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This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of nanocellulose biofilter (NCB) made from pineapple peel waste to reduce the number of microbes in water. Further processing of cellulose from nata de pina into nano size was proposed, then transformed into a filter membrane. Three types of NCB were developed: bacterial cellulose acetate membrane, bacterial cellulose acetate membrane with TiO2 treatment, and bacterial cellulose acetate membrane with TiO2 and graphite nanoplatelet treatment. These NCBs were used to filter microbes in several water sources in Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The filtering process was carried out using a filter holder where the NCB had been installed. The number of microbes contained in the water, including E. Coli, was determined before and after filtering. As a result, all NCBs reduced the total microbes in water by about 50%. Furthermore, when applied to water pollutant bacteria, E. Coli, all prepared NCBs reduced them by more than 90%. The effectiveness of all NCBs to remove microbes’ contamination, especially bacteria, looks very promising with or without TiO2 and graphene reinforcement. Although the efficacy of all NBC for microbial water purification was relatively similar, further experiments to clarify the superior of TiO2 and graphite nanoplatelet on NCB need to be carried out, especially in reducing chemical contamination.

A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for detecting paracetamol has been studied. The SPCE performance was observed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at various pH. The measurement was done at a potential range from -0.75 V to +1 V at room temperature. The response of SPCE shows that paracetamol can be detected clearly from its oxidation (0.63 V) and reduction (-0.36 V) peaks in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 9. The obtained calibration curve followed a linear equation ipa = 3.159 + 0.134x, with R2 = 0.975 for anodic current peak and ipc = -3.373 – 0.102x, with R2 = 0.990 for cathodic current peak. The limit of detection (LOD) of the SPCE to detect paracetamol was 0.70 µM and 0.51 µM for oxidation and reduction peaks, respectively. The sensitivity of SPCE was 2.628 μA.mm-2.μM-1 for oxidation peak and 1.996 μA.mm-2.μM-1 for reduction peak. The reaction between the SPCE and paracetamol demonstrated diffusion-controlled behavior. The selectivity study indicates no interference signal from ascorbic acid, urea, uric acid, and glucose during paracetamol measurement.

A novel and rapid analysis of the type of meat using fluorescence spectrophotometry has been done. This method does not require complicated reagents and is environmentally friendly because it uses water as the solvent. The test sample was limited only to chicken meat and pork. Meat samples are taken from three chicken species, i.e., Broiler (Gallus domesticus), Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Braekels Chicken (Gallus Turcicus), and Yorkshire pig (Sus scrofa Domesticus) species. Each sample was immersed in demineralized water. Then the extracted blood was analyzed using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. All types of samples exhibit a unique fluorescence spectra pattern. Furthermore, the mixed meat samples (pork and chicken) in various concentrations (0.5-30% of pork) were also analyzed. It was found that the excitation and emission peaks of mixed samples showed different spectra. This phenomenon can still be observed in a very low concentration of pork, 0.5%. The redshifted was observed, and the spectrum's intensity increased along with the concentration of pork. Scores of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) show four clusters of samples: Pork, Broiler, Domestic, and Braekels Chicken. This technique offers an efficient and accurate method to investigate meat contamination.

The process of building a construction project is an activity that contains many hazardous elements. Multi-storey building construction has a high risk of work accidents, especially for workers in the field. Work accidents are things that may happen to construction workers and are required to implement an Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) at the work site. This study tries to provide answers about how the standards and guidelines for the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) are used in the Mall and Apartment "X" construction project in Surabaya and discusses the factors that influence the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3). The object of this research is the "X" Mall and Apartment Development Project in Surabaya. The method used is quantitative method, Nominal Scale and Ordinal Scale analysis. Then, perform the validity test, reliability, Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, and the F test (simultaneous). Data obtained through interviews, distributing questionnaires and observations. Based on this research, it is concluded that SMK3 has been well planned and implemented in the project location according to PP No. 50 of 2012 About the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems. The project has implemented a Quality Policy & K3L Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) according to ISO 45001: 2018.The results of questionnaire data on respondent’s responses regarding the factors that influence the implementation of SMK3 at the project location are (X11) which means that the social, economic and cultural conditions are less conducive and get a percentage value of 11.830% and (X1) Lack of cooperation, socialization, coordination. between employees / management staff and workers in the implementation and supervision of the K3 program in order to achieve the zero accident target and get a percentage value of 8,218%.

