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5. The Orchestration Stack: The Impossible Task of Designing Software for Unknown Future Post-CMOS Hardware

Author

Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) — Technische Universit ¨ at Dresden, Germany; SnT-CritiX — University of Luxembourg; KRDB Research Centre — Free University of Bozen-Bolzano [research center], Volp, Marcus, Klüppelholz, Sascha, Castrillon, Jeronimo, Härtig, Hermann, Asmussen, Nils, Assmann, Uwe, Baader, Franz, Baier, Christel, Fettweis, Gerhard, Fröhlich, Jochen, Goens, Andrés, Haas, Sebastian, Habich, Dirk, Hasler, Mattis, Huismann, Immo, Karnagel, Tomas, Karol, Sven, Lehner, Wolfgang, Leuschner, Linda, Lieber, Matthias, Ling, Siqi, Märcker, Steffen, Mey, Johannes, Nagel, Wolfgang, Nöthen, Benedikt, Penaloza, Rafael, Raitza, Michael, Stiller, Jörg, Ungethüm, Annett, Voigt, Axel, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) — Technische Universit ¨ at Dresden, Germany; SnT-CritiX — University of Luxembourg; KRDB Research Centre — Free University of Bozen-Bolzano [research center], Volp, Marcus, Klüppelholz, Sascha, Castrillon, Jeronimo, Härtig, Hermann, Asmussen, Nils, Assmann, Uwe, Baader, Franz, Baier, Christel, Fettweis, Gerhard, Fröhlich, Jochen, Goens, Andrés, Haas, Sebastian, Habich, Dirk, Hasler, Mattis, Huismann, Immo, Karnagel, Tomas, Karol, Sven, Lehner, Wolfgang, Leuschner, Linda, Lieber, Matthias, Ling, Siqi, Märcker, Steffen, Mey, Johannes, Nagel, Wolfgang, Nöthen, Benedikt, Penaloza, Rafael, Raitza, Michael, Stiller, Jörg, Ungethüm, Annett, and Voigt, Axel

Abstract

Future systems based on post-CMOS technologies will be wildly heterogeneous, with properties largely unknown today. This paper presents our design of a new hardware/software stack to address the challenge of preparing software development for such systems. It combines well-understood technologies from different areas, e.g., network-on-chips, capability operating systems, flexible programming models and model checking. We describe our approach and provide details on key technologies.

Published
2016

6. Italy and Yugoslavia: from distrust to friendship in Cold War Europe

Author

Ruzicic-Kessler, Karlo and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science, Distrust, media_common.quotation_subject, Perspective (graphical), World War II, Historiography, Friendship, Politics, Political science, Political economy, Law, Political Science and International Relations, Cold war, Ideology, media_common
Abstract

Considering the relations of two neighbouring countries with a difficult past and separated by ideological barriers, this article takes a look at the relations between Italy and Yugoslavia in a long perspective during the Cold War. The aim is to portray the development of relations from enmity after the Second World War to good neighbourly relations in Cold War Europe. Including new archival sources of Yugoslav origin, the article shows how mutual relations between Italy and Yugoslavia developed, considering the importance of economic factors, political ambitions, but also the impact of diplomatic agents and political leaders for cooperation on the Adriatic. Taking the international environment into account, the article shows that many developments leading to detente in Europe had indeed their precursors on the Adriatic. This makes the development of relations between Italy and Yugoslavia a success story during the Cold War which has hitherto not been thoroughly acknowledged in historiography.

Published
2014

7. Provenance for the Description Logic ELHr

Author

Camille Bourgaux, Rafael Peñaloza, Livia Predoiu, Ana Ozaki, Value from Data (VALDA ), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Bergen (UiB), KRDB Research Centre (KRDB), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), This work was supported by Camille Bourgaux’s CNRS PEPS grant, contract ANR-18-CE23-0003 (CQFD), the Universityof Bergen, the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano projects PROVDL and FO2S, and the Italian PRIN project HOPE., ANR-18-CE23-0003,CQFD,Requêtes Ontologiques Complexes sur des Fédérations de Données Hétérogènese(2018), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Bessiere, C, Bourgaux, C, Ozaki, A, Penaloza, R, and Predoiu, L

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Provenance, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Semantics (computer science), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, provenance, description logic, 02 engineering and technology, Ontology (information science), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Set (abstract data type), Annotation, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Description logic, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Axiom, 16Y60, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], provenance, description logics, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), Data access, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, Ontology, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Abstract

We address the problem of handling provenance information in ELHr ontologies. We consider a setting recently introduced for ontology-based data access, based on semirings and extending classical data provenance, in which ontology axioms are annotated with provenance tokens. A consequence inherits the provenance of the axioms involved in deriving it, yielding a provenance polynomial as an annotation. We analyse the semantics for the ELHr case and show that the presence of conjunctions poses various difficulties for handling provenance, some of which are mitigated by assuming multiplicative idempotency of the semiring. Under this assumption, we study three problems: ontology completion with provenance, computing the set of relevant axioms for a consequence, and query answering., Comment: This is the long version of IJCAI 2020 paper 2243 (24 pages)

Published
2020
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8. Resource separation in dynamic logic of propositional assignments

Author

Andreas Herzig, Joseph Boudou, Nicolas Troquard, Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT-LILaC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano - UNIBZ (ITALY)

Subjects
Model checking, FOS: Computer and information sciences, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, Theoretical computer science, Logic, Computer science, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Separation logic, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, Reduction (complexity), Propositional assignments, Dynamic logic, Operator (computer programming), Autre, Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0101 mathematics, Parallel composition, Axiom, PSPACE, 010102 general mathematics, Recherche d'information, Decidability, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], Dynamic logic (modal logic), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Boolean satisfiability problem, Software
Abstract

International audience; We extend dynamic logic of propositional assignments by adding an operator of parallel composition that is inspired by separation logics. We provide an axiomatisation via reduction axioms, thereby establishing decidability. We also prove that the complexity of both the model checking and the satisfiability problem stay in PSPACE.

Published
2019
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9. GEDLIB: A C++ Library for Graph Edit Distance Computation

Author

David Blumenthal, Sébastien Bougleux, Luc Brun, Johann Gamper, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Equipe Image - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Computer science, Computation, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Support vector machine, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Deep neural networks, Graph edit distance, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Graph Edit Distance · Open Source Library · C++, Assignment problem, Integer programming
Abstract

The graph edit distance (\(\mathrm {GED}\)) is a flexible graph dissimilarity measure widely used within the structural pattern recognition field. In this paper, we present GEDLIB, a C++ library for exactly or approximately computing \(\mathrm {GED}\). Many existing algorithms for \(\mathrm {GED}\) are already implemented in GEDLIB. Moreover, GEDLIB is designed to be easily extensible: for implementing new edit cost functions and \(\mathrm {GED}\) algorithms, it suffices to implement abstract classes contained in the library. For implementing these extensions, the user has access to a wide range of utilities, such as deep neural networks, support vector machines, mixed integer linear programming solvers, a blackbox optimizer, and solvers for the linear sum assignment problem with and without error-correction.

Published
2019

11. Incremental Query Generatio

Author

Perez-Beltrachini, Laura, Gardent, Claire, Franconi, Enrico, Natural Language Processing : representations, inference and semantics (SYNALP), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), KRDB, Bolzano University, KRDB Research Centre (KRDB), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano-Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gardent, Claire

Subjects
Data to Text Generation, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, Natural Language Generation, [INFO.INFO-TT] Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, Knowledge Base Queries, Natural Language Processing
Abstract

International audience; We present a natural language generation system which supports the incremental specification of ontology-based queries in natural language. Our contribution is two fold. First, we introduce a chart based surface realisation algorithm which supports the kind of incremental processing required by ontology-based querying. Crucially, this algorithm avoids confusing the end user by preserving a consistent ordering of the query elements throughout the incremental query formulation process. Second, we show that grammar based surface realisation better supports the generation of fluent, natural sounding queries than previous template-based approaches.

Published
2014

12. Bringing the margin to the focus:10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management

Author

Patricia M. Rodríguez‐González, Eleni Abraham, Francisca Aguiar, Andrea Andreoli, Ligita Baležentienė, Naim Berisha, Ivan Bernez, Michael Bruen, Daniel Bruno, Carlo Camporeale, Andraž Čarni, Mila Chilikova‐Lubomirova, Dov Corenblit, Renata Ćušterevska, Tanya Doody, Judy England, André Evette, Robert Francis, Virginia Garófano‐Gómez, Marta González del Tánago, Yasar Selman Gultekin, Florian Guyard, Seppo Hellsten, Georgi Hinkov, Jiří Jakubínský, Philippe Janssen, Roland Jansson, Jochem Kail, Emine Keles, Mary Kelly‐Quinn, Anna Kidová, Tímea Kiss, Mart Kulvik, Nicola La Porta, Marianne Laslier, Melissa Latella, Stefan Lorenz, Dejan Mandžukovski, Paraskevi Manolaki, Vanesa Martinez‐Fernández, David Merritt, Adrien Michez, Jelena Milovanović, Tomasz Okruszko, Eva Papastergiadou, Ellis Penning, Remigiusz Pielech, Emilio Politti, Ana Portela, Tenna Riis, Željko Škvorc, Michal Slezák, Barbara Stammel, John Stella, Danijela Stesevic, Vladimir Stupar, Olga Tammeorg, Priit Tammeorg, Therese Moe Fosholt, Gorazd Urbanič, Marc Villar, Ioannis Vogiatzakis, Paul Vrchovsky, Rasoul Yousefpour, Peggy Zinke, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Simon Dufour, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Crop Science Research Group, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), AgriChar research group, Plant Production Sciences, University of Helsinki, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Laboratório Associado Terra, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Department of environmental, land and infrastructure engineering, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Environment Agency, King‘s College London, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València] (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Laboratorio de Hidrobiología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Forest Economics Department, Düzce University, Geography and Spatial Planning, Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Forest Research Institute - Department of Forest Entomology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Global Change Research, Institute CAS, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science [Umeå], Umeå University, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Trakya University, School of Biology & Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Department of Geoinformatics, Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged [Szeged], Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Instituto Agrario S. Michele all' Adige, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany, Department for Forest Management Planning, PE Nacionalni sumi, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center, Biological and Physical Resources Staff, USDA, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège - Gembloux-Université de Liège - Gembloux, Environment and Sustainable Development, Singidunum University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), University of Patras, Department of Inland Water Systems, Deltares [The Netherlands], University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering [Trento], University of Trento [Trento], Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, CIBIO-InBIO - Universidade do Porto, Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning (BIOPOLIS), Department of Biology, Aarhus Universitet, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology [Zagreb], University of Zagreb, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Floodplain Institute, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Department of Sustainable Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), University of Montenegro (UCG), Department of Forest Ecology, University of Banja Luka, Department of Agricultural Science, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Institute for Holistic Environmental Management, Ltd. (URBANZERO), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Sciencemonastery AS, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes ), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Suomen ympäristökeskus, and The Finnish Environment Institute

