avaliados 20 artigos científicos e, observamos um total de 326 pacientes, nos quais encontramos 215 complicações. Destas complicações, a anisomelia tem uma maior incidência (50,70%); falha na consolidação vem em seguida (17,21%); infecção de partes moles (6,98%); limitação do arco do movimento do joelho (5,58%); desvio rotacional (4,65%); desvio angular (4,19%); inserção da haste na bursa (2,33%); embolia gordurosa (1,86%); pneumonia (1,40%), dor (0,93%), infecção da ferida operatória (0,93%) e embolia pulmonar (0,93%), osteomielite (0,47%), necrose epifisária (0,47%), TVP (0,47%), insuficiência respiratória (0,47%) e perfuração do córtex do colo femural (0,47%). Considerações finais: Foi observado um número muito reduzido nas complicações com esta técnica, não considerando qualquer outro fator que venha a desencadeála. Nas próximas pesquisas, deverão ser analisados se estes valores são referentes a técnica realizada ou a diminuição dos fatores de risco para a realização do procedimento cirúrgico.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as indicações, epidemiologia, lesões associadas, complicações e prognóstico das fraturas diafisárias instáveis do fêmur na criança tratadas com hastes intramedulares elásticas de titânio. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo composto por 24 pacientes com fraturas diafisárias instáveis do fêmur com idade entre cinco e 12 anos, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com hastes intramedulares elásticas de titânio no Hospital Universitário Cajuru - Curitiba, PR. Pacientes atendidos no período de abril de 2002 a março de 2008, com seguimento mínimo de 36 meses, submetidos à avaliação de dados epidemiológicos, desvios angulares, encurtamento e consolidação óssea. RESULTADOS: Foram reavaliados os prontuários de 113 casos operados de abril de 2002 a março de 2008, destes, incluídos no estudo 24 casos com fraturas de fêmur diafisárias instáveis tratadas com hastes intramedulares elásticas de titânio com inserção retrógrada. Apresentando duas fraturas bilaterais, duas fraturas expostas, sete pacientes do sexo feminino e 17 masculinos, com idade média de 8,3 anos. Apresentaram, ao final do estudo: encurtamento, desvios em varo ou valgo, retrocurvato ou antecurvato final igual a zero, não havendo ainda presença de retardo de consolidação ou pseudartrose. CONCLUSÕES: As hastes intramedulares elásticas de titânio são de fácil colocação e remoção. Consideramos a utilização das hastes intramedulares elásticas de titânio uma boa opção para a fixação de fraturas instáveis do fêmur em crianças.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the indications, epidemiology, associated lesions, complications and prognosis among children with unstable femoral diaphysis fractures who were treated with titanium elastic intramedullary nails. METHOD: This was a retrospective analysis on 24 patients aged 5-12 years with unstable femoral diaphysis fractures who underwent surgical treatment with elastic titanium intramedullary nails at the Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba-PR between April 2002 and March 2008, with a minimum follow-up of 36 months. The epidemiological data, angular deviations, leg shortening and bone consolidation were evaluated. RESULTS: The medical files of 113 cases operated between April 2002 and March 2008 were reassessed. From these, 24 cases of unstable femoral diaphysis fractures treated with elastic titanium intramedullary nails with retrograde insertion were included in the study. There were two bilateral fractures and two exposed fractures. Seven patients were female and 17 were male, and the mean age was 8.3 years. The following were presented at the end of the study: shortening, varus or valgus displacement, final retrocurvatum or antecurvatum of zero, and absence of delayed consolidation or pseudarthrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The elastic titanium intramedullary nails were easily placed and removed. We believe that using elastic titanium intramedullary nails is a good option for fixation of unstable femoral fractures in children.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características pessoais, das fraturas e do tratamento e suas complicações em pacientes com fraturas femorais diafisárias pediátricas atendidos no Serviço de Ortopedia Pediátrica do Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo e transversal com população composta por pacientes com fraturas diafisárias de fêmur, com idade entre o nascimento e 14 anos e 11 meses, divididos em quatro grupos etários. As informações foram obtidas nos prontuários e transferidas para o questionário de pesquisa que apresentava variáveis pessoais, das fraturas e do tratamento e suas complicações. RESULTADOS: A população do estudo foi composta por 96 pacientes. A média de idade encontrada foi de 6,8 anos. Houve predomínio no sexo masculino, fratura fechada, lado direito, 1/3 médio e traço simples. Quanto à etiologia das fraturas, houve predomínio na amostra global de acidentes de trânsito. A maioria dos pacientes (74-77,1%) apresentou fratura de fêmur como lesão isolada. Houve predomínio do tratamento conservador na faixa etária menor que seis anos e do tratamento cirúrgico na faixa etária de seis anos a 14 anos e 11 meses. As complicações observadas até a união óssea foram: discrepância, infecção e limitação de movimento. O tempo médio de consolidação foi de 9,6 ± 2,4 semanas, variando com a idade. CONCLUSÃO: As características das fraturas estudadas foram semelhantes às citadas na literatura e o tratamento empregado apresentou bom resultado. O Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão (HIJG) tem utilizado o tratamento proposto pela literatura nas fraturas femorais diafisárias pediátricas.