Transcription regulation is an important mechanism that controls pluripotency and differentiation. Transcription factors dictate cell fate decisions by functioning cooperatively with chromatin regulators. We have recently demonstrated that BEND3 (BANP, E5R and Nac1 domain) protein regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes by modulating the chromatin architecture at promoters. We highlight the collaboration of BEND3 with the polycomb repressive complex in coordinating transcription repression and propose a model highlighting the relevance of the BEND3-PRC2 axis in gene regulation and chromatin organization.

Fish skin is the potential gelatin source since the increase of the demand for the halal food due to the religious consideration. The yield of gelatin obtained from connective tissue of animal skin greatly affected by the extraction process and age of the animals that used as raw material. Research about the potential of the Pangasius hypophthalmus (striped catfish) skin as halal gelatin source have been developing. However, there was no information about the correlation between the length of striped catfish that representing age with the gelatin content. Here we optimize the gelatin extraction method from striped catfish skin with different length body size (sub adult and adult size) using statistical analysis of Placket Burman Design. We performed preliminary study to determine the variables used in the main study. We used 9 variables in the extraction process and analyzed the p-value of each variable. According to this analysis, three variables with the lowest p-values were selected: temperature (p=0.000); soaking time in alkali solution (p=0.055) and soaking time in acid solution (p=0.244). Range value of selected variables were determined according to the related previous studies. Results from our study showed that the maximum yield of sub adult and adult were obtained when we used 70 °C as temperature of extraction, i.e. 37.42% and 30.31%, respectively. In general, sub adult striped catfish have higher yield than the adult one at the temperature of 40 and 70 °C. However, the gelatin yielded from extraction process temperature of ≥70 °C exhibited dark pigmentation, while the gelatin that obtained with temperature treatment of ≤ 55°C showed less pigmentation. The gelatin yielded from sub adult striped catfish showed more pigmentation than the adult one. We suggested for process of extraction both size of striped catfish should be at 55°C, since it showed higher yield extraction with less pigmentation.

Public - Private Partnership (PPP) offers many potential benefits for the government in providing infrastructure facilities. However, the implementation of the Public Private Partnership project is not easy. Infrastructure Development is one of the development priorities in developed and developing countries, including Timor-Leste. As one of the priorities of national development, cost limitations are the main problem faced by the government. Therefore, to overcome the lack of funding, the government can involve the private sector in terms of providing funds to finance the construction of infrastructure facilities.The Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (RDTL) must have good regulations to achieve the goals of Timor-Leste in the future through cooperation between the government and the private sector. Good regulation is one of the best ways for good cooperation between the government and the private sector.In this study, the chosen location is the Tibar Bay Port in Timor-Leste. Based on the results of research that has been done, infrastructure development efforts do not have to rely on the Timor-Leste government as a single actor, the involvement of other parties such as the private sector is also needed for infrastructure development. The Government of Timor-Leste is fulfilling a big dream for the the future through the development of infrastructure in accordance with the strategic development plan for 2011-2030 to come, because the Government of Timor-Leste prepares a bright future for a country to become a developed country like other countries.

The project acceleration by the Crash Program is one of the ways that is often used to make time and cost efficiency on an ongoing project. Acceleration of project completion time will affect the efficiency of equipment and labor productivity. In the case study of the Surabaya Outer East Ring Road Project Construction Segment 1, a project that has the potential to be accelerated is discussed in order to obtain efficiency values in terms of time and cost, Project acceleration by means of the Crash Program using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) method to determine the value of efficiency. This project uses resources, in this research the software used is Microsoft Project 2016. The research method used is to design network planning, find the critical path for each job, determine the work that has the potential to be accelerated, calculate the crash cost in additional working hours. and work shifts, calculating direct costs and indirect costs for each activity that changes due to changes in the duration of implementation, calculating the cost slope. Application of the Crash Program in the work of Asphalt Concrete Surface Layers (AC) thick 5 cm in the project will have an impact on increasing the time efficiency previously planned from 180 working days to 175 working days and efficiency with the difference in project costs of Rp. 18.313.935,8 with a ratio of 0,997 between the PDM method compared to the cost of the contract value calculated using the crashing project method.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) on the productivity of workers on the "X" tower construction project in Surabaya. The population used is the employees of the tower construction project "X" in Surabaya as many as 230 employees, while the number of samples taken 146 employees. The data used is sourced from primary data. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis.The results in this study indicate that: (1) Safety Factor has a significant and positive influence on Project Security; (2) Equipment and Work Wear Factors have a significant positive effect on Project Security; (3) Vehicle Track Factors have a significant positive effect on Project Security; (4) Fire Factor has no significant effect on Project Security; (5) Equipment and Machine Factors have a significant positive effect on Project Security; (6) Electricity and Sound factors have a significant positive effect on Project Security; (7) Public Protection Factors have no significant effect on Project Safeguards; (8) General Factors have a significant positive effect on Project Security; (9) Occupational Health Factors have a significant positive effect on Project Security.