Subjects
rantakasvillisuus, luonnonhoito, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, riparian zone, river management, socioecosystem, nature management, water, vesi, nature conservation, Ocean Engineering, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, SALICACEAE, Oceanography, riparian zone, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, vegetation, RIVER, river management, socioecosystem, PLANTS, 1172 Environmental sciences, aquatic ecosystems, Water Science and Technology, Ekologi, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, vesiekosysteemit, kasvillisuus, Miljövetenskap, ecosystems (ecology), FRAMEWORK, waterside vegetation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ekologia, ekosysteemit (ekologia), ekosysteemipalvelut, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, FEEDBACKS, luonnonsuojelu, ecosystem services, Biologie, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Riparian zones are the paragon of transitional ecosystems, providing critical habitat and ecosystem services that are especially threatened by global change. Following consultation with experts, 10 key challenges were identified to be addressed for riparian vegetation science and management improvement: (1) Create a distinct scientific community by establishing stronger bridges between disciplines; (2) Make riparian vegetation more visible and appreciated in society and policies; (3) Improve knowledge regarding biodiversity—ecosystem functioning links; (4) Manage spatial scale and context-based issues; (5) Improve knowledge on social dimensions of riparian vegetation; (6) Anticipate responses to emergent issues and future trajectories; (7) Enhance tools to quantify and prioritize ecosystem services; (8) Improve numerical modeling and simulation tools; (9) Calibrate methods and increase data availability for better indicators and monitoring practices and transferability; and (10) Undertake scientific validation of best management practices. These challenges are discussed and critiqued here, to guide future research into riparian vegetation. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

Published
2022
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13. Pronounced increase in slope instability linked to global warming: A case study from the eastern European Alps

Author

Manfred R. Strecker, Sara Savi, Francesco Comiti, Comiti, Francesco, 2 Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Bolzano Italy, Strecker, Manfred R., and 1 Institute of Geosciences University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

Subjects
rainfall events, temperature extremes, 554.3, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, Planning and Development, Global warming, Permafrost, Instability, Eastern european, debris flows, Rockfall, rockfalls, Climatology, multi‐temporal analyses, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 551.3, frost‐cracking, Geology, permafrost, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

In recent decades, slope instability in high‐mountain regions has often been linked to increase in temperature and the associated permafrost degradation and/or the increase in frequency/intensity of rainstorm events. In this context we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution and potential controlling mechanisms of small‐ to medium‐sized mass movements in a high‐elevation catchment of the Italian Alps (Sulden/Solda basin). We found that slope‐failure events (mostly in the form of rockfalls) have increased since the 2000s, whereas the occurrence of debris flows has increased only since 2010. The current climate‐warming trend registered in the study area apparently increases the elevation of rockfall‐detachment areas by approximately 300 m, mostly controlled by the combined effects of frost‐cracking and permafrost thawing. In contrast, the occurrence of debris flows does not exhibit such an altitudinal shift, as it is primarily driven by extreme precipitation events exceeding the 75th percentile of the intensity‐duration rainfall distribution. Potential debris‐flow events in this environment may additionally be influenced by the accumulation of unconsolidated debris over time, which is then released during extreme rainfall events. Overall, there is evidence that the upper Sulden/Solda basin (above ca. 2500 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), and especially the areas in the proximity of glaciers, have experienced a significant decrease in slope stability since the 2000s, and that an increase in rockfalls and debris flows during spring and summer can be inferred. Our study thus confirms that “forward‐looking” hazard mapping should be undertaken in these increasingly frequented, high‐elevation areas of the Alps, as environmental change has elevated the overall hazard level in these regions., Global warming has a far‐reaching impact on high‐mountain regions, where rising temperatures affect permafrost thaw, frost‐cracking mechanisms, and the frequency of convective storms. These changes impact the frequency of rockfalls and debris flows and thus lead to a dynamization of geological hazards over a wide range of elevations. Future management plans for Alpine regions should consider these changes to reduce the associated risks and ensure adequate safety measures. image, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Published
2021
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14. Particle segregation in inclined high-speed granular flows

Author

Aurélien Neveu, Michele Larcher, Renaud Delannay, James T. Jenkins, Alexandre Valance, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Cornell University [New York], French Research National Agency French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-16-CE01-0005], and ANR-16-CE01-0005,SegSed,Tri granulométrique en Transport de Sédiments(2016)

Subjects
granular media, dry granular material, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Mathematics, avalanches, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

International audience; We report on the discovery, using numerical simulations, of a segregation pattern in high-speed granular flows, in which size segregation is primarily driven by two-dimensional granular temperature gradients, rather than by gravity. In contrast to slower flows on gentle slopes, in high-speed flows on steep slopes, large particles no longer accumulate in the upper layers of the flow, but are trapped in the interior. The strong temperature gradients that develop between the interior of the flow and the surrounding dilute periphery appear to govern the segregation mechanism. Interestingly, these new segregated flows run at a much faster speed than similar monodisperse flows. This opens up promising perspectives for transporting granular material with enhanced efficiency. Importantly, we show that the kinetic theory for dense, inclined flows of binary mixtures can provide a relevant theoretical framework to explain the segregation patterns observed in the numerical simulations.

Published
2022
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15. Warming does not delay the start of autumnal leaf coloration but slows its progress rate

Author

Nan Jiang, Miaogen Shen, Philippe Ciais, Matteo Campioli, Josep Peñuelas, Christian Körner, Ruyin Cao, Shilong Piao, Licong Liu, Shiping Wang, Eryuan Liang, Nicolas Delpierre, Kamel Soudani, Yuhan Rao, Leonardo Montagnani, Lukas Hörtnagl, Eugénie Paul‐Limoges, Ranga Myneni, Georg Wohlfahrt, Yongshuo Fu, Ladislav Šigut, Andrej Varlagin, Jin Chen, Yanhong Tang, Wenwu Zhao, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), CREAF BELLATERRA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Basel (Unibas), Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), Peking University [Beijing], AgroParisTech, Computer Science (North Carolina State University), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Forest Service, Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano-Bozen, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), European Project: 714916,LEAF-FALL, and European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Chemistry, Ecology, Economics, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim: Initiation of autumnal leaf senescence is critical for plant overwintering and ecosystem dynamics. Previous studies focused solely on the advanced stages of autumnal leaf senescence and claimed that climatic warming delays senescence, despite the fundamental differences among the stages of senescence. However, the timing of onset of leaf coloration (DLCO), the earliest visual sign of senescence, has been rarely studied. Our aim is to assess the response of DLCO to temperature across the Northern Hemisphere.Location: 30–75°N in the Northern Hemisphere.Time period: 2000–2018.Major taxa studied: Deciduous vegetation.Methods: We retrieved DLCO from high temporal-resolution satellite data, which was then validated by PhenoCam observations. We then investigated the temporal changes in DLCO and the relationship between DLCO and temperature by using DLCO from satellite data and ground phenological observations. We further estimated the timing of onset of autumnal decline in maximum canopy photosynthetic capacity, an indicator of leaf senescence earlier than DLCO, from FLUXNET CO2 fluxes data, and assessed its response to temperature.Results: DLCO was not significantly (P < 0.05) delayed between 2000 and 2018 in 94% of the area. DLCO was positively correlated with pre-DLCO mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin) in only 9% of the area, likely because of the overriding photoperiodic control, particularly for woody vegetation, whereas the end of leaf coloration (DLCE) was positively correlated with pre-DLCE mean Tmin over a larger area (34%).Main conclusions: The coloration progress rate is more sensitive than its start date to temperature, indicating an extension of the duration of leaf senescence under warming. This study indicates that the leaf coloration onset was not responsive to climate warming and provides observational evidence of photoperiod control of autumnal leaf senescence at biome and continental scales.

Published
2022
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16. INODE: Building an End-to-End Data Exploration System in Practice Authors' Copy

Author

Amer-Yahia, Sihem, Koutrika, Georgia, Braschler, Martin, Calvanese, Diego, Lanti, Davide, Lücke-Tieke, Hendrik, Mosca, Alessandro, de Farias, Tarcisio Mendes, Papadopoulos, Dimitris, Patil, Yogendra, Rull, Guillem, Smith, Ellery, Skoutas, Dimitrios, Subramanian, Srividya, Stockinger, Kurt, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ATHENA - Research and Innovation Center in Information, Communication and Knowledge Technologies, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research [Darmstadt] (Fraunhofer IGD), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Genève] (SIB), Infili SA [Athènes], SIRIS Academic SL [Barcelone], Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, ANR-19-P3IA-0003,MIAI,MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes(2019), and European Project: H2020,INODE

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract

8 pages, 5 figures; A full-fledged data exploration system must combine different access modalities with a powerful concept of guiding the user in the exploration process, by being reactive and anticipative both for data discovery and for data linking. Such systems are a real opportunity for our community to cater to users with different domain and data science expertise. We introduce INODE-an end-to-end data exploration systemthat leverages, on the one hand, Machine Learning and, on the other hand, semantics for the purpose of Data Management (DM). Our vision is to develop a classic unified, comprehensive platform that provides extensive access to open datasets, and we demonstrate it in three significant use cases in the fields of Cancer Biomarker Research, Research and Innovation Policy Making, and Astrophysics. INODE offers sustainable services in (a) data modeling and linking, (b) integrated query processing using natural language, (c) guidance, and (d) data exploration through visualization, thus facilitating the user in discovering new insights. We demonstrate that our system is uniquely accessible to a wide range of users from larger scientific communities to the public. Finally, we briefly illustrate how this work paves the way for new research opportunities in DM.

Published
2021

17. Interannual and spatial variability of net ecosystem production in forests explained by an integrated physiological indicator in summer

Author

T. Andrew Black, Fernando Moyano, Lin Liu, Rachhpal S. Jassal, M. Altaf Arain, Chengyan Gu, Lukas Hörtnagl, Andrej Varlagin, Ajit Govind, Chaoyang Wu, Ying Liu, Leonardo Montagnani, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China, University of British Columbia (UBC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Phenology, Forest, Flux, Net ecosystem production, General Decision Sciences, Carbon sequestration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, FluxNet, Ecosystem model, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Primary production, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration
Abstract

Understanding the feedback of ecosystem carbon uptake on climate change at temporal and spatial scales is crucial for developing ecosystem models. Previous studies have focused on the role of spring and autumn phenology in regulating carbon sequestration in forest stands, but few on the impact of physiological status in summer. However, plant accumulated the most carbon in summer compared with spring and autumn, therefore, it is of great significance to explore the role of summer phenological metrics on the variability of carbon sequestration. Using 514 site-years of flux data obtained at 40 FLUXNET sites including three forest ecosystems (i.e. evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF), deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) and mixed forest (MF)) in Europe and North America, we compared the potential of physiological and phenological metrics of Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (RECO) in explaining the interannual and spatial variability (IAV and SV) of forest net ecosystem production (NEP). In view of the better performance of physiological metrics, we developed the maximum carbon uptake index (MCUI), which integrated the physiology metrics of photosynthesis and respiration in summer, and further explored its ability in explaining the IAV and SV of NEP. The results suggest that the MCUI had a better ability than respiration-growth length ratio (RGR) in predicting NEP for all three forest types. The interpretation of MCUI based on meteorological variables illustrated that the controlling meteorological factors of MCUI differed substantially among ecosystems. The summer shortwave radiation had the greatest influence on MCUI at DBF sites, while the soil water content played an important but opposite role at ENF and DBF sites, and no significant meteorological driver was found at MF sites. The higher potential of MCUI in explaining IAV and SV of NEP highlights the importance of summer physiology in controlling the forest carbon sequestration, and further confirms the significant role of peak plant growth in regulating carbon cycle of forest ecosystems. Understanding the drivers of peak plant growth is therefore of a great significance for further improving the precious of ecosystem model in the future. ISSN:1470-160X ISSN:1872-7034

Published
2021
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18. Comparaison d'heuristiques pour le calcul de la distance d'édition entre graphes

Author

Sébastien Bougleux, David Blumenthal, Luc Brun, Nicolas Boria, Johann Gamper, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Equipe Image - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), FEDER+Region Normandie., and AGAC

Subjects
Graph databases, Theoretical computer science, Linear programming, Computer science, Similarity search, Nearest neighbor search, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], 02 engineering and technology, ACM: G.: Mathematics of Computing/G.2: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS/G.2.2: Graph Theory/G.2.2.0: Graph algorithms, computer.software_genre, Distance measures, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Empirical evaluation, Graph edit distance, Local search (optimization), Local search (constraint satisfaction), Graph database, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Graph, Hardware and Architecture, ACM: G.: Mathematics of Computing/G.1: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS/G.1.6: Optimization, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, ACM: G.: Mathematics of Computing/G.1: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS/G.1.2: Approximation, Heuristics, business, computer, Assignment problem, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; Because of its flexibility, intuitiveness, and ex-pressivity, the graph edit distance (GED) is one of the most widely used distance measures for labeled graphs. Since exactly computing GED is NP-hard, over the past years, various heuristics have been proposed. They use techniques such as transformations to the linear sum assignment problem with error-correction, local search, and linear programming to approximate GED via upper or lower bounds. In this paper , we provide a systematic overview of the most important heuristics. Moreover, we empirically evaluate all compared heuristics within an integrated implementation.