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the personal, fracture, treatment and complication characteristics among patients with pediatric femoral shaft fractures attended at the pediatric orthopedic service of the Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on a population consisting of patients with femoral shaft fractures, aged between birth and 14 years and 11 months, who were divided into four age groups. Information was obtained from medical records and was transferred to a survey questionnaire to present personal, fracture, treatment and complication variables. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 96 patients. Their mean age was 6.8 years. The cases were predominantly among males, comprising closed fractures on the right side, in the middle third with a single line. Regarding fracture etiology, traffic accidents predominated overall in the sample. Most of the patients (74 to 77.1%) presented femoral fractures as their only injury. Conservative treatment predominated in the group younger than six years of age, and surgical treatment in the group aged 6 to 14 years and 11 months. The complications observed until bone union were: discrepancy, infection and movement limitation. The mean time taken for consolidation was 9.6 ± 2.4 weeks, varying with age. CONCLUSION: The features of these fractures were similar to those described in the literature and the treatment used showed good results. The Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital has used the treatment proposed in the literature for pediatric femoral shaft fractures.

O Sistema MINUS foi desenvolvido para ser um procedimento minimamente invasivo que usa implante cefalodiafisarioextramedular para o tratamento das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur no idoso. O implante é constituído por um parafuso deslizante acoplado a uma placa adaptados para a técnica minimamente invasiva. O acesso cirúrgico tem aproximadamente três centímetros de extensão localizado na face lateral do quadril, abaixo da projeção do pequeno trocanter. Utiliza-se instrumental perfeitamente adaptado para o procedimento que necessita também do uso do intensificador de imagem, reduzindo assim o tempo cirúrgico e a taxa de sangramento. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um novo instrumental e implante, desenvolvido especificamente para o tratamento com técnica minimamente invasiva reduzindo a extensão do acesso cirúrgico convencional de 10 para três centímetros. Este novo implante recebeu o nome comercial de Sistema MINUS.The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a consolidação de pseudoartrose transtrocanteriana tratada com osteotomia de valgização subtrocantérica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de série de casos. No período de setembro de 1998 a janeiro de 2009 foram reoperados no Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Geral de Goiânia (HGG), pelo grupo de quadril, 17 pacientes com diagnóstico de não consolidação de fratura transtrocanteriana. Apresentavam dor no local da fratura, ângulo de varismo do fêmur menor ou igual a 120° e não consolidação da fratura no terceiro mês do primeiro pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com idade variando entre 30 e 73 anos, com seguimento máximo de nove anos e mínimo de um ano. O tempo médio entre a primeira cirurgia e a osteotomia de correção foi de seis meses. A consolidação foi evidenciada em 16 pacientes. A média de consolidação foi de 12 semanas de pós-operatório. O ângulo de varização pré-operatório do quadril foi calculado e sua média foi de 105 º de varo, sendo o maior 120 º e o menor 90 º. O ângulo da valgização pós-operatório foi calculado e sua média foi de 144 º de valgo, sendo o maior de 155 º e o menor de 135 º. Tivemos um caso de insucesso: paciente de 78 anos, que realizou a osteotomia, fixada com DHS de 150 º, com valgização para 154 º, após seis meses de acompanhamento sem consolidação da fratura, foi optado por uma artroplastia total de quadril cimentada, sem intercorrências. CONCLUSÃO: As osteotomias valgizantes subtrocantéricas podem ser indicadas para o tratamento das pseudoartroses em fraturas transtrocantéricas, com bons resultados finais de consolidação, evitando a substituição protética e mantendo uma fixação biológica, além de restabelecer o eixo mecânico e anatômico do membro acometido.OBJECTIVES: to evaluate valgus subtrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of trochanteric non-union. METHODS: A retrospective study of cases series. From 1998 September to 2009 January, seventeen (17) cases with a diagnosis of non-union of trochanteric fracture were re-operated by the hip group of the Ortophaedic And Traumatology service of the Hospital Geral de Goiania (HGG). The patients presented pain at the fracture site, a femoral varus angle of less than 120°, and non-union of the fracture in the 3rd months after the initial surgery. RESULTS: Patients with ages ranging from 30 to 73 years, with a maximum follow-up of 09 years and minimum of 09 years. The mean time from first surgery to osteotomy was six months. Bone union was observed in 16 patients, with a mean union time of 12 weeks after surgery. The mean hip varus angle was 105(0) (120(0) to 90(0)). After surgery, the mean hip valgus angle was 144(0) (155(0) to 135(0)). We had one unsuccessful case; a 78-year old patient who had osteogtomy, fixed with DHS of 150(0), with valgization to 154(0). After six months of follow-up without union of the fracture, it was decided to perform total cemented hip artroplasthy, without complications. CONCLUSION: Valgus subtrochanteric osteotomies can be indicated for the treatment of trochanteric treatment of pseudoarthroses, with good final results for bone union, avoiding the need for total hip artroplasthy and maintaining biological fixation, as well as reestablishing the mechanical and anatomical axis of the affected limb.