The species Andrographis paniculata L. Ness, family Acanthaceae grows in many parts in the island of Java in Indonesia. In this research, new potentials of photoprotective agents from A. paniculata plant extracts, along with their characteristics, were investigated. The phytochemical test, infrared analysis, ultraviolet characterization, fluorescence identification, flavonoid content by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) and photoprotective analysis were performed in the extracts. The new potentials of A. paniculata plant extracts were studied at various concentrations of extracts and shown by the value of the sun protection factor (SPF). Based on phytochemical test, A. paniculata plant extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids and polyphenols. A. paniculata plant extracts have 2 maximum wavelengths at 230 nm and 362 nm. The excitation peak at 300 nm (552.11 a.u) and the emission peak at 605 nm (516.02 a.u). The flavonoid content of the extracts was 0.022 µg/mL quercetin with Rf value of 0.61. The chromatogram of the LCMS/MS is similar to quercetin-3-glycoside standard at a retention time of 2.77. The photoprotective activity of A. paniculata plant extracts had ≥ 15 SPF. Its shows the possibility to use this extract as photoprotective agent in pharmaceutical preparations.

Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (BAPPENAS) memperkirakan kebutuhan dana infrastruktur pada tahun 2015-2019, terdapat kesenjangan pendanaan sekitar 36,5% (Rp 1.385 Triliun) dari total kebutuhan dana infrastruktur (Rp 4.796 triliun). Kesenjangan pendanaan tersebut diharapkan dapat dipenuhi melalui kerja sama dengan swasta atau Badan Usaha, yang menggunakan skema Public-Private Partnership (PPP) atau dikenal dengan Kerjasama Pemerintah Badan Usaha (KPBU), sebagai salah satu alternatif pembiayaan kebutuhan infrastruktur. Tujuan artikel ini adalah memaparkan pelaksanaan Kerjasama Pemerintah Badan Usaha (KPBU) yang ada di Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang mekanisme pelaksanaan KPBU di Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis pada penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa KPBU telah berhasil diterapkan pada pengadaan proyek Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Umbulan di Jawa Timur.

The crystal structure of a bacteriophage T4 early gene product, Spackle, was determined by native sulfur single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing using synchrotron radiation and was refined to 1.52 Å resolution. The structure shows that Spackle consists of a bundle of five α-helices, forming a relatively flat disc-like overall shape. Although Spackle forms a dimer in the crystal, size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering shows that it is monomeric in solution. Mass spectrometry confirms that purified mature Spackle lacks the amino-terminal signal peptide and contains an intramolecular disulfide bond, consistent with its proposed role in the periplasm of T4 phage-infected Escherichia coli cells. The surface electrostatic potential of Spackle shows a strikingly bipolar charge distribution, suggesting a possible mode of membrane association and inhibition of the tail lysozyme activity in T4 bacteriophage superinfection exclusion.