Published
2019
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19. Method comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe

Author

Wei Yang, Jan Pisek, Corinna Rebmann, Jan-Peter George, Andreas Ibrom, Silvano Fares, Francisco Ramón López Serrano, Caroline Vincke, Giacomo Gerosa, Michael Heliasz, Thomas Grünwald, Holger Lange, Jean-Marc Limousin, Meelis Mölder, Bart Kruijt, Johannes Neirynck, A. Carrara, Hideki Kobayashi, Matthias Cuntz, Matthias Peichl, Kamel Soudani, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Marius Schmidt, Niklas Hase, Petr Lukes, Edoardo Cremonese, Riccardo Marzuoli, Tobias Biermann, Alexander Knohl, Tartu Observatory, Chiba University, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Lund University [Lund], Fundacion CEAM, Universidad de Alicante, Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Brescia] (Unicatt), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, ETSIAM Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), This study was supported from Estonian Research Council Grant PUT1355 and Mobilitas Pluss MOBERC11. Field campaign at Brasschaat site was funded by the Transnational Access scheme of eLTER (Horizon 2020 project grant agreement no. 654359)., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], University of Tartu, ARPA VALLE D'AOSTA SAINT CHRISTOPHE ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CNR – National Research Council, Rome, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Université de Goettingen, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague, Czech Republic] (MBU / CAS), and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Evolution, NDVI, General Decision Sciences, Understory layer, 010501 environmental sciences, Fjernmåling, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Behavior and Systematics, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Forest ecology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Simple ratio, ddc:630, Ecosystem, Leaf area index, Settore FIS/06 - FISICA PER IL SISTEMA TERRA E IL MEZZO CIRCUMTERRESTRE, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diversity, WIMEK, Ecology, Fractional vegetation cover, Earth-monitoring satellites, Biosphere, Understory, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Remote sensing, Ecological indicator, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Jordobservasjon fra satellitter, Forest background reflectivity
Abstract

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key ecological indicator for describing the structure of canopies and for modelling energy exchange between atmosphere and biosphere. While LAI of the forest overstory can be accurately assessed over large spatial scales via remote sensing, LAI of the forest understory (LAIu) is still largely ignored in ecological studies and ecosystem modelling due to the fact that it is often too complex to be destructively sampled or approximated by other site parameters. Additionally, so far only few attempts have been made to retrieve understory LAI via remote sensing, because dense canopies with high LAI are often hindering retrieval algorithms to produce meaningful estimates for understory LAI. Consequently, the forest understory still constitutes a poorly investigated research realm impeding ecological studies to properly account for its contribution to the energy absorption capacity of forest stands. This study aims to compare three conceptually different indirect retrieval methodologies for LAIu over a diverse panel of forest understory types distributed across Europe. For this we carried out near-to-surface measurements of understory reflectance spectra as well as digital surface photography over the extended network of Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) forest ecosystem sites. LAIu was assessed by exploiting the empirical relationship between vegetation cover and light absorption (Beer-Lambert- Bouguer law) as well as by utilizing proposed relationships with two prominent vegetation indices: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR). Retrievals from the three methods were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.63–0.99, RMSE = 0.53–0.72), but exhibited also significant bias depending on the LAI scale. The NDVI based retrieval approach most likely overestimates LAI at productive sites when LAIu > 2, while the simple ratio algorithm overestimates LAIu at sites with sparse understory vegetation and presence of litter or bare soil. The purely empirical method based on the Beer-Lambert law of light absorption seems to offer a good compromise, since it provides reasonable LAIu values at both low and higher LAI ranges. Surprisingly, LAIu variation among sites seems to be largely decoupled from differences in climate and light permeability of the overstory, but significantly increased with vegetation diversity (expressed as species richness) and hence proposes new applications of LAIu in ecological modelling.

Published
2021
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20. PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs

Author

Keith W. Hare, George H. L. Fletcher, Sławek Staworko, Michael Schmidt, Leonid Libkin, Jan Hidders, Stefania Dumbrava, Angela Bonifati, Victor E. Lee, Bei Li, Filip Murlak, Juan F. Sequeda, Wim Martens, Ognjen Savkovic, Dominik Tomaszuk, Renzo Angles, Josh Perryman, Universidad de Talaca, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Faculté des sciences (UCBL FS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), JCC Consulting Inc, Neo4j, Birkbeck College [University of London], TigerGraph, Google LLC, Laboratory for the Foundations of Computer Science [Edinburgh] (LFCS), University of Edinburgh, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Bayreuth, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Interos Inc., Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Amazon Web Services [Seattle] (AWS), data.world, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bialystok, Réponse efficace aux requêtes sous mises à jourEQUUS - ANR-19-CE48-0019AAPG2019 - 2019, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Faculté des sciences et technologies (UCBL FST), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
Focus (computing), Property (philosophy), [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Standardization, Computer science, business.industry, key constraints, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Linked data, 01 natural sciences, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 020204 information systems, Data integrity, Benchmark (surveying), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Position (finance), Use case, Software engineering, business, property graphs
Abstract

International audience; We report on a community effort between industry and academia to shape the future of property graph constraints. The standardization for a property graph query language is currently underway through the ISO Graph Query Language (GQL) project. Our position is that this project should pay close attention to schemas and constraints, and should focus next on key constraints. The main purposes of keys are enforcing data integrity and allowing the referencing and identifying of objects. Motivated by use cases from our industry partners, we argue that key constraints should be able to have different modes, which are combinations of basic restriction that require the key to be exclusive, mandatory, and singleton. Moreover, keys should be applicable to nodes, edges, and properties since these all can represent valid real-life entities. Our result is PG-Keys, a flexible and powerful framework for defining key constraints, which fulfills the above goals. PG-Keys is a design by the Linked Data Benchmark Council's Property Graph Schema Working Group, consisting of members from industry, academia, and ISO GQL standards group, intending to bring the best of all worlds to property graph practitioners. PG-Keys aims to guide the evolution of the standardization efforts towards making systems more useful, powerful, and expressive. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Integrity checking; • Theory of computation → Data modeling; Database constraints theory.

Published
2021
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21. Which optical traits enable an estimation of tree species diversity based on the Spectral Variation Hypothesis?

Author

Duccio Rocchini, Michele Torresani, Hannes Feilhauer, Marc Zebisch, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Giustino Tonon, Torresani, Michele, Feilhauer, Hanne, Rocchini, Duccio, Féret, Jean‐Baptiste, Zebisch, Marc, Tonon, Giustino, University of Bologna, Leipzig University, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Earth Observation [Bolzano], European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, TOSCA program grant of the French Space Agency (CNES) (HyperTropik/HyperBIO projects), and ANR-17-CE32-0001,BioCop,Suivi de la biodiversité tropicale avec les satellites Sentinel-2 du programme Copernicus(2017)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, radiative transfer models, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Biodiversity, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Sentinel-­2, remote sensing, Rao's Q index, functional traits, radiative transfer model, functional trait, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Remote sensing, biodiversity, Estimation, Ecology, Spectral variation, 15. Life on land, Remote sensing (archaeology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Sentinel-2, Tree species, Diversity (business)
Abstract

iesmote sensing of biodiversity has increasedAbstract Question: Which optical traits, retrieved from biophysical models applied to Sentinel-­2 images, enable an estimation of tree species diversity based on the Spectral Variation Hypothesis? Location: Coniferous mountain forest in the eastern Italian Alps. Methods: We analyzed the PROSPECT-­5 and Invertible Forest Reflectance Model (INFORM) biophysical parameters as retrieved from canopy reflectance data of different forest plots (using Sentinel-­2 images for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019) as optical trait indicators (OTIs). We successively tested the Spectral Variation Hypothesis (SVH) for each retrieved OTI using the Rao's Q as heterogeneity index, validating them against Shannon's H values calculated as a tree species diversity index derived from in-­situ collected data. Results: We demonstrated differences among OTIs in terms of how well their vari- ations can be linked to species diversity. In particular the variations of brown pig- ments (Cbrown), carotenoids (Car) and chlorophyll content (Cab) can be considered the most relevant OTIs for the application of the SVH when using the Rao's Q as a proxy for tree species diversity in our study site. Conclusions: This research underlined that the OTIs contribute differently in the SVH to estimate tree species diversity, highlighting significant positive correlations between tree species diversity and the spatial heterogeneity of the estimated pig- ment content (Cab, Car, Cbrown).

Published
2021
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22. The effect of earthworms on plant response in metal contaminated soil focusing on belowground-aboveground relationships

Author

Hullot, Olivier, Lamy, Isabelle, Tiziani, Raphael, Mimmo, Tanja, Ciadamidaro, Lisa, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and MAGIC project - European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Subjects
Marginal land, Bioavailability, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trace element, food and beverages, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Root exudates, complex mixtures, Biofertilization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Contaminated soils are lands in Europe deemed less favourable for conventional agriculture. To overcome the problem of their poor fertility, bio-fertilization could be a promising approach. Soil inoculation with a choice of biological species (e.g. earthworm, mycorrhizal fungi, diazotroph bacteria) can be performed in order to improve soil properties and promote nutrients recycling. However, questions arise concerning the dynamics of the contaminants in an inoculated soil. The aim of this study was to highlight the soil-plant-earthworm interactions in the case of a slightly contaminated soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment in controlled conditions was carried out during 2 months with a Cd, Zn, and Cu contaminated sandy soil, including conditions with or without earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) and with or without plants (Lolium perenne). The three components of the trace element bioavailability were studied to understand the belowground-aboveground relationships and were quantified as followed: i) environmental availability in soils by measuring trace element concentrations in soil solution, ii) environmental bioavailability for organisms by measuring trace element concentrations in depurated whole earthworms bodies and in the plant aerial biomass, and iii) toxicological bioavailability, by measuring survival rate and body weight changes for earthworms and biomass for plants. The results showed that earthworm inoculation increased the content of all studied TE in soil solution. Moreover, lower concentrations of Cd and Zn were found in plants in the presence of earthworms while the bioavailability decreased when compared to the condition without plants. The trace element bioaccumulation in earthworms did not produce a direct toxicity, according to the earthworm survival rate and body weight results. Finally, our pot experiment confirmed that even in contaminated soils, the presence of A. caliginosa promotes plant adaptation and improves biomass production, reducing trace element uptake.