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se existe correlação entre parâmetros radiográficos da anatomia da região proximal do fêmur e a ocorrência de fraturas. MÉTODOS: Trezentas e cinco radiografias digitais da bacia foram analisadas na incidência ântero-posterior. Destas radiografias, vinte e sete apresentavam fratura do colo femoral ou transtrocantérica. Os parâmetros anatômicos analisados foram: Largura do colo femoral (LCF), comprimento do colo femoral (CCF), comprimento do eixo femoral (CEF), ângulo cérvico-diafisário (ACD), distância entre as lágrimas acetabulares (DLA) e a distância grande trocânter- sínfise púbica (DGTSP).Foram analisadas, comparativamente, as radiografias com e sem fratura da região proximal do fêmur, para verificar se existem parâmetros radiográficos que estão associados com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de fratura do colo femoral ou transtrocantérica. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada diferença entre os parâmetros anatômicos dos grupos com e sem fratura na região proximal do fêmur. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi encontrada nenhuma associação entre alterações anatômicas na região proximal do fêmur e maior susceptibilidade à ocorrência de fraturas. Nível de evidência IV, Estudo Transversal.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between radiographic parameters of the proximal femur anatomy and fractures. METHODS: Three hundred and five digital x-rays of the pelvis were analyzed in the anteroposterior view. Of these x-rays, twenty-seven showed femoral neck or transtrochanteric fractures. The anatomical parameters analyzed were: femoral neck width (FNW), femoral neck length (FNL), femoral axis length (FAL), cervicodiaphyseal angle (CDA), acetabular tear-drop distance (ATD) and great trochanter-pubic symphysis distance (GTPSD). The analysis was performed by comparing the results of the x-rays with and without proximal femoral fracture, to establish a correlation between them. RESULTS: No differences were found between the anatomical parameters of the groups with and without proximal femoral fracture. CONCLUSION: There was no association between anatomical changes in the proximal femur and greater susceptibility to fractures. Level of evidence IV, Cross-sectional Study.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo primário do estudo é analisar a possível associação entre o atraso para a realização do tratamento cirúrgico e mortalidade em pacientes idosos com fratura da extremidade proximal do fêmur. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 269 pacientes com fraturas da extremidade proximal do fêmur (fraturas do colo do fêmur e fraturas intertrocanterianas), tratadas cirurgicamente no Hospital São Paulo - Unifesp-SP, no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2007. Foram analisados e comparados com a literatura referente ao assunto os seguintes atributos: sexo, idade, tipo de fratura, classificação da mesma, lado acometido, síntese utilizada, mecanismo de trauma, tempo de internação, tempo para cirurgia, comorbidades associadas, hemograma de entrada, tipo de anestesia, necessidade de transfusão sanguínea, dia da semana e estação do ano da fratura. RESULTADOS: O estudo apresentou correlação entre maior número de comorbidades clínicas, maior tempo de internação e utilização de anestesia geral na cirurgia com maior mortalidade dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre tempo para realização da cirurgia e mortalidade.OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to analyze the possible association between delay in receiving surgical treatment and mortality among elderly patients with fractures at the proximal end of the femur. METHODS: 269 patients with fractures at the proximal end of the femur (femur neck and intertrochanteric fractures) who were treated surgically at Hospital São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, between January 2003 and December 2007, were studied. Sex, age, type of fracture, classification of the fracture, affected side, synthesis used, trauma mechanism, length of hospitalization, length of surgery, associated comorbidities, hemogram at admission, type of anesthesia, need for blood transfusion, day of the week and season of the year of the fracture were analyzed and compared with the literature relating to this subject. RESULTS: The study showed that higher mortality correlated with higher numbers of clinical comorbidities, longer hospitalization and use of general anesthesia during the surgery. CONCLUSION: There was no association between the time spent waiting for surgery and mortality.