BEN domain-containing proteins are emerging rapidly as an important class of factors involved in modulating gene expression, yet the molecular basis of how they regulate chromatin function and transcription remains to be established. BEND3 is a quadruple BEN domain-containing protein that associates with heterochromatin and functions as a transcriptional repressor. We find that BEND3 is highly expressed in pluripotent cells, and the induction of differentiation results in the down-regulation of BEND3. The removal of BEND3 from pluripotent cells results in cells exhibiting upregulation of the differentiation-inducing gene expression signature. We find that BEND3 binds to the promoters of differentiation-associated factors and key cell cycle regulators, including

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan porcine (babi) atau bovine (sapi) pada kapsul gelatin imunitas anticovi19 yang dijual di Pasar X Surabaya Utara. Metode yang digunakan untuk membedakan gelatin babi dan gelatin sapi adalah dengan alat Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Pada penelitian ini pendeteksian kapsul gelatin imunitas anticovid19 dilakukan dengan alat QCM. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara true eksperimental, dan pengambilan sampel dengan teknik quota sebesar 3 gram pada masing-masing sampel dengan merk yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada 4 sampel dengan merk berbeda yang berasal dari pasar X daerah Surabaya Utara, menunjukkan hasil pendeteksian sebanyak 2 sampel dengan hasil negatif (-) dan 2 sampel dengan hasil positif (-), artinya sampel negatif mengandung gelatin sapi (bovine) dan sampel positif mengandung babi (porcine). Pada sampel kapsul gelatin imunitas yang mengandung gelatin sapi ditandai dengan penurunan frekuensi, sedangkan sampel kapsul gelatin imunitas yang mengandung gelatin babi ditandai dengan kenaikan frekuensi.

The Berlian Terminal is one of the container terminals located in the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya, managed by PT BJTI PORT. Container loading and unloading activities have a risk of work accidents. Work accidents can be prevented by applying Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC). HIRADC aims to identify potential hazards in the workplace by linking workers, tasks, work equipment, and the work environment. This study aims to determine the application of HIRADC to reduce the risk of accidents. This type of research is descriptive research. The total sample of 52 workers, taken by the total sampling method. Data related to respondent characteristics such as worker productivity and the OHS Program on HIRADC were obtained by direct observation in the field and interviews with all workers. The results showed that workers who had high productivity were (71.1%). Statistical tests using the ordinal regression test showed that there was an influence between the OHS Program on HIRADC and the Productivity of Work for Workers in Berlian Terminal (0,000

Concrete houses have a higher social and economic status. This study provides another consideration for the selection of building materials (Wonorahardjo, 2008). There are several ways that can be used to make concrete lighter, including using lightweight aggregates, substituting coarse aggregates with foam agents, adding coconut shells and additives where coconut shell waste has not been used optimally. In this research, a lightweight concrete mixture made from additives 5M additive, foam agent and coconut shell using 3 kg cement composition. While the 5M additives variation of 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% of cement, 15 milliliters of foam agent and coconut shell of 1%, with consideration of the specimens for 28 days not soaked non-curing. The test specimen is made with a size of 15x30 cm. This study is to determine the weight, compressive strength of the lightweight concrete produced. The results of research on the use of additional 5M additives, foam agents and coconut shells cause concrete to be lighter and compressive strength decreases. The weight of light concrete at 28 days not soaked is 775 kg / cm3, while the quality of concrete is 22 kg / cm2.

In this research, a lightweight concrete mixture was made with foam and made use of the remaining broken rock from the Crusher Machine process, which was washed ashes. Other added ingredients used in the mixture are Silica Fume, Superplasticizer (Admixture Type F) and Bonding. This reseach uses a mix design from Circular Letter Number: 44 / SE / M / 2015 Concerning Design Guidelines for Mixing Light Material with Foam Mortar for Road Construction, Ministry of PUPR. Trial mix variations carried out are in proportion (SF 5%; BO 0.5%), (SF 10%; BO 0.5%), (SF 5%; BO 1%), (SF 10%; BO 1% ), as well as foam agents with variations 1:20 and 1:40. The treatment process (curing) of the test object is immersed in a water bath, and the testing of the compressive strength of the test object is carried out at the age of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. By using stone ash, lightweight concrete was obtained with an average specific gravity of 1722 kg / m3 to 1884 kg / m3. From the research results obtained the highest average compressive strength with the percentage of material that is in the variation of the SF 10% ; BO 0.5% and ratio foam (1) : water (40) only for K 190.6 kg/cm2 or FC 15.82 MPa. In each specimen the value of quality efficiency with the most optimum weight variation at SF 10% ; BO 0.5% with a coefficient value of 10.03%.