Published
2021
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23. Self-Diffusion Scalings in Dense Granular Flows

Author

Riccardo Artoni, Michele Larcher, Patrick Richard, James T. Jenkins, Granulats et Procédés d'Elaboration des Matériaux (MAST-GPEM ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Cornell Tech [New York], and Cornell University [New York]

Subjects
Shearing (physics), Physics, Self-diffusion, granular materials, diffusion, DEM, FOS: Physical sciences, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Shear rate, Gravitation, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), SPHERES, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Scaling
Abstract

We report on measurements of self-diffusion coefficients in discrete numerical simulations of steady, homogeneous, collisional shearing flows of nearly identical, frictional, inelastic spheres. We focus on a range of relatively high solid volume fractions that are important in those terrestrial gravitational shearing flows that are dominated by collisional interactions. Diffusion over this range of solid fraction has not been well characterized in previous studies. We first compare the measured values with an empirical scaling based on shear rate previously proposed in the literature, and highlight the presence of anisotropy and the solid fraction dependence. We then compare the numerical measurements with those predicted by the kinetic theory for shearing flows of inelastic spheres and offer an explanation for why the measured and predicted values differ., Comment: Published in Soft Matterhttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/sm/d0sm01846e\#!divAbstract

Published
2021
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24. Scalable generalized median graph estimation and its manifold use in bioinformatics, clustering, classification, and indexing

Author

Blumenthal, David, Boria, Nicolas, Bougleux, Sébastien, Brun, Luc, Gamper, Johann, Gaüzère, Benoit, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Image - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Projet Régional Normandie: AGAC, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Median graph, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Graph edit distance, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we present GMG-BCU — a local search algorithm based on block coordinate update for estimating a generalized median graph for a given collection of labeled or unlabeled input graphs. Unlike all competitors, GMG-BCU is designed for both discrete and continuous label spaces and can be configured to run in linear time w. r. t. the size of the graph collection whenever median node and edge labels are computable in linear time. These properties make GMG-BCU usable for applications such as differential microbiome data analysis, graph classification, clustering, and indexing. We also prove theoretical properties of generalized median graphs, namely, that they exist under reasonable assumptions which are met in almost all application scenarios, that they are in general non-unique, that they are -hard to compute and -hard to approximate, and that no polynomial -approximation exists for any unless the graph isomorphism problem is in . Extensive experiments on six different datasets show that our heuristic GMG-BCU always outperforms the state of the art in terms of runtime or quality (on most datasets, both w. r. t. runtime and quality), that it is the only available heuristic which can cope with collections containing several thousands of graphs, and that it shows very promising potential when used for the aforementioned applications. GMG-BCU is freely available on GitHub: https://github.com/dbblumenthal/gedlib/

Published
2021
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25. From local spectral species to global spectral communities: A benchmark for ecosystem diversity estimate by remote sensing

Author

Kate S. He, Harini Nagendra, Michael Förster, Martin Wegmann, Thomas W. Gillespie, Vítĕzslav Moudrý, Birgit Kleinschmit, Duccio Rocchini, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Marco Malavasi, Nicole Salvatori, Florian de Boissieu, Davnah Payne, Heidi C. Hauffe, Carol X. Garzon-Lopez, Alessandro Chiarucci, Petra Šímová, Jonathan Lenoir, Michele Torresani, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], University of Bayreuth, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of California (UC), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), PES University [Bengaluru], University of Bern, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Horizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeCentre National d’Etudes Spatiales, ANR-17-CE32-0001,BioCop,Suivi de la biodiversité tropicale avec les satellites Sentinel-2 du programme Copernicus(2017), Rocchini D., Salvatori N., Beierkuhnlein C., Chiarucci A., de Boissieu F., Forster M., Garzon-Lopez C.X., Gillespie T.W., Hauffe H.C., He K.S., Kleinschmit B., Lenoir J., Malavasi M., Moudry V., Nagendra H., Payne D., Simova P., Torresani M., Wegmann M., Feret J.-B., Rocchini, D., Salvatori, N., Beierkuhnlein, C., Chiarucci, A., de Boissieu, F., Forster, M., Garzon-Lopez, C. X., Gillespie, T. W., Hauffe, H. C., He, K. S., Kleinschmit, B., Lenoir, J., Malavasi, M., Moudry, V., Nagendra, H., Payne, D., Simova, P., Torresani, M., Wegmann, M., Feret, J. -B., University of Bologna, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University Berlin, and University of California

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Earth observation, Ecological informatic, Biodiversity, Earth Observations, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Satellite imagery, Ecosystem diversity, Imaging Spectroscopy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Remote sensing, Ecological informatics, Spectral signature, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Applied Mathematics, Ecological Modeling, 15. Life on land, Field (geography), Computer Science Applications, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 13. Climate action, Modeling and Simulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Species richness, Rapideye, Global biodiversity
Abstract

In the light of unprecedented change in global biodiversity, real-time and accurate ecosystem and biodiversity assessments are becoming increasingly essential. Nevertheless, estimation of biodiversity using ecological field data can be difficult for several reasons. For instance, for very large areas, it is challenging to collect data that provide reliable information. Some of these restrictions in Earth observation can be avoided through the use ofremote sensingapproaches. Various studies have estimated biodiversity on the basis of the Spectral Variation Hypothesis (SVH). According to this hypothesis, spectral heterogeneity over the different pixel units of a spatial grid reflects a higher niche heterogeneity, allowing more organisms to coexist. Recently, the spectral species concept has been derived, following the consideration that spectral heterogeneity at a landscape scale corresponds to a combination of subspaces sharing a similarspectral signature. With the use of high resolution remote sensing data, on a local scale, these subspaces can be identified as separate spectral entities, the so called “spectral species”. Our approach extends this concept over wide spatial extents and to a higher level of biological organization. We applied this method toMODISimagery data across Europe. Obviously, in this case, a spectral species identified by MODIS is not associated to a singleplant speciesin the field but rather to a species assemblage, habitat, or ecosystem. Based on such spectral information, we propose a straightforward method to deriveα- (local relative abundance and richness of spectral species) andβ-diversity (turnover of spectral species) maps over wide geographical areas.

Published
2021
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26. Soil erosion modelling: A bibliometric analysis

Author

Chiyuan Miao, Markus Möller, Cristiano Ballabio, Peter Fiener, Ivan Lizaga Villuendas, Mark A. Nearing, Nikolaos Efthimiou, Jae E. Yang, Christine Alewell, Francesco Gentile, Anna Maria De Girolamo, Aliakbar Nazari Samani, Andreas Gericke, Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira, Amelie Jeanneau, Pablo Alvarez, Konstantinos Kaffas, Diogo Noses Spinola, Marcella Biddoccu, Nejc Bezak, Pasquale Borrelli, Guangju Zhao, Michele Freppaz, Gizaw Desta Gessesse, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Sergio Saia, Luigi Lombardo, Diana Vieira, Hongfen Teng, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Walter W. Chen, Nazzareno Diodato, Changjia Li, Calogero Schillaci, Detlef Deumlich, Shuiqing Yin, Raquel de Castro Portes, Gunay Erpul, Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache, Laura Quijano, Konstantinos Vantas, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Artemi Cerdà, Mohammed Renima, Sirio Modugno, Laura Poggio, Cristian Valeriu Patriche, Edouard Patault, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Vasileios Syrris, Demetrio Antonio Zema, Jantiene Baartman, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, Michael Maerker, Devraj Chalise, Bifeng Hu, Hyuck Soo Kim, Giovanni Francesco Ricci, Dinesh Panday, Matjaž Mikoš, Stephen Owusu, Panos Panagos, Songchao Chen, Victoria Naipal, Manuel López-Vicente, Resham Thapa, Department of Earth Systems Analysis, UT-I-ITC-4DEarth, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Bezak, N., Mikos, M., Borrelli, P., Alewell, C., Alvarez, P., Anache, J. A. A., Baartman, J., Ballabio, C., Biddoccu, M., Cerda, A., Chalise, D., Chen, S., Chen, W., De Girolamo, A. M., Gessesse, G. D., Deumlich, D., Diodato, N., Efthimiou, N., Erpul, G., Fiener, P., Freppaz, M., Gentile, F., Gericke, A., Haregeweyn, N., Hu, B., Jeanneau, A., Kaffas, K., Kiani-Harchegani, M., Villuendas, I. L., Li, C., Lombardo, L., Lopez-Vicente, M., Lucas-Borja, M. E., Maerker, M., Miao, C., Modugno, S., Moller, M., Naipal, V., Nearing, M., Owusu, S., Panday, D., Patault, E., Patriche, C. V., Poggio, L., Portes, R., Quijano, L., Rahdari, M. R., Renima, M., Ricci, G. F., Rodrigo-Comino, J., Saia, S., Samani, A. N., Schillaci, C., Syrris, V., Kim, H. S., Spinola, D. N., Oliveira, P. T., Teng, H., Thapa, R., Vantas, K., Vieira, D., Yang, J. E., Yin, S., Zema, D. A., Zhao, G., Panagos, P., Slovenian Research Agency, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Lizaga Villuendas, Iván [0000-0003-4372-5901], Quijano Gaudes, Laura [0000-0002-2334-2818], Lizaga Villuendas, Iván, Quijano Gaudes, Laura, University of Ljubljana, University of Pavia, Kangwon National University, University of Basel (Unibas), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National University of Loja, University of São Paulo (USP), FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL CAMPO GRANDE BRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility ( (STEMS)), National Research Council of Italy, University of Valencia,Valencia, SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND RURAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND ARMIDALE AUS, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Taipei University of technology [Taipei] (TAIPEI TECH), National Taipei University of Technology, WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ROME, ITA, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Leibniz-Center for Agricultural Landscape Research Muencheberg (ZALF), Met European Research Observatory (MetEROBS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), University of Ankara, Universität Augsburg [Augsburg], University of Turin, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Tottori University, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE), University of Adelaide, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Yazd University, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Beijing Normal University (BNU), University of Twente [Netherlands], Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations, University of Leicester, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Soil Research Institute, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Normandie Université (NU), Romanian Academy, World Soil Information (ISRIC), Minas Gerais State University, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Torbat Heydarieh, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Trier University of Applied Sciences, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Tehran, University of Milan, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan University [China], University of Maryland [Baltimore], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Environment and Planning (DAO), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, and Northwest A and F University

Subjects
Research impact, Calibration (statistics), Geography & travel, Decision tree, Participatory network, Agricultural engineering, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, Participatory modeling, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Bibliometric, ITC-HYBRID, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil, 0302 clinical medicine, Citation analysis, Benchmark (surveying), Soil erosion modelling, Systematic literature review, Agriculture, Publications, Bibliometrics, Soil Erosion, ddc:550, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, ddc:910, WIMEK, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Bibliographic coupling, Soil Physics and Land Management, 13. Climate action, Citation analysi, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, Erosion, Environmental science, Publication, Scale (map), ISRIC - World Soil Information
Abstract