Planning a project there are many important things that affect the success and smoothness, one of which planning time implementation of the right and efficient work. The way to overcome the problem is by using several methods such as CPM (Critical Path Method), PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Teqnique), PDM (Precedence Diagram Method). From the calculation result show that the duration of project completion using CPM method is 57 weeks, project completion duration using PERT method is 78 + 7.5 weeks with the probability of achieving project completion time target is 99.87% and project completion duration using PDM method is 30 weeks. So the method that best suits the Social Service Development Project and the Office of Marine Gresik Regency is the PDM method because the PDM method is capable of producing shorter project completion periods than the CPM and PERT methods of 30 weeks.

In the construction of a building, one of which is a mosque, it does require efficiency on the budget plan, so that development can be completed to the maximum with optimal time and little cost. The purpose of this study is to find out the ratio of labor wage coefficients between the Budget Plan (RAB), BOW and Implementation; Knowing the comparison and the difference in the number of unit prices of labor wages; Find out the cause of the difference in price. Data processing is done by literature method, documentation, conducting field observations and conducting interviews. The results of the work include formwork column K1 (thread D19) foreman coefficient ratio in RAB Offer with Implementation that is equal to 1.21, while BOW with Implementation is 0.37. Then for the wages of reinforced concrete deck work Lt. 2 12cm thick K-250 with an area of ??41.05 m3 the difference between the RAB of the Offer and the Implementation of Rp. 36,263,855.91 (64.4%), while the difference between BOW and Implementation is Rp. 138,619,043.82 (87.4%). The magnitude of the ratio of ratios and differences in the budget for wage costs is influenced by many factors: labor wage prices, quantity or amount of labor used in the project, skill level and age of the workforce, and high interest in workforce employment.

Dalam pembangun proyek konstruksi di Indonesia, penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja masi kurang maksimal. Banyak pekerja konstruksi yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja tiap tahun nya, kerusakaan material, kegagalan produksi serta keterlambatan pekerja konstruksi yang membuat perusahan bnyak mengalami kerugian. Kecelakaan kerja sering terjadi karena kurangnya perhatian para pelaksana proyek konstruksi akan persayaratan dan peraturan dalam keselamtan dan kesehatan kerja (K3). Permasalahan yang dibahas di dalam penilitian adalah peraturan K3 di Indonesia, faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja pada proyek konstruksi dan seberapa jauh penerapan k3 pada proyek konstruksi di sumba.Metodelogi penelitan dilakukan dengan pengemabilan data dari lapangan. Dengan mengumpulkan data studi kasus pelaksanaan k3 dengan melakukan pengamatan di lapangan dengan menggunakan metode literatur, kusioner, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, ada 5 faktor yang utama penyebab kecelakaan kerja yaitu tenaga kerja tidak memakai peralatan K3, pekerja tidak menggunakan peralatan pertukangan yang tidak sesuai dengan kegunaannya, peralatan K3 yang kurang layak pakai, tidak tersedianya perlengkapan K3, dan kurangnya rambu-rambu lalulintas. Untuk mengurangi terjadinya kecelakaan kerja atau untuk meminimalizir kecelakaan kerja.Diharapkan ada analisis lebih lanjut tentang faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakan kerja dengan menambahkan objek penilitan, agara dapat mengurangi kecelakan kerja dalam proyek konstruksi.

One of the efforts to maintain and enhance the economic growth of a region is supported by the existence of infrastructure development. Infrastructure development in the form of a toll road could increase the potential for the development of the economy of the region through improved the smooth flow of goods and services. Toll road construction project Krian– Legundi – Bunder – Manyar areas is one of national strategic Project (PSN) that are in the shadow of the State Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) with PT. Waskita Bumi Wira as the initiator. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, i.e. by doing observation and interviews with related parties on the project construction of KLBM toll road. The results of this study are: (i) the forms of cooperation carried out in the construction of KLBM toll roads, is Build Operate Transfer (BOT); (ii) the process of acquiring the land in KLBM toll road development projects are the responsibility of PT WBW assisted by PPK Land Procurement and BPN Sidoarjo and Gresik Regency; (iii) Proceedings reversion bailouts land is done through examination by the BPKP and then verified by the LMAN and the value of payments carried out as stated in the agreement.