16 Pags.- 12 Figs.- 8 Tabls., Soil erosion can present a major threat to agriculture due to loss of soil, nutrients, and organic carbon. Therefore, soil erosion modelling is one of the steps used to plan suitable soil protection measures and detect erosion hotspots. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns and soil erosion modelling characteristics that can help identify steps needed to enhance the research conducted in this field. Therefore, a detailed bibliometric analysis, including investigation of collaboration networks and citation patterns, should be conducted. The updated version of the Global Applications of Soil Erosion Modelling Tracker (GASEMT) database contains information about citation characteristics and publication type. Here, we investigated the impact of the number of authors, the publication type and the selected journal on the number of citations. Generalized boosted regression tree (BRT) modelling was used to evaluate the most relevant variables related to soil erosion modelling. Additionally, bibliometric networks were analysed and visualized. This study revealed that the selection of the soil erosion model has the largest impact on the number of publication citations, followed by the modelling scale and the publication's CiteScore. Some of the other GASEMT database attributes such as model calibration and validation have negligible influence on the number of citations according to the BRT model. Although it is true that studies that conduct calibration, on average, received around 30% more citations, than studies where calibration was not performed. Moreover, the bibliographic coupling and citation networks show a clear continental pattern, although the co-authorship network does not show the same characteristics. Therefore, soil erosion modellers should conduct even more comprehensive review of past studies and focus not just on the research conducted in the same country or continent. Moreover, when evaluating soil erosion models, an additional focus should be given to field measurements, model calibration, performance assessment and uncertainty of modelling results. The results of this study indicate that these GASEMT database attributes had smaller impact on the number of citations, according to the BRT model, than anticipated, which could suggest that these attributes should be given additional attention by the soil erosion modelling community. This study provides a kind of bibliographic benchmark for soil erosion modelling research papers as modellers can estimate the influence of their paper., Nejc Bezak and Matjaž Mikoš would like to acknowledge the support of the Slovenian Research Agency through grant P2-0180. Diana Vieira is funded by national funds (OE), through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen - DL57/2016 (CDL-CTTRI-97-ARH/2018 - REF.191-97-ARH/2018), and acknowledges CESAM financial support of through (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020). Jae E. Yang and Pasquale Borrelli are funded by the EcoSSSoil Project, Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI), Korea (Grant No. 2019002820004). Walter Chen is funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan) Research Project (Grant Number MOST 109-2121-M-027-001).

Published
2021
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27. Upper Bounding Graph Edit Distance Based on Rings and Machine Learning

Author

David Blumenthal, Johann Gamper, Sébastien Bougleux, Luc Brun, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (unibz), Equipe Image - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Theoretical computer science, business.industry, Computer science, Computation, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 02 engineering and technology, Computer Science::Social and Information Networks, Measure (mathematics), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Artificial Intelligence, Bounding overwatch, 020204 information systems, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Graph edit distance, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Heuristics, business, Software, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The graph edit distance (GED) is a flexible distance measure which is widely used for inexact graph matching. Since its exact computation is [Formula: see text]-hard, heuristics are used in practice. A popular approach is to obtain upper bounds for GED via transformations to the linear sum assignment problem with error-correction (LSAPE). Typically, local structures and distances between them are employed for carrying out this transformation, but recently also machine learning techniques have been used. In this paper, we formally define a unifying framework LSAPE-GED for transformations from GED to LSAPE. We also introduce rings, a new kind of local structures designed for graphs where most information resides in the topology rather than in the node labels. Furthermore, we propose two new ring-based heuristics RING and RING-ML, which instantiate LSAPE-GED using the traditional and the machine learning-based approach for transforming GED to LSAPE, respectively. Extensive experiments show that using rings for upper bounding GED significantly improves the state of the art on datasets where most information resides in the graphs’ topologies. This closes the gap between fast but rather inaccurate LSAPE-based heuristics and more accurate but significantly slower GED algorithms based on local search.

Published
2021
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28. Creative Solutions for a Sustainable Development

Author

Borgianni, Yuri, Brad, Stelian, Cavallucci, Denis, Livotov, Pavel, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Applied Sciences [Offenburg], TC5, and WG 5.4

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering
Published
2021
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29. Topics and trends in Mountain Livestock Farming research: a text mining approach

Author

B. Martin, Werner Zollitsch, C Morgan-Davies, A. Zuliani, Giulio Cozzi, M.K. Schneider, G. Arsenos, Alberto Bernués, O. Holand, Barbara Contiero, Matthias Gauly, Peter Dovč, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], University Hospital of Padua, Agroscope, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scotlands Rural Coll SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland, and Partenaires INRAE

Subjects
Topic model, Animal production, Farms, Livestock, Research topics, Text mining, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Producción animal, Biodiversity, SF1-1100, 0403 veterinary science, Mountain agriculture, Ruminants, Animals, Cattle, Data Mining, Europe, Sheep, Agriculture, Agricultura de montaña, Quality (business), Socioeconomic status, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Rumiante, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Livelihood, 040201 dairy & animal science, Documentación, Variety (cybernetics), Animal culture, Geography, 13. Climate action, Primary sector of the economy, Sustainability, Investigación, Animal Science and Zoology, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; Pasture-based and small-scale livestock farming systems are the main source of livelihood in the mountain primary sector, ensuring socioeconomic sustainability and biodiversity in rural communities throughout Europe and beyond. Mountain livestock farming (MLF) has attracted substantial research efforts from a wide variety of scientific communities worldwide. In this study, the use of text mining and topic modelling analysis drew a detailed picture of the main research topics dealing with MLF and their trends over the last four decades. The final data corpus used for the analysis counted 2 679 documents, of which 92% were peer-reviewed scientific publications. The number of scientific outputs in MLF doubled every 10 years since 1980. Text mining found that milk, goat and sheep were the terms with the highest weighed frequency in the data corpus. Ten meaningful topics were identified by topic analysis: T1-Livestock management and vegetation dynamics; T2-Animal health and epidemiology; T3-Methodological studies on cattle; T4-Production system and sustainability; T5-Methodological studies; T6-Wildlife and conservation studies; T7-Reproduction and performance; T8-Dairy/meat production and quality; T9-Land use and its change and T10-Genetic/genomic studies. A hierarchical dustering analysis was performed to explore the interrelationships among topics, and three main clusters were identified: the first focused on sustainability, conservation and socioeconomic aspects (T4; T6 and T9), the second was related to food production and quality (17 and T8) and the last one considered methodological studies on mountain flora and fauna (T1 ; 12; T3; TS and T10). The 10 topics identified represent a useful and a starting source of information for further and more detailed analysis (e.g. systematic review) of specific research or geographical areas. A truly holistic and interdisciplinary research approach is needed to identify drivers of change and to understand current and future challenges faced by livestock farming in mountain areas.

Published
2021
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31. A new generation of sensors and monitoring tools to support climate-smart forestry practices

Author

Melanie Smith, Enrico Tomelleri, Lisa Wingate, Lindsey E. Rustad, Thomas Matthew Robson, John D. Marshall, Marta Benito Garzón, Chiara Torresan, Pietro Panzacchi, Roberto Tognetti, Daniel Kneeshaw, Michael J. O'Grady, Gianni Picchi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology [Helsinki], Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Forest Science, Forest management, Internet of Things, green technologies, Climate change, Forestry, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, ecosystem regime shifts, climate change, wireless sensor network, 13. Climate action, citizen science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, early warning signals, Business, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Climate-smart forestry (CSF) is an emerging branch of sustainable adaptive forest management aimed at enhancing the potential of forests to adapt to and mitigate climate change. It relies on much higher data requirements than traditional forestry. These data requirements can be met by new devices that support continuous, in situ monitoring of forest conditions in real time. We propose a comprehensive network of sensors, i.e., a wireless sensor network (WSN), that can be part of a worldwide network of interconnected uniquely addressable objects, an Internet of Things (IoT), which can make data available in near real time to multiple stakeholders, including scientists, foresters, and forest managers, and may partially motivate citizens to participate in big data collection. The use of in situ sources of monitoring data as ground-truthed training data for remotely sensed data can boost forest monitoring by increasing the spatial and temporal scales of the monitoring, leading to a better understanding of forest processes and potential threats. Here, some of the key developments and applications of these sensors are outlined, together with guidelines for data management. Examples are given of their deployment to detect early warning signals (EWS) of ecosystem regime shifts in terms of forest productivity, health, and biodiversity. Analysis of the strategic use of these tools highlights the opportunities for engaging citizens and forest managers in this new generation of forest monitoring.

Published
2021
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32. Editorial

Author

Bikakis, Antonis, Hyvönen, Eero, Jean, Stéphane, Markhoff, Béatrice, Mosca, Alessandro, University College London, Professorship Hyvönen Eero, Université de Poitiers, Université de Tours, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Digital Humanities, data access and exploration, knowledge graphs and Linked Data, ontologies and information modelling, Cultural Heritage, Semantics
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities have become major application fields of Linked Data and Semantic Web technologies. This editorial introduces the special issue of the Semantic Web (SWJ) journal on Semantic Web for Cultural Heritage. In total 30 submissions for the call of papers were received, of which 11 were selected for publication. The papers cover a wide spectrum of modelled topics related to language, reading and writing, narratives, historical events and cultural artefacts, while describing reusable methodologies and tools for cultural data management. This issue indicates and demonstrates the high potential of Semantic Web technologies for applications in the Cultural Heritage domain.

Published
2021

34. Skipping the Insect Vector: Plant Stolon Transmission of the Phytopathogen ‘Ca. Phlomobacter fragariae’ from the Arsenophonus Clade of Insect Endosymbionts

Author

Xavier Foissac, Franco Faoro, Thierry Lusseau, Jessica Dittmer, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], plant-microbe interactions, Plante fruitière, Pathologie végétale, Insect, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Planthopper, Strawberry Marginal Chlorosis, food, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Clade, pathogen transmission, lcsh:Science, Bactérie phytopathogène, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Chlorosis, biology, Host (biology), Stolon, fungi, food and beverages, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Mollicute, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Insect Science, Fruit, Insecte vecteur, bacteria, lcsh:Q, Phloem, Arsenophonus, planthopper, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The genus Arsenophonus represents one of the most widespread clades of insect endosymbionts, including reproductive manipulators and bacteriocyte-associated primary endosymbionts. Two strains belonging to the Arsenophonus clade have been identified as insect-vectored plant pathogens of strawberry and sugar beet. The bacteria accumulate in the phloem of infected plants, ultimately causing leaf yellows and necrosis. These symbionts therefore represent excellent model systems to investigate the evolutionary transition from a purely insect-associated endosymbiont towards an insect-vectored phytopathogen. Using quantitative PCR and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that &lsquo, Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae&rsquo, bacterial symbiont of the planthopper Cixius wagneri and the causative agent of Strawberry Marginal Chlorosis disease, can be transmitted from an infected strawberry plant to multiple daughter plants through stolons. Stolons are horizontally growing stems enabling the nutrient provisioning of daughter plants during their early growth phase. Our results show that Phlomobacter was abundant in the phloem sieve elements of stolons and was efficiently transmitted to daughter plants, which rapidly developed disease symptoms. From an evolutionary perspective, Phlomobacter is, therefore, not only able to survive within the plant after transmission by the insect vector, but can even be transmitted to new plant generations, independently from its ancestral insect host.

Published
2021
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35. Resource separation in dynamic logic of propositional assignments (In Press, Journal Pre-proof)

Author

Boudou, Joseph, Herzig, Andreas, Troquard, Nicolas, Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT-LILaC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Subjects
Dynamic logic, [INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], [MATH.MATH-LO]Mathematics [math]/Logic [math.LO], TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS, Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science, separation logic, parallel composition, propositional assignments, concurrency, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; We extend dynamic logic of propositional assignments by adding an operator of parallel composition that is inspired by separation logics. We provide an axiomatisation via reduction axioms, thereby establishing decidability. We also prove that the complexity of both the model checking and the satisfiability problem stay in PSPACE.

Published
2021
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36. rasterdiv ‐ an Information Theory tailored R package for measuring ecosystem heterogeneity from space: to the origin and back

Author

Rocchini, Duccio, Thouverai, Elisa, Marcantonio, Matteo, Iannacito, Martina, Da Re, Daniele, Torresani, Michele, Bacaro, Giovanni, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Bernardi, Alessandra, Foody, Giles M., Furrer, Reinhard, Kleijn, David, Larsen, Stefano, Lenoir, Jonathan, Malavasi, Marco, Marchetto, Messori, Filippo, Montaghi, Alessandro, Moudr'y, V'itvezslav, Naimi, Babak, Ricotta, Carlo, Rossini, Micol, Santi, Francesco, Santos, Maria J., Schaepman, Michael E., Schneider, Fabian D., Schuh, Leila, Silvestri, Sonia, 'imov'a, Petra, Skidmore, Andrew K., Tattoni, Clara, Tordoni, Enrico, Vicario, Saverio, Zannini, Piero, Wegmann, Martin, University of Zurich, Rocchini, Duccio, Department of Natural Resources, UT-I-ITC-FORAGES, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), High-End Parallel Algorithms for Challenging Numerical Simulations (HiePACS), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Macquarie University, University of Twente, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), H2020 Project SHOWCASE [862480], H2020 COST Action European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [CA17134], Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [80NM0018D0004], University of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB), Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Swiss National Science Foundation Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [SNSF-175529], Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, European Project: 862480,SHOWCASE(2020), University of California, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Università degli studi di Trieste, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Twente [Netherlands], Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Thouverai, Elisa, Marcantonio, Matteo, Iannacito, Martina, DA RE, Daniele, Torresani, Michele, Bacaro, Giovanni, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Bernardi, Alessandra, Foody, Giles M., Furrer, Reinhard, Kleijn, David, Larsen, Stefano, Lenoir, Jonathan, Malavasi, Marco, Marchetto, Elisa, Messori, Filippo, Montaghi, Alessandro, Moudrý, Vı́tězslav, Naimi, Babak, Ricotta, Carlo, Rossini, Micol, Santi, Francesco, Santos, Maria J., Schaepman, Michael, Schneider, Fabian, Schuh, Leila, Silvestri, Sonia, Šı́mová, Petra, Skidmore, Andrew K., Tattoni, Clara, Tordoni, Enrico, Vicario, Saverio, Zannini, Piero, Wegmann, Martin, Rocchini D., Thouverai E., Marcantonio M., Iannacito M., Da Re D., Torresani M., Bacaro G., Bazzichetto M., Bernardi A., Foody G.M., Furrer R., Kleijn D., Larsen S., Lenoir J., Malavasi M., Marchetto E., Messori F., Montaghi A., Moudry V., Naimi B., Ricotta C., Rossini M., Santi F., Santos M.J., Schaepman M.E., Schneider F.D., Schuh L., Silvestri S., Simova P., Skidmore A.K., Tattoni C., Tordoni E., Vicario S., Zannini P., Wegmann M., UCL - SST/ELI - Earth and Life Institute, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Rocchini, D, Thouverai, E, Marcantonio, M, Iannacito, M, Da Re, D, Torresani, M, Bacaro, G, Bazzichetto, M, Bernardi, A, Foody, G, Furrer, R, Kleijn, D, Larsen, S, Lenoir, J, Malavasi, M, Marchetto, E, Messori, F, Montaghi, A, Moudry, V, Naimi, B, Ricotta, C, Rossini, M, Santi, F, Santos, M, Schaepman, M, Schneider, F, Schuh, L, Silvestri, S, Simova, P, Skidmore, A, Tattoni, C, Tordoni, E, Vicario, S, Zannini, P, and Wegmann, M

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity, ecological informatic, 340 Law, Information theory, Space (mathematics), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, remote sensing, Feature (machine learning), biodiversity, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, Spatial Heterogeneity, PE&RC, 10123 Institute of Mathematics, 10122 Institute of Geography, ecological informatics, modeling, satellite imagery, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Data mining, 1171 Geosciences, Application, Evolution, Ecology (disciplines), Population, Metapopulation, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, 610 Medicine & health, 85 satellite imagery, 010603 evolutionary biology, ITC-HYBRID, modelling, 510 Mathematics, 2302 Ecological Modeling, Behavior and Systematics, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Ecosystem, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biodiversity, ecological informatics, modelling, remote sensing, satellite imagery, Ecological indicator, Ecological Modelling, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Spatial Ecology, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, Key (cryptography), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), computer
Abstract

Ecosystem heterogeneity has been widely recognized as a key ecological feature, influencing several ecological functions, since it is strictly related to several ecological functions like diversity patterns and change, metapopulation dynamics, population connectivity, or gene flow.In this paper, we present a new R package - rasterdiv - to calculate heterogeneity indices based on remotely sensed data. We also provide an ecological application at the landscape scale and demonstrate its power in revealing potentially hidden heterogeneity patterns.The rasterdiv package allows calculating multiple indices, robustly rooted in Information Theory, and based on reproducible open source algorithms.

Published
2020
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37. On Domain Modelling and Requisite Variety

Author

Proper, Henderik, Guizzardi, Giancarlo, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Jānis Grabis, Dominik Bork, TC 8, and WG 8.1

Subjects
Conceptual modelling, Domain modelling, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Requisite Variety
Abstract

Part 4:Foundations and Applications of Enterprise Modeling; International audience; In the 1950’s, W. Ross Ashby introduced the Law of Requisite Variety in the context of General Systems Theory. A key concept underlying this theory is the notion of variety, defined as the total number of distinct states of a system (in the most general sense). We argue that domain modelling (including enterprise modelling) needs to confront different forms of variety, also resulting in a need to “reflect”/“manage” this variety. The aim of this paper is to, inspired by Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, explore some of the forms of variety that confront domain modelling, as well as the potential consequences for models, modelling languages, and the act of modelling. To this end, we start with a review of our current understanding of domain modelling (including enterprise modelling), and the role of modelling languages. We then briefly discuss then notion of Requisite Variety as introduced by Ashby, which we then explore in the context of domain modelling.

Published
2020
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38. Modeling Trust in Enterprise Architecture: A Pattern Language for ArchiMate

Author

Giancarlo Guizzardi, João Paulo A. Almeida, Glenda C. M. Amaral, Tiago Prince Sales, Daniele Porello, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), Jānis Grabis, Dominik Bork, TC 8, and WG 8.1

Subjects
Pattern language, Knowledge management, business.industry, Computer science, Enterprise architecture, Data_MISCELLANEOUS, Trust modeling, Representation (systemics), Cornerstone, ArchiMate, 02 engineering and technology, Information repository, Ontology (information science), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Resource (project management), 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract

Part 2:Enterprise Modeling and Enterprise Architecture; International audience; Trust is widely acknowledged as the cornerstone of relationships in social life. But what makes an agent trust a person, a resource or an organization? Which characteristics should a trustee have in order to be considered trustworthy? The importance of understanding trust in organizations has motivated us to investigate the representation of trust concerns in enterprise models. Based on a well-founded reference ontology of trust, we propose a pattern language for trust modeling in ArchiMate. We present a first iteration of the design cycle, which includes the development of the pattern language and its demonstration by means of a realistic case study about trust in a COVID-19 data repository.

Published
2020
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39. Deadlines and MOOCs: How Do Students Behave in MOOCs with and without Deadlines

Author

Tommi Mikkonen, Petri Ihantola, Miska Noponen, Arto Hellas, Ilenia Fronza, University of Helsinki, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Lecturer Hellas Arto group, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Department of Education, Empirical Software Engineering research group, Mind and Matter, and Maker@STEAM

Subjects
Schedule, Goto, 4. Education, Massive open online course, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, 0102 computer and information sciences, Retention rate, 113 Computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, Programming profession, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Mathematics education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Student activities, Computer aided instruction, Psychology, 0503 education, Pace
Abstract

Initial entry. IEEE has not yet published the paper in their digital library and no DOI exists. Online education can be delivered in many ways. For example, some MOOCs let students to proceed with their own pace, while others rely on strict schedules. Although the variety of how MOOCs can be organized is generally well understood, less is known about how the different ways of organizing MOOCs affect retention. In this work, we compare self-paced and fixed-schedule MOOCs in terms of retention and work-load. Using data from over 8.000 students participating in two versions of a massive open online course in programming, we observe that drop-out rates at the beginning of the courses are greater than towards the end of the courses, with self-paced MOOC being more extreme in this respect. Mostly because of different starts, the fixed-schedule course has a better overall retention rate (45%) than its self-paced counterpart (13%). We hypothesize that students initial investment of time and effort contributes to their persistence in their course, meaning that they do not want to let their initial investment go to waste. At the same time, in both self-paced and fixed-schedule MOOCs, there are students who receive almost full points from one week but fail to continue to the next week. This suggests that the issue of dropouts in MOOCs may also be related to participants struggling to take up new tasks or schedule their work over a longer time period. Our results support scheduling student activities in open online courses and opens up new research directions in engaging students in self-paced courses.