Manufacture of concrete with a mixture of coconut shell and polyvinyl acetate. The material used in this study are from the coconut shell coconut waste treatment process which is crushed to a maximum size of 20 mm, whereas polyvinyl acetate condition is milky white emulsion. This study uses laboratory experiments concrete according to standards ISO 7656: 2012 for normal concrete and developed into concrete innovation. Coconut shell as a substitute for gravel with a rate of 8% and 10%, while the addition of polyvinyl acetate in the amount of 8% and 10%. At the time of fresh concrete workmanship, testing the slump test to control the workability and homogeneity. Treatment (Curing) specimen is done by covering the paper specimens with wet cement. Compressive strength testing carried out during the 28 days of the test specimen. The results obtained on the compressive strength with the highest average percentage of materials such as concrete polyvinyl acetate 8% and 8% of coconut shell Amounting to 351 kg/cm2 with an average density of 2199 kg/cm3. In each of the test object with a weight value is the quality efficiency in concrete polyvinyl acetate 8% and 8% of coconut shell.

Pengaruh bibit asal, umur, dan ukuran umbi terhadap kadar glukomannan dan kadar oksalat pada umbi porang (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) telah dilakukan. Analisa kadar glukomannan dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri. Bibit asal berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kadar glukomannan dan kadar oksalat dalam umbi porang. Umbi porang dengan bibit kathak memiliki kandungan glukomannan lebih tinggi dari bibit spora dengan kadar glukomannan sebesar 51,40–54,41% sedangkan bibit spora memiliki kadar glukomannan sebesar 43,86–45,84%. Umur dan ukuran umbi porang tidak memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kandungan glukomannan. Analisa kadar oksalat dilakukan dengan metode titrasi permanganometri. Kadar oksalat pada bibit kathak lebih tinggi dari konsentrasi asam oksalat pada umbi spora. Umbi porang dengan bibit kathak memiliki kadar oksalat sebesar 524,16-1039,5ppm. umbi porang dengan bibit spora memiliki kadar oksalat sebesar 483,84-635,04ppm. Bibit asal, umur, dan ukuran porang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kadar oksalat dalam umbi porang.

Pengaruh pengupasan dan waktu perendaman pada umbi porang terhadap kadar glukomanan dan kadar senyawa oksalat telah dipelajari. Umbi porang tanpa dan dengan pengupasan dipotong menjadi beberapa bagian, kemudian direndam dalam air dengan variasi waktu 0, 60, 120 dan 180 menit. Umbi porang yang telah direndam kemudian dikeringkan dan diolah menjadi tepung porang. Kadar glukomanan pada umbi porang dianalisa menggunakan metode gravimetri, sedangkan kadar senyawa oksalat menggunakan metode titrasi permanganometri. Umbi porang yang dikupas dengan variasi perendaman 0, 60, 120, dan 180 menit secara berturut-turut memiliki rata-rata kadar glukomanan sebesar 36,51%; 40,45%; 44,01%; dan 48,39%. Umbi porang yang tidak dikupas dengan variasi perendaman 0, 60, 120, dan 180 menit secara berturut-turut memiliki rata-rata kadar glukomanan sebesar 34,86%; 22,55%; 22,37%; dan 21,70%. Hasil analisa rata-rata kadar senyawa oksalat pada umbi porang yang dikupas dengan variasi perendaman 0, 60, 120, dan 180 menit secara berturut-turut adalah 185,22 ppm; 127,60 ppm; 98,78 ppm; dan 86,44 ppm. Umbi porang yang tidak dikupas dengan variasi perendaman 0, 60, 120, dan 180 menit secara berturut-turut memiliki rata-rata kadar senyawa oksalat sebesar 251,08 ppm; 214,03 ppm; 209,92 ppm; dan 197,57 ppm.

Edible oil forgery is a prominent issue of food production bussiness. In order to lower the production cost and increase the apparent value, some cheap substance is added on the edible oil production and it was mislabelled. Current techniques are able to differentiate each type of edible oils based on its physical characteristics. However, they need special treatment of samples and costly. In this paper, the optical characteristic of absorption of animal-based and plantbased oils are investigated to obtain fingerprints on UV-visible-near infrared wavelength region. Either animal-based or plant-based oils have absorption on wavelength region of 900 – 940 nm. However, each type of oils has unique absorption characteristics on wavelength region of 350 – 700 nm. Hence, the UV-visible region can be used as the marker of each type of edible oils.