Published
2020

40. UAV-based training for fully fuzzy classification of Sentinel-2 fluvial scenes

Author

Marco Micotti, B. Lastoria, M. Casaioli, Simone Bizzi, Barbara Belletti, Patrice Carbonneau, Giulia Marchetti, S. Mariani, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering [Milano] (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Durham University, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)

Subjects
Fuzzy classification, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, UAV, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, super-resolution, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fuzzy logic, Convolutional neural network, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Image resolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, fuzzy supervised classification, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, fluvial environments, machine learning, Sentinel-2, Pixel, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Pattern recognition, Radiance, Artificial intelligence, business, Classifier (UML), Communication channel
Abstract

An estimated 76% of global stream area is occupied by channels with widths above 30 meters. Sentinel‐2 imagery with resolutions of 10m could supply information about the composition of river corridors at national and global scales. Fuzzy classification models that infer sub‐pixel composition could further be used to compensate for small channel widths imaged at 10m of spatial resolution. A major challenge to this approach is the acquisition of suitable training data useable in machine learning models that can predict land‐cover type information from image radiance values. In this contribution, we present a method which combines unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and Sentinel‐2 imagery in order to develop a fuzzy classification approach capable of large‐scale investigations. Our approach uses hyperspatial UAV imagery in order to derive high resolution class information that can be used to train fuzzy classification models for Sentinel‐2 data where all bands are super‐resolved to a spatial resolution of 10 meters. We use a multi‐temporal UAV dataset covering an area of 5.25 km2. Using a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier, we predict sub‐pixel membership for Sentinel‐2 pixels in the fluvial corridor as divided into classes of water, vegetation and dry sediment. Our CNN model can predict fuzzy class memberships with median errors from ‐5% to +3% and mean absolute errors from 10% to 20%. We also show that our CNN fuzzy predictor can be used to predict crisp classes with accuracies from 95.5% to 99.9%. Finally, we use an example to show how a fuzzy CNN model trained with localised UAV data can be applied to longer channel reaches and detect new vegetation growth. We therefore argue that the novel use of UAVs as field validation tools for freely available satellite data can bridge the scale gap between local and regional fluvial studies

Published
2020
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41. Belief functions for safety arguments confidence estimation : A comparative study

Author

Yassir Idmessaoud, Didier Dubois, Jérémie Guiochet, Équipe Tolérance aux fautes et Sûreté de Fonctionnement informatique (LAAS-TSF), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Research Centre on Knowledge and Data (KRDB), and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Subjects
Estimation, Statement (computer science), Evidence fusion, Computer science, Management science, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, 02 engineering and technology, Notation, Rotation formalisms in three dimensions, Structuring, Dempster–Shafer theory (DST), Consistency (negotiation), Safety cases, Argument, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Logical data model, Goal Structuring Notation (GSN), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 0503 education, Confidence Assessment
Abstract

International audience; Structured safety arguments are widely applied in critical systems to demonstrate their safety and other attributes. Graphical formalisms such as Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) are used to represent these argument structures. However, they do not take into account the uncertainty that may exist in parts of these arguments. To address this issue, several frameworks for confidence assessment have been proposed. In this paper, a comparative study is carried out on three approaches based on Dempster-Shafer theory. We extract and compare the implicit logic at work in these works, and show that, to some extent, these current approaches fail to provide a consistent relationship between the informal statement of arguments, their logical model and the use of belief functions. We also propose recommendations to improve this consistency.; Les argumentaires de sécurité sont largement appliqués dans les systèmes critiques pour démontrer leur sûreté et d'autres attributs. Des formalismes graphiques tels que le GSN (Goal Structuring Notation) sont utilisés pour représenter ces argumentaires. Cependant, ces derniers ne tiennent pas compte de l'incertitude qui peut exister dans certaines parties de ces argumentaires. Pour résoudre ce problème, plusieurs méthodes d'évaluation de la confiance ont été proposés. Dans le présent document, une étude comparative est menée sur trois approches basées sur la théorie de Dempster-Shafer. Nous extrayons et comparons la logique implicite utilisée dans ces travaux, et nous montrons que, dans une certaine mesure, ces approches actuelles ne parviennent pas à établir une relation cohérente entre les expressions informelles des arguments (objectifs), leur modèle logique et l'utilisation des fonctions de croyance. Nous proposons également des recommandations pour améliorer cette cohérence.

Published
2020
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42. Provenance for the Description Logic ELHr (Extended Abstract)

Author

Bourgaux, Camille, Ozaki, Ana, Peñaloza, Rafael, Predoiu, Livia, Value from Data (VALDA ), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Bergen (UiB), KRDB Research Centre (KRDB), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Inria de Paris, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; This extended abstract presents our work on provenance forthe description logic ELHr published at IJCAI 20

Published
2020

43. Fuel flexibility of a pilot plant gasifier using torrefied pellets as feedstock

Author

Antolini, D., Tanoh, T. S., Francesco Patuzzi, F. Javier ESCUDERO SANZ, Marco Baratieri, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Pellet, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Fixed bed, Biomass, Torrefaction, Gasification
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of enhancing the gasification process using a pretreated biomass that presents higher heating value, higher C/O ratio and less moisture content than untreated biomass. The aim is to assess the gasification parameters that can be modified in order to achieve the best performance of the gasification system. These research studies have been carried out in collaboration with the Centre RAPSODEE (UMR CNRS 5302, IMT Ecole de mines Albi-Carmaux, France) and the Free University of Bolzano (Italy). The torrefaction of standard pellets is realized using a lab scale rotary kiln unit at RAPSODEE. On the contrary, the gasification tests are carried out at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano by means of a fixed bed open top gasifier. The tests of pellets torrefaction has been carried out at 250°C and 270°C with two repetitions in order to obtain about 60 kg of pellets for each torrefied condition. The used feedstock is a standard French pellets produced from sawdust of oak and beech following the standard EN 14961-2 (“Wood pellets for non-industrial use”). The pellets are characterized before and after the torrefaction pre-treatment. The gasifier used for the gasification tests is an open top pilot-scale gasifier placed at the Bioenergy and Biofuel Lab of the Free University of Bolzano. The plant is an open top downdraft system, where both gas and feedstock move downward as the reactions proceed. The main difference between un-treated and torrefied pellets is the moisture content. In addition, a slight increase in terms of carbon content and LHV and a slight decrease in terms of volatile matter are observed by moving from standard to torrefied pellets. The torrefied pellets seem to reach lower performances in terms of cold gas efficiency (CGE) and char yield with respect to the standard pellets. However, the trends in terms of ER and CGE suggest that moving toward higher values of ER, higher values of CGE could be reached independently of the material used.

Published
2020

44. Quantifying deforestation and forest degradation with thermal response

Author

Tomomichi Kato, Changliang Shao, Jason Beringer, Ze-Xin Fan, Beverly E. Law, John R. Grace, Filippo Di Gennaro, Pei-Li Fu, Leonardo Montagnani, Pierpaolo Duce, Damien Bonal, Christopher M. Gough, Hua Lin, Vincenzo Magliulo, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, James Cleverly, Ya-Jun Chen, Lukas Hörtnagl, Giorgio Matteucci, Qinghai Song, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFOM), Oregon State University (OSU), Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), University of Edinburgh, Applied Fundamental Research Program of Yunnan Province (2013FB078), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 31200307), CAS 135 program (XTBG-F01), Hokkaido University, University of Zurich, and Lin, Hua

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecological succession, Forests, 01 natural sciences, service écosystémique, couverture végétale, Grassland, forest, 2305 Environmental Engineering, forêt, thermorégulation, 910 Geography & travel, Waste Management and Disposal, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agroforestry, Temperature, prairie, Thermal response, Reforestation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, Pollution, 10122 Institute of Geography, cultivated land, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, 2310 Pollution, Temperature stability, Environmental Monitoring, réponse environnementale, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Engineering, Shrubland, savannah, Deforestation, Environmental Chemistry, savane, réchauffement climatique, Succession, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, déforestation, dégradation de la forêt, Disturbance, 15. Life on land, 2311 Waste Management and Disposal, Surface temperature, terre cultivée, Disturbance (ecology), 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Secondary forest, grassland, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Deforestation and forest degradation cause the deterioration of resources and ecosystem services. However, there are still no operational indicators to measure forest status, especially for forest degradation. In the present study, we analysed the thermal response number (TRN, calculated by daily total net radiation divided by daily temperature range) of 163 sites including mature forest, disturbed forest, planted forest, shrubland, grassland, savanna vegetation and cropland. TRN generally increased with latitude, however the regression of TRN against latitude differed among vegetation types. Mature forests are superior as thermal buffers, and had significantly higher TRN than disturbed and planted forests. There was a clear boundary between TRN of forest and non-forest vegetation (i.e. grassland and savanna) with the exception of shrubland, whose TRN overlapped with that of forest vegetation. We propose to use the TRN of local mature forest as the optimal TRN (TRNopt). A forest with lower than 75% of TRNopt was identified as subjected to significant disturbance, and forests with 66% of TRNopt was the threshold for deforestation within the absolute latitude from 30° to 55°. Our results emphasized the irreplaceable thermal buffer capacity of mature forest. TRN can be used for early warning of deforestation and degradation risk. It is therefore a valuable tool in the effort to protect forests and prevent deforestation.

Published
2017
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45. Species richness effects on grassland recovery from drought depend on community productivity in a multisite experiment

Author

Giandiego Campetella, Iva Apostolova, Michaela Zeiter, Sándor Bartha, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Pauline Hernandez, Ivan Nijs, Jürgen Dengler, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Julia Walter, Desislava Sopotlieva, Emin Uğurlu, Sigi Berwaers, Andreas Stampfli, Michael Bahn, Philipp von Gillhaussen, Camilla Wellstein, Hans J. De Boeck, Behlül Güler, Juergen Kreyling, Yasin Altan, Marcelo Sternberg, Anke Jentsch, Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan, Juliette M. G. Bloor, Johannes Ransijn, Nikolay Velev, Uğurlu, Emin, Experimental Plant Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, D-17487, Germany, Plant Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, 04103, Germany, Landscape Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria, Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Bursa Technical University, 152 Evler Str., No:2/10, Yildirim, Bursa, 16330, Turkey, Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany, Grassland Ecosystem Research, UMR0874 INRA, VetAgroSup, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France, Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science & Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Şehit İlhan Varank Campus, Yunusemre, Manisa, 45040, Turkey, Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, CH-3052, Switzerland, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3013, Switzerland, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bozen, I-39100, Italy, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy, Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, H-2163, Hungary, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Bayreuth, University of Hohenheim, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bursa Technical University, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Biology, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, European Project: 266546,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ERANET-2010-RTD,BIODIVERSA2(2010), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], University of Camerino, and University of Innsbruck

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Asynchrony, Climate Change, Biodiversity, Insurance hypothesis, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Diversity-stability relationship, résilience, insurance hypothesis, Species Specificity, Temperate climate, Ecosystem, Biomass, 577: Ökologie, coordinated distributed experiment, resilience, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Resilience, Resistance (ecology), Coordinated distributed experiment, Ecology, fungi, diversity-stability relationship, food and beverages, Extreme event ecology, extreme event ecology, 15. Life on land, Grassland, Droughts, Chemistry, Productivity (ecology), Disturbance (ecology), 13. Climate action, événement écologique extrème, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Sopotlieva, Desislava/0000-0002-9281-7039; Guler, Behlul/0000-0003-2638-4340; Velev, Nikolay/0000-0001-6812-3670; De Boeck, Hans/0000-0003-2180-8837; Kreyling, Juergen/0000-0001-8489-7289; Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776; Dengler, Jurgen/0000-0003-3221-660X; Nijs, Ivan/0000-0003-3111-680X; Wellstein, Camilla/0000-0001-6994-274X; Apostolova, Iva/0000-0002-2701-175X; Stampfli, Andreas/0000-0002-5517-1363; Picon-Cochard, Catherine/0000-0001-7728-8936; Bloor, Juliette M.G./0000-0002-8668-1323; Arfin Khan, Mohammed Abu Sayed/0000-0001-6275-7023; Campetella, Giandiego/0000-0001-6126-522X WOS:000413145900006 PubMed ID: 28941071 Biodiversity can buffer ecosystem functioning against extreme climatic events, but few experiments have explicitly tested this. Here, we present the first multisite biodiversityxdrought manipulation experiment to examine drought resistance and recovery at five temperate and Mediterranean grassland sites. Aboveground biomass production declined by 30% due to experimental drought (standardised local extremity by rainfall exclusion for 72-98 consecutive days). Species richness did not affect resistance but promoted recovery. Recovery was only positively affected by species richness in low-productive communities, with most diverse communities even showing overcompensation. This positive diversity effect could be linked to asynchrony of species responses. Our results suggest that a more context-dependent view considering the nature of the climatic disturbance as well as the productivity of the studied system will help identify under which circumstances biodiversity promotes drought resistance or recovery. Stability of biomass production can generally be expected to decrease with biodiversity loss and climate change. ERA-Net BiodivERsA [01LC1201]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); Bulgarian Science Found; Ministere de l'Ecologie, du Developpement durable et de l'Energie (France) This work is part of the project SIGNAL which is funded by the ERA-Net BiodivERsA (http://www.biodiversa.org; Funding ID 01LC1201), with the national funders Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Bulgarian Science Found and Ministere de l'Ecologie, du Developpement durable et de l'Energie (France) as part of the 2011-2012 BiodivERsA call for research proposals. For site FR, we thank P. Pichon, A. Salcedo, J. Pottier, M.E. Lefranc, M. Michaux, A. Vernay and G. Zannin for help during the course of the experiment. We thank three anonymous referees for insightful and constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