Здійснено модифікацію скловуглецевого електрода (GCE) з використанням Ketjen black (KB). KB був прикріплений до поверхні GCE із застосуванням методу краплинного лиття за підтримки холата натрію як поверхнево-активної речовини. Вимірювання проводили за допомогою циклічної вольтамперометрії. Попереднє дослідження електрохімічної поведінки GCE, модифікованого KB, проводили з використанням 1 мМ дофаміну в ацетатному буфері з рН = 4 як підтримуючому електроліті. Результат показує, що анодний піковий струм модифікованого GCE вищий, ніж струм GCE без модифікації. Це вказує на те, що KB дає синергічний ефект для GCE для збільшення анодного пікового струму при вимірюванні з дофаміном. У дослідженнях селективності модифікація GCE за допомогою KB може поліпшити селективність датчика. Немодифікований GCE є селективним щодо дофаміну, сечової кислоти, аскорбінової кислоти та глюкози. Після модифікації поверхні GCE є селективним лише для дофаміну. При дослідженні електрохімічної поведінки п'ять повторень вимірювань призвели до зменшення анодного пікового струму. Це вказує на те, що продукт окислення молекул дофаміну міцно прикріплюється до поверхні GCE, модифікованого KB, під час вольтаметричного вимірювання, що спричинює зменшення анодного пікового струму. Modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using Ketjen black has been done. Ketjen black (KB) was attached to the GCE surface employing the drop-casting method with the support of sodium cholate as a surfactant. The measurement was performed using cyclic voltammetry. The preliminary study of the electrochemical behavior of KB-modified GCE was observed using 1 mM dopamine in acetate buffer pH 4 as a supporting electrolyte. The result shows that the anodic peak current of a modified GCE is higher than that of a GCE without modification. It indicates that KB gives a synergy effect for GCE to increase the anodic peak current of dopamine measurement. In selectivity studies, modification of a GCE using KB can improve the selectivity of the sensor. An unmodified GCE is selective for dopamine, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and glucose. After modification of the surface, a GCE is only selective for dopamine. In electrochemical behavior study, five repetitions of measurement resulted in a decrease in the anodic peak current. It indicates that the oxidation product of dopamine molecules is attached strongly to the surface of the KBmodified GCE surface during voltametric measurement causing a decrease in the anodic peak current.

A bacterial cell infected with T4 phage rapidly establishes resistance against further infections by the same or closely related T-even-type bacteriophages – a phenomenon called superinfection exclusion. Here we show that one of the T4 early gene products and a periplasmic protein, Spackle, forms a stoichiometric complex with the lysozyme domain of T4 tail spike protein gp5 and potently inhibits its activity. Crystal structure of the Spackle-gp5 lysozyme complex shows that Spackle binds to a horseshoe-shaped basic patch surrounding the oligosaccharide-binding cleft and induces an allosteric conformational change of the active site. In contrast, Spackle does not appreciably inhibit the lysozyme activity of cytoplasmic T4 endolysin responsible for cell lysis to release progeny phage particles at the final step of the lytic cycle. Our work reveals a unique mode of inhibition for lysozymes, a widespread class of enzymes in biology, and provides a mechanistic understanding of the T4 bacteriophage superinfection exclusion., Ke Shi et al. perform a structural and biochemical characterization of the complex formed between Spackle, an early gene product of T4 and the gp5 lysozyme located in the tail of T4, thereby revealing a new mode of inhibition of the well-known lysozyme enzyme. This study provides structural insight into the phenomenon of superinfection exclusion, phenomenon by which bacterial cells infected with a T4 phage become resistant to secondary infections by the same or closely related phages.

Polymer electrolytes film based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexes with NaClO4 salt with a ratio of EO: Na = 20:1 and fly ash as filler has been prepared by solution casting technique. The crystallinity of the solid polymer electrolyte was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The interaction between PEO and Na-ions confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis. The ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte was investigated by impedance analysis from 1 MHz to 1 Hz at a varied temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C. The maximum ionic conductivity of EO: Na = 20 was 5.31 x 10-5 S cm-1 and increases to 2.13 x 10-4 S cm-1 by the addition of fly ash 5% at the temperature of 60°C.