Published
2017
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46. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Partial Identification of a Series of Tetra- and Pentameric Cyclic Procyanidins and Prodelphinidins in Wine Extracts

Author

Edoardo Longo, Michael Jourdes, Alicia Jouin, Emanuele Boselli, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Vakarė Merkytė, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Wine, cyclic proanthocyanidins, Tandem mass spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, High-performance liquid chromatography, Catechin, Article, isotopic exchange mass spectrometry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biflavonoids, Proanthocyanidins, solid-phase extraction, Solid phase extraction, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Chemistry, Elution, Plant Extracts, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, red wine, Deuterium, 0104 chemical sciences, crown proanthocyanidins, Hydrogen–deuterium exchange, Monoisotopic mass, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Prodelphinidin, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; A solid-phase extraction method was applied for the identification of a series of unconventional crown (macrocyclic) B-type proanthocyanidin tetramers (m/z 1169.2557, 1185.2507, 1201.2456, and 1217.2405) and pentamers (m/z 1457.3191, 1473.3140, 1489.3090, 1505.3039, and 1521.2988) containing (epi)catechins only (procyanidins) or (epi)catechins and (epi)gallocatechins (prodelphinidins). These compounds were identified in red wine by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with online hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) after purification with a C18 solid-phase extraction phase from the original wine sample. The number and type of monomer units present in each procyanidin and prodelphinidin are discussed on the basis of the experimental measured masses, their retention time distribution among observed isomers, tandem mass spectrometry fragmentations, and the HDX-induced shift of the theoretical monoisotopic mass. The elution in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography shifted to lower retention times when the ratio of (epi)gallocatechin units in these molecules increased with respect to the content of (epi)catechin units, as a consequence of the increase of polarity.

Published
2020
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47. Annually Resolved Monsoon Onset and Withdrawal Dates Across the Himalayas Derived From Local Precipitation Statistics

Author

Camilla Francesca Brunello, Katrin A. Schneider, Stefan Achleitner, Niels Hovius, Francesco Comiti, Odin Marc, Christoff Andermann, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seasonality, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, medicine.disease, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Climatology, ddc:550, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, monsoon onset, monsoon withdrawal, premonsoon, rainfall time series, seasonality, Himalaya, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A local and flexible definition of the monsoon season based on hydrological evidence is important for the understanding and management of Himalayan water resources. Here, we present an objective statistical method to retrieve seasonal hydrometeorological transitions. Applied to daily rainfall data (1951-2015), this method shows an average longitudinal delay of similar to 15 days, with later monsoon onset and earlier withdrawal in the western Himalaya, consistent with the continental progression of wet air masses. This delay leads to seasons of different length along the Himalaya and biased precipitation amounts when using uniform calendric monsoon boundaries. In the Central Himalaya annual precipitation has increased, due primarily to an increase of premonsoon precipitation. These findings highlight issues associated with a static definition of monsoon boundaries and call for a deeper understanding of nonmonsoonal precipitation over the Himalayan water tower. Plain Language Summary Precipitation in the Himalayas determines water availability for the Indian foreland with large socioeconomic implications. Despite its importance, spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation are poorly understood. Here, we estimate the long-term average and trends of seasonal precipitation at the scale of individual catchments draining the Himalayas. We apply a statistical method to detect the timing of hydrometeorological seasons from local precipitation measurements, focusing on monsoon onset and withdrawal. We identify longitudinal and latitudinal delays, resulting in seasons of different length along and across the Himalayas. These spatial patterns and the annual variability of the monsoon boundaries mean that oft-used, fixed calendric dates, for example, 1 June to 30 September, may be inadequate for retrieving monsoon rainfall totals. Moreover, we find that, despite its prominent contribution to annual rainfall totals, the Indian summer monsoon cannot explain the increase of the annual precipitation over the Central Himalayas. Instead, this appears to be mostly driven by changes in premonsoon and winter rainfall. So far, little attention has been paid to premonsoon precipitation, but governed by evaporative processes and surface water availability, it may be enhanced by irrigation and changed land use in the Gangetic foreland.

Published
2020
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48. Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model

Author

Y. Zhang, A. Bastos, F. Maignan, D. Goll, O. Boucher, L. Li, A. Cescatti, N. Vuichard, X. Chen, C. Ammann, M. A. Arain, T. A. Black, B. Chojnicki, T. Kato, I. Mammarella, L. Montagnani, O. Roupsard, M. J. Sanz, L. Siebicke, M. Urbaniak, F. P. Vaccari, G. Wohlfahrt, W. Woodgate, P. Ciais, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Augsburg [Augsburg], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of British Columbia (UBC), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], University of Helsinki, Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Fundación Ikerbasque [Bilbao], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Queensland [Brisbane], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), European Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream, 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project., ANR-15-CE01-0011,CHINA-TREND-STREAM,Tendances des deux grands fleuves Chinois, effets de l'usage des sols et du changement climatique(2015), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

Subjects
Lumière du jour, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, Cloud cover, Flux, cloud cover, Atmospheric model, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, ddc:550, Aérosol, cloud, Photosynthèse, Dispersion de la lumière, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, lcsh:QE1-996.5, General Medicine, air quality, air temperature, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Sciences du sol, Carbone organique du sol, light effect, Eddy covariance, atmospheric modeling, Photosynthesis, 114 Physical sciences, environmental impact, Carbon cycle, Couvert, carbon cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, photosynthesis, land surface, Primary production, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, Modélisation, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Cycle du carbone, numerical model, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuselight have important impacts on the global land carbon cy-cle, as they alter light distribution and photosynthesis in veg-etation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly rep-resented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here,we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy lighttransmission module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Car-bon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surfacemodel (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, OR-CHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light andits effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multilayercanopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using fluxobservations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe.Our results show that, compared with the original model,ORCHIDEE_DF improves the GPP simulation under sunnyconditions and captures the observed higher photosynthe-sis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types(PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP undercloudy conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainlydriven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in theafternoon as well as by a decreased vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The obser-vations show that the strongest positive effects of diffuse lighton photosynthesis are found in the range from 5 to 20◦C andat a VPD < 1 kPa. This effect is found to decrease when theVPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of theabovementioned range, which is likely due to the increasingstomatal resistance to leaf CO2uptake. ORCHIDEE_DF un-derestimates the diffuse light effect at low temperature in allPFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature and ata high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model hasthe potential to better investigate the impact of large-scaleaerosol changes and long-term changes in cloudiness on theterrestrial carbon budget, both in the historical period and inthe context of future air quality policies and/or climate engi-neering This research has been supported by the Eu- ropean Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream and the new 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the “Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes” (KUSCO2) project.

Published
2020
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49. Promoting Physical Activity during School Closures Imposed by the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Education Teachers’ Behaviors in France, Italy and Turkey

Author

Erica Gobbi, Silvio Maltagliati, Philippe Sarrazin, Selenia di Fronso, Alessandra Colangelo, Boris Cheval, Géraldine Escriva-Boulley, Damien Tessier, Giyasettin Demirhan, Gokce Erturan, Yilmaz Yüksel, Athanasios Papaioannou, Maurizio Bertollo, Attilio Carraro, Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Sport et Environnement Social (SENS ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l'Education et de la Communication (LISEC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Pamukkale University, University of Thessaly [Lamia], and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Subjects
Male, Turkey, COVID19, lockdown, online teaching, physical education, physical activity, teachers, secondary school, COVID19, health promotion, retrospective study, lcsh:Medicine, physical activity, feedback system, Turkey (republic), lockdown, health behavior, online system, middle aged, Sciences de l'Homme et Société/Education, Physical Education and Training, Schools, exercise, adult, web browser, COVID-19, online teaching, physical education, secondary school, teachers, Adult, Communicable Disease Control, Female, France, Health Promotion, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, School Teachers, Exercise, Pandemics, school closure, Turkish citizen, ddc:128.37, female, epidemiology, student, school, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, school attendance, Article, coronavirus disease 2019, turkey (bird), secondary education, human, procedures, Meleagris gallopavo, pandemic, questionnaire, lcsh:R, viral disease, teaching, home quarantine, self monitoring, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, school teacher
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically reduced physical activity (PA) behaviors of many people. Physical education (PE) is considered one of the privileged instruments to promote youths&rsquo, PA. We aimed to investigate the effects of lockdown on PE teachers&rsquo, behaviors promoting their students&rsquo, out-of-school PA and differences between three European countries. A sample of 1146 PE teachers (59.5% females) from France, Italy, and Turkey answered an online questionnaire about guiding students to engage in out-of-school PA, helping them to set PA goals, encouraging in self-monitoring PA, the pedagogical formats of these behaviors and feedback asked to students. RM-MANCOVAs were performed with a two-time (before and during the lockdown), three country (France, Italy, Turkey), two gender factorial design, using teaching years and perceived health as covariates. A significant multivariate main effect time &times, country &times, gender (p &lt, 0.001) was reported for the behaviors promoting students&rsquo, PA, with French and Italian teachers increasing some behaviors, while Turkish teachers showing opposite trends. Significant multivariate main effects time &times, country were found for formats supporting the behaviors (p &lt, 0.001) and for asked feedback formats (p &lt, 0.001). The massive contextual change imposed by lockdown caused different reactions in teachers from the three countries. Findings are informative for PA promotion and PE teachers&rsquo, education.

Published
2020
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50. A Reference Ontology of Money and Virtual Currencies

Author

Tiago Prince Sales, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Glenda C. M. Amaral, Daniele Porello, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), Jānis Grabis, Dominik Bork, TC 8, and WG 8.1

Subjects
Cryptocurrency, Knowledge management, Computer science, Virtual currency, 02 engineering and technology, Semantics, UFO, 020204 information systems, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 050207 economics, Financial services, Ontology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Money, Currency, OntoUML, Semantic interoperability, business, Financial sector
Abstract

Part 5:Enterprise Ontologies; International audience; In recent years, there has been a growing interest, within the financial sector, in the adoption of ontology-based conceptual models to make the nature of conceptualizations explicit, as well as to safely establish the correct relations between them, thereby supporting semantic interoperability. Despite the wide number of efforts to create a unified view of the reality related to economic and financial domains, no comprehensive enough formal model has been developed to, on one hand, accurately describe the semantics regarding the world of money and currencies and, on the other hand, differentiate them from virtual currencies - of which cryptocurrencies are the most significant representative. This research aims at tackling these questions by conducting an ontological analysis of money and related concepts, grounded in the Unified Foundational Ontology, based on a literature review of the most relevant economic theories, and considering recent innovations in the financial industry.

Published
